Showing papers by "Tilburg University published in 1983"
TL;DR: An outline is presented of a model that aims to relate energetical and structural mechanisms of human information processing and to incorporate an interactionally defined stress notion in performance research and to base the model upon linear stage notions of information processing.
863 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model is proposed that relates personal, environmental (eg home) and behavioral factors to energy use, which is instrumental in relating variables that determine energy use in the home In the following these determinants of household energy use: socio-demographic factors, family life-style, energy prices, energyrelated behavior, cost-benefit trade offs, effectiveness and responsibility, feedback, information, home characteristics are discussed In the third section several options for energy-saving campaigns and related research are discussed
348 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on energy-related behavioral patterns of 145 households in Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, based on self-reported behaviors of 145 individuals in the Netherlands.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a psychological framework depicting the determinants of tax evasion behavior is introduced and a review of the literature generally confirms the proposed conception, and results of a small-scale study (N = 111) lend further support to the approach.
113 citations
TL;DR: Large differences between the shape of power spectra of different muscles in the unfatigued state were found, however, were unrelated to endurance and degree of spectral shift during fatigue.
Abstract: Endurance and changes in electromyogram (EMG) power spectra were investigated during a fatiguing static contraction at 50% of the maximum EMG amplitude in two jaw-elevator muscles (masseter and temporalis) and five facial muscles (frontalis, corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris, and buccinator). Relatively high endurance was found in orbicularis oris, frontalis, and corrugator supercilii muscles; intermediate endurance was found in zygomaticus major, buccinator, and temporalis muscles; and low endurance was found in the masseter muscle. The last muscle showed a relatively fast linear decrease of the median frequency of the power spectrum. The other muscles showed a much slower, exponential decrease. The median frequency appeared to reflect reliably the changes in the shape of the power spectra during fatigue. Large differences between the shape of power spectra of different muscles in the unfatigued state were found. These, however, were unrelated to endurance and degree of spectral shift during fatigue.
90 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the fact that adjectives in Modern High German have the property of being able to assign case to their complement NP, but not accusative and nominative.
Abstract: In this paper I wish to address certain questions relating to the fact that adjectives in Modern High German have the property of being able to assign case to their complement NP. In particular, I wish to raise three questions: (1) why is it that adjectives in Germah have this property at all?, (2) why are the cases that are assigned to the complements of adjectives dative and genitive, but not accusative and nominative?, and (3) why does there appear to be a correlation between the existence in a language of a morphological case system and the possibility for adjectives to assign case?
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple derivation of the spectral decomposition of the covariance matrix for a general multi-way variance components model is presented, where balanced data are assumed to be available.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this study, power spectral density functions (PSDF's) were computed of interference EMG of various facial and jaw-elevator muscles during nonfatiguing submaximal static contractions, demonstrating that the peak indicates the dominant firing rate of the sampled MU's.
Abstract: In this study, power spectral density functions (PSDF's) were computed of interference EMG of various facial and jaw-elevator muscles during nonfatiguing submaximal static contractions, recorded with surface electrodes. A distinct peak was found in the PSDF's in the frequency region below 40 Hz. It was shown that the peak was due to genuine EMG activity and that it could not be considered as an artifact, which was caused by electrode displacements during contraction. An increase of contraction strength resulted in a shift of the peak to higher frequencies and a decrease of peak amplitude relative to the power spectral estimates above 40 Hz, which were shown to be determined by the shape of the motor unit (MU) action potentials. In accordance with mathematical models of the EMG PSDF, it was demonstrated that the peak indicates the dominant firing rate of the sampled MU's. Our results suggest that this can be defined as the firing rate of the first recruited low-threshold MU's, which may be expected to dominate the interference EMG signal because of their preponderance in number. The data further suggest that the peak can be more readily observed in PSDF's of facial and jaw-elevator muscles than in PSDF's of limb muscles. This might be related to differences in MU firing statistics.
61 citations
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TL;DR: This chapter starts with another way of discussing Q*-values, based on the three aspects of the policy of the firm in the relevant model concerning production, finance and investment/dividend, and presents two more ways of analysis.
Abstract: In chapter 5 we have described the optimal solution of our model in the same way as done in most publications on dynamics of the firm. Still, a lot of worthwhile economic analyses remain to be done. We will present two more ways of analysis in this chapter. The first way of analysis is a derivation of global decision rules, which together constitute the policy of the firm. The stepping stones in the four master trajectories of chapter 5 are the Q*-values, of which several are present in more than one trajectory. In chapter 5 we have discussed the factors influencing the level of each Q*-value. This chapter starts with another way of discussing these Q*-values, based on the three aspects of the policy of the firm in the relevant model concerning production, finance and investment/dividend.
39 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: A review of the various pre-data collection precautions for cross-cultural testing can be found in this paper, where the authors refer to general texts on cross-culture testing (e.g., Biesheuvel, 1969; Cronbach and Drenth, 1972; Jensen, 1980).
Abstract: “Equivalence” or “comparability” appears to be the most central issue in discussions on the methodology of cross-cultural comparative research. To counteract the effects of unwanted factors and to reduce the likelihood of erroneous inferences from observed$$ inter-group differences, a large number of ideas have been put forward. As well as the analysis of results, these address adequate preparation before data collection. For a review of the various pre-data collection precautions, one may refer to general texts on cross-cultural testing (e.g., Biesheuvel, 1969; Cronbach and Drenth, 1972; Jensen, 1980).
34 citations
TL;DR: Ways of coping with stresses are presented and illustrated in a report of one woman's experience with treatment of breast cancer to better help the cancer patient cope with the disease.
TL;DR: The familiar Student or t statistic is proposed for this comparison, combined with a Bonferroni approach accounting for the presence of multiple, dependent validation observations.
TL;DR: Achilles tendon (T) reflexes were evoked simultaneously in both legs during a fixed foreperiod of 1 sec as discussed by the authors, at 13 different points in time, from 100 msec prior to the warning signal (WS) to 100 msec after the response signal (RS).
Abstract: Achilles tendon (T) reflexes were evoked simultaneously in both legs during a fixed foreperiod of 1 sec. Volunteers were instructed to react as quickly as possible by one of four responses (in blocks): a plantar flexion of the left or right foot and a flexion of the left or right index finger. Prior to a foot response one leg was always involved in the response, prior to a finger response neither leg. Reflexes were evoked at 13 different points in time, from 100 msec prior to the warning signal (WS) to 100 msec after the response signal (RS). Amplitudes were expressed in percentages of control (intertrial interval) reflex amplitudes. In all conditions, amplitudes in both legs reached a peak 100 msec after the WS. After this non-selective increment, reflex amplitudes preceding a finger response decreased but remained larger than the baseline. Prior to a foot movement, amplitudes in uninvolved muscles remained larger than the baseline as well, whereas amplitudes in the involved muscle were no longer different from the baseline. This differential effect was independent of the response side. It was concluded that preparation for a response is characterized by a selective lack of activation in the reflex arc of the agonist, and a non-selective activation of the uninvolved spinal motor structures.
TL;DR: The present results, together with results obtained in related research, suggest that deviation from matching is a function of procedural variables that determine the consequences of a changeover response.
Abstract: Four pigeons were exposed to independent concurrent variable-interval 20-second variable-interval 60-second schedules of reinforcement. A transparent partition was inserted midway between the two response keys. The length of the partition was systematically manipulated. Increasing partition length produced a decrease in changeover rate in Experiment 1. Over-matching was observed with a partition length of 20 centimeters. In Experiment 2 a four-second limited hold was added to the schedules. Increasing partition length produced a decrease in changeover rate that exceeded the decrease observed in Experiment 1. This manipulation produced nearly exclusive choice of the variable-interval 20-second component. The present results, together with results obtained in related research, suggest that deviation from matching is a function of procedural variables that determine the consequences of a changeover response.
TL;DR: It is shown that each loopless 2k-regular undirected graph onn vertices has at least two eulerian orientations and at most three, and that, for each fixedk, these ground numbers are best possible.
Abstract: We show that each loopless 2k-regular undirected graph onn vertices has at least\(\left( {2^{ - k} \left( {_k^{2k} } \right)} \right)^n \) and at most\(\sqrt {\left( {_k^{2k} } \right)^n } \) eulerian orientations, and that, for each fixedk, these ground numbers are best possible.
TL;DR: In this article, a forewarned simple visual reaction time (RT) experiment was conducted to study the relation between surface EMG of the soleus muscle and Achilles tendon reflex amplitudes during the initiation of a voluntary plantar flexion of the right foot.
TL;DR: Sensitivity analysis changes the values of parameters systematically, whereas risk analysis samples the parameter values and quantify the probability of specific outputs.
Abstract: If a dynamic model assumes parameters constant over time, then the posterior mean (i.e. the mean conditional on specific values of these parameters) is relevant. Since parameters are unknown, they must be estimated. Sensitivity analysis quantifies the effects of incorrectly specified values of the parameters. If these effects are important then additional information on the parameters might be collected; otherwise robust solutions are to be sought. If these options do not work then risk analysis can quantify the probability of specific outputs, incorporating the probability distribution of the estimated parameters. Sensitivity analysis changes the values of parameters systematically, whereas risk analysis samples the parameter values. Simple queuing and econometric examples illustrate the two approaches.
TL;DR: The linear complementarity problem with data q ɛ Rn and M ǫ Rn×n consists in finding two vectory s and z in Rn such that(1.1) ============
Abstract: The linear complementarity problem with data q ɛ Rn and M ɛ Rn×n consists in finding two vectory s and z in Rn such that(1.1)
$${\text{s = Mz + q ,}}$$
(1.1)
(1.2)
$$s,\;z\; \ge \;0\;,$$
(1.2)
(1.3)
$${s_i}{z_{i\;}} = \;0\;,\;i\; = \;1,\;2, \ldots ,\;n\;.$$
(1.3)
.
TL;DR: A 23-year-old male with a history of sinus tachycardia was treated with heart-rate feedback in eight sessions, and simultaneous EMG recordings of m.
Abstract: A 23-year-old male with a history of sinus tachycardia was treated with heart-rate feedback in eight sessions. From a pretreatment average of 103 beats per minute (BPM) as recorded in two separate baseline sessions, the heart rate dropped to 66 BPM in the last treatment session. At follow-up the heart rate seemed stabilized within the normal range, averaging 68 BPM after 1 month and 73 BPM after 12 months. Simultaneous EMG recordings of m. frontalis suggest a generalized effect of this treatment. Results are discussed in terms of somatic and respiratory mediation.
TL;DR: In this article, an economic equilibrium may be found by applying a simplicial variable dimension algorithm developed by Van der Laan and Talman, to prove the existence of an equilibrium they discussed a path following procedure.
Abstract: Recently Zangwill and Garcia introduced a general formulation of equilibrium problems. To prove the existence of an equilibrium they discussed a path following procedure. In this note we consider the application to the exchange economy problem. An economic equilibrium may be found by applying a simplicial variable dimension algorithm developed by Van der Laan and Talman.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss some topics relating to management accounting and operational research in decentralized organizations and make a choice and limited us to budgetting through input-output analysis, cost-volume-profit analysis and transfer prices in decentralized organisations.
TL;DR: This paper compares the possible confounding influences of indirect time effects in experiments with broad or restrictive time limits and gives an overview of the adequacy of various time limits for answering different research questions.
Abstract: Typical experimental studies of learning aids will control in various ways for the time spent on the learning task. This paper reviews such methods and compares the possible confounding influences of indirect time effects in experiments with broad or restrictive time limits. Indirect time effects refer to changes in time spent on a text that are caused by learning aids. They are to be discerned from direct time effects that refer to the time the reading of the learning aids take. In particular, we give an overview of the adequacy of various time limits for answering different research questions. It is argued that experiments without time limits are potentially more likely to bring out performance effects. In the final part of this paper we give some illustrations of the different effects and methods, based on a series of six experiments into the influence of concrete analogies on learning. Those experiments show that indirect time effects are important and that performance results depend on the way one controls reading time.
TL;DR: Two interpretations of the variable dimension algorithm to compute a fixed point of a continuous function from the product space S of simplices into itself, introduced in an earlier paper, are given.
Abstract: In this paper two interpretations of the variable dimension algorithm to compute a fixed point of a continuous function from the product space S of simplices into itself, introduced in an earlier paper, are given. The first interpretation yields a subdivision, whereas the second one yields a triangulation of the convex hull of the set S on the natural level and some set on the artificial level. After labelling the vertices of the latter set in such a way that this set is completely labelled, a path of adjacent polyhedra or simplices can be generated with common completely labelled facets starting with the set on the artificial level and terminating with a completely labelled simplex on the natural level yielding an approximate fixed point. The intersection of the path with this level is the sequence of the simplices of variable dimension of the algorithm. So, the algorithm can be viewed as tracing zeroes of a piecewise linear homotopy function.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the economic consequences of an oil price shock in a small open economy were analyzed based on a three-factor nested CES production function, and analytical solutions for the short and long run were presented for a linearized version of the original model.
Abstract: The paper deals with the economic consequences of an oil price shock in a small open economy. The analysis along neoclassical lines is based upon a three-factor nested CES production function. The model takes account of capital accumulation. Analytical solutions for the short- and long-run are presented for a linearized version of the original model, which makes existing results more tractable.
TL;DR: The conclusion is that the facilitation of R1 and the disinhibition of R2 towards the end of FP reflect the preparation on the reaction after RS, although an effect of motor dominance cannot be excluded.
Abstract: Blink reflexes were evoked at distinct times during a 3 sec foreperiod (FP) between a warning stimulus (WS) and a reaction signal (RS). Sixteen well-trained, right-handed subjects participated in the experiment. Following RS, they reacted instantaneously with a blink of the right eye. In the electrically evoked blink reflex, an early ipsilateral component (R1) with a latency of $10 msec and a late bilateral component (R2) with a latency of $25-40 msec could be distinguished. The peak-to-peak amplitude of R1 and the integral of R2 were computed. In the beginning of FP, R1 was enlarged as compared to control values. Toward the end of FP, a continuous rise of R1 amplitudes was seen. This increment was most pronounced in the muscle involved in the reaction following RS. R2 was inhibited immediately after WS, while no significant inhibition could be seen near the end of FP. The conclusion is that the facilitation of R1 and the disinhibition of R2 towards the end of FP reflect the preparation on the reaction af...
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this chapter, the distinction was made between deep structure and surface structure, which were thought to be connected by transformational derivations.
Abstract: One of the basic problems of the theory of core grammar is the determination of the levels of representation for the sentences of a language, and the characterization of the mappings that interconnect these levels of representation. Traditionally, a distinction was made between deep structure and surface structure, which were thought to be connected by transformational derivations.