Showing papers by "Tilburg University published in 2006"
08 Jun 2006
TL;DR: How treebanks for 13 languages were converted into the same dependency format and how parsing performance was measured is described and general conclusions about multi-lingual parsing are drawn.
Abstract: Each year the Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL) features a shared task, in which participants train and test their systems on exactly the same data sets, in order to better compare systems. The tenth CoNLL (CoNLL-X) saw a shared task on Multilingual Dependency Parsing. In this paper, we describe how treebanks for 13 languages were converted into the same dependency format and how parsing performance was measured. We also give an overview of the parsing approaches that participants took and the results that they achieved. Finally, we try to draw general conclusions about multi-lingual parsing: What makes a particular language, treebank or annotation scheme easier or harder to parse and which phenomena are challenging for any dependency parser?
1,011 citations
TL;DR: The authors examine how uncertainty moderates the trust-performance relationship in alliances, building on the distinction between behavioral uncertainty, which relates to anticipating and understanding paring, and trust performance, which is related to the ability to anticipate and understand paring.
Abstract: We examine how uncertainty moderates the trust-performance relationship in alliances, building on the distinction between behavioral uncertainty, which relates to anticipating and understanding par...
955 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use meta-analytic techniques to quantitatively compare Williamson's Markets and Hierarchies with transaction cost theory, and show that Williamson's markets and hierarchies are similar to ours.
Abstract: Since the publication of Williamson's Markets and Hierarchies, many empirical articles have investigated the tenets of transaction cost theory. Using meta-analytic techniques, we quantitatively syn...
839 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined European public perceptions of the relative deservingness of four needy groups (elderly people, sick and disabled people, unemployed people, and immigrants) using data from the 1999/2000 European Values Study survey.
Abstract: Summary Welfare states treat different groups of needy people differently. Such differential rationing may reflect various considerations of policymakers, who act in economic, political and cultural contexts. This article aims at contributing to a theoretical and empirical understanding of the popular cultural context of welfare rationing. It examines European public perceptions of the relative deservingness of four needy groups (elderly people, sick and disabled people, unemployed people, and immigrants). Hypotheses, deduced from a literature review, are tested against data from the 1999/2000 European Values Study survey. It is found that Europeans share a common and fundamental deservingness culture: across countries and social categories there is a consistent pattern that elderly people are seen as most deserving, closely followed by sick and disabled people; unemployed people are seen as less deserving still, and immigrants as least deserving of all. Conditionality is greater in poorer countries, in countries with lower unemployment, and in countries where people have less trust in fellow citizens and in state institutions. At the national level there is no relation with welfare regime type or welfare spending. Individual differences in conditionality are determined by several socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics, as well as by certain features of the country people live in.
836 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the innovative performance of alliance networks as a function of the technological distance between partners, a firm's network position (centrality) and total network density.
Abstract: In this paper we analyze the innovative performance of alliance networks as a function of the technological distance between partners, a firm's network position (centrality) and total network density. We study how these three elements of an alliance network, apart and in combination, affect the 'twin tasks' in exploration, namely novelty creation on the one hand and its efficient absorption on the other hand. For an empirical test, we study technology-based alliance networks in the pharmaceutical, chemical and automotive industry.
725 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three dimensions of proximity relevant in inter-organizational collaboration are distinguished: geographical proximity, organizational proximity, and technological proximity, which are defined and discussed in a systematic literature review.
Abstract: The proximity concept is used in many different ways in the literature. These dimensions of proximity are, however, defined and measured in many different (sometimes even contradictory) ways, show large amounts of overlap, and often are under- or over-specified. The goal of this paper is to specify the different dimensions of proximity relevant in inter-organizational collaboration more precisely and to provide definitions of these dimensions. The research presented contributes to reducing the ambiguity of the proximity concept as used in the literature.
Based on the above, the following research question is addressed in this paper: ‘Which dimensions of proximity are relevant in inter-organizational collaboration and how are they defined?’ A systematic literature review is presented in order to disentangle the dimensions of the proximity concept. Based on this literature review, three dimensions of proximity relevant in inter-organizational collaboration are distinguished: geographical proximity, organizational proximity and technological proximity. Examples (case studies) from the literature are used to illustrate the current conceptual ambiguity as well as to clarify how the proposed dimensions of proximity reduce this conceptual ambiguity.
719 citations
Arizona State University1, University of Pennsylvania2, Complutense University of Madrid3, University of Illinois at Chicago4, Tripura University5, New Mexico State University6, Nagaland University7, Istanbul Technical University8, The Chinese University of Hong Kong9, Western Illinois University10, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais11, Simmons College12, University of Amsterdam13, VU University Amsterdam14, Kaohsiung Medical University15, University of Ljubljana16, Chemnitz University of Technology17, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology18, Renmin University of China19, Universidad Francisco Marroquín20, Regent University21, Athens University of Economics and Business22, I-Shou University23, Texas A&M International University24, Villanova University25, Sultan Qaboos University26, Fundação Dom Cabral27, Tilburg University28, University of Twente29
TL;DR: In this paper, the cultural and leadership variables associated with corporate social responsibility values that managers apply to their decision-making were examined, and the cultural dimensions of institutional collectivism and power distance were found to predict social responsibility value on the part of top management team members.
Abstract: This paper examines cultural and leadership variables associated with corporate social responsibility values that managers apply to their decision-making. In this longitudinal study, we analyze data from 561 firms located in 15 countries on five continents to illustrate how the cultural dimensions of institutional collectivism and power distance predict social responsibility values on the part of top management team members. CEO visionary leadership and integrity were also uniquely predictive of such values.
668 citations
TL;DR: The GLOBE research program expanded the Hofstede model of five dimensions of national cultures to 18 as mentioned in this paper, including individualism, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and long-term orientation.
Abstract: The GLOBE research program expanded the Hofstede model of five dimensions of national cultures to 18. A re-analysis based on GLOBE's 2004 summary book produced five meta-factors. One was significantly correlated with GNP/capita and, from the Hofstede dimensions, primarily with Power Distance. Three more correlated significantly with Hofstede's Individualism, Uncertainty Avoidance and Long-Term Orientation. The fifth included the few GLOBE questions that related to Hofstede's dimension of Masculinity versus Femininity. GLOBE's respondents’ minds classified the questions in a way that the researchers’ minds did not account for and which closely resembles the original Hofstede model.
668 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that emotional-branding strategies are conducive to the emergence of a doppelganger brand image, which is defined as a family of disparaging images and meanings about a brand that circulate throughout popular culture.
Abstract: Emotional branding is widely heralded as a key to marketing success. However, little attention has been given to the risks posed by this strategy. This article argues that emotional-branding strategies are conducive to the emergence of a doppelganger brand image, which is defined as a family of disparaging images and meanings about a brand that circulate throughout popular culture. This article's thesis is that a doppelganger brand image can undermine the perceived authenticity of an emotional-branding story and, thus, the identity value that the brand provides to consumers. The authors discuss how the tenets of emotional branding paradoxically encourage the formation and propagation of doppelganger brand imagery. This article develops the counterintuitive proposition that rather than merely being a threat to be managed, a doppelganger brand image can actually benefit a brand by providing early warning signs that an emotional-branding story is beginning to lose its cultural resonance. This articl...
661 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed how whole-body signals are automatically perceived and understood, and their role in emotional communication and decision-making, and found that when people are terrified, as well as showing emotion, they run for cover.
Abstract: People's faces show fear in many different circumstances. However, when people are terrified, as well as showing emotion, they run for cover. When we see a bodily expression of emotion, we immediately know what specific action is associated with a particular emotion, leaving little need for interpretation of the signal, as is the case for facial expressions. Research on emotional body language is rapidly emerging as a new field in cognitive and affective neuroscience. This article reviews how whole-body signals are automatically perceived and understood, and their role in emotional communication and decision-making.
653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concepts of co-production, co-management and co-governance as a conceptual framework that enables us to better understand the third sector's role in public service provision.
Abstract: In recent years, public management research has paid increasing attention to the third sector, especially to its role in the provision of public services. Evidence of this is the rising number of publications on the topic, as well as a growing number of sessions and papers on the topic in academic conferences of the EGPA and IRSPM. However, much of the discussion on its role is motivated at least as much by ideology as by fact. We still lack a comprehensive empirical understanding of what happens when the third sector is drawn into public service provision. In this collection on Co-Production: The Third Sector and the Delivery of Public Services, we will try to enhance this understanding by presenting several new studies on the subject. We also introduce the concepts of co-production, co-management and co-governance as a conceptual framework that enables us to better understand such developments.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the methods and techniques used in service-oriented design and development and examine a service development methodology from the point of view of both service producers and requesters and review the range of elements in this methodology available to them.
Abstract: Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) are rapidly emerging as the premier integration and architectural approach in contemporary, complex, heterogeneous computing environments. SOA is not simply about deploying software: it also requires that organisations evaluate their business models, come up with service-oriented analysis and design techniques, deployment and support plans, and carefully evaluate partner/customer/supplier relationships. Since SOA is based on open standards and is frequently realised using Web Services (WS), developing meaningful WS and business process specifications is an important requirement for SOA applications that leverage WS. Designers and developers cannot be expected to oversee a complex service-oriented development project without relying on a sound design and development methodology. This paper provides an overview of the methods and techniques used in service-oriented design and development. The aim of this paper is to examine a service development methodology from the point of view of both service producers and requesters and review the range of elements in this methodology that are available to them.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether or not functionally diversified banks have a comparative advantage in terms of long-term performance/risk profile compared to their specialized competitors, using market-based measures of return potential and bank risk.
Abstract: This paper investigates whether or not functionally diversified banks have a comparative advantage in terms of long-term performance/risk profile compared to their specialized competitors. To that end, this study uses market-based measures of return potential and bank risk. We calculate the franchise value over time of European banks as a measure of their long-run performance potential. In addition, we measure risk as both the systematic and the idiosyncratic risk sensitivities derived from a bank stock return model. Finally, we analyze the return/risk trade-off implied in different functional diversification strategies using a panel data analysis over the period 1989-2004. A higher share of non-interest income in total income affects banks' franchise values positively. Diversification of revenue streams from distinct financial activities increases the systematic risk of banks while the effect on the idiosyncratic risk component is non-linear and predominantly downward-sloping. These findings have conflicting implications for different stakeholders, such as investors, bank shareholders, bank managers and bank supervisors.
TL;DR: This paper examined how country characteristics systematically moderate the effects of individual-level drivers of the perceived value that consumers derive from visiting a brand manufacturer's Web site, and found that people who live in more individualistic countries give more weight to pleasure, to privacy/security protection, and to customization in their perceived value judgments than people from collectivistic countries.
Abstract: The authors examine how country characteristics systematically moderate the effects of individual-level drivers of the perceived value that consumers derive from visiting a brand manufacturer's Web site. They test hypotheses on data collected from 8886 consumers from 23 countries on three continents, involving 30 Web sites of the world's largest consumer packaged goods companies. They find that the effect of privacy/security protection on perceived value is stronger for people from countries with a weak rule of law, whereas people from countries that are high on national identity give more weight to whether there is cultural congruity between the site and themselves. People who live in more individualistic countries give more weight to pleasure, to privacy/security protection, and to customization in their perceived value judgments than people from collectivistic countries. The authors discuss implications for Web site design strategies.
TL;DR: The authors argue that R&D strength is more important for new product than service development, while a company's willingness to cannibalize organizational routines and prior investments are more important in the case of new service than new product development.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine and compare the effects of five cultural distance measures on the choice by multinational enterprises (MNEs) between expanding abroad through greenfield or acquisition.
TL;DR: In this article, a MEDLINE and PSYCHLIT search using the key words bposttraumatic stress, bPTSDQ, bchildbirthQ and btraumatic deliveryQ was performed to assess the empirical basis of prevalence and risk factors of childbirthrelated posttraumatic stress symptoms and PTSD in mothers.
TL;DR: This paper developed a theoretical framework for an explanation of how exploitation and exploration build on each other, in a "cycle of discovery" developed in earlier research and tested empirically, in the sense of seeing whether it can help to reconstruct and understand the emergence of the pharmaceutical industry.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed and analyzed indicators of physical access, affordability, and eligibility barriers to deposit, loan, and payment services, and found substantial cross-country variation in barriers to banking and showed that these barriers can potentially exclude a significant share of the population from using banking services.
Abstract: Using information from 193 banks in 58 countries, the authors develop and analyze indicators of physical access, affordability, and eligibility barriers to deposit, loan, and payment services They find substantial cross-country variation in barriers to banking and show that in many countries these barriers can potentially exclude a significant share of the population from using banking services Correlations with bank- and country-level variables show that bank size and the availability of physical infrastructure are the most robust predictors of barriers Further, the authors find evidence that in more competitive, open, and transparent economies, and in countries with better contractual and informational frameworks, banks impose lower barriers Finally, though foreign banks seem to charge higher fees than other banks, in foreign dominated banking systems fees are lower and it is easier to open bank accounts and to apply for loans On the other hand, in systems that are predominantly government-owned, customers pay lower fees but also face greater restrictions in terms of where to apply for loans and how long it takes to have applications processed These findings have important implications for policy reforms to broaden access
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how, when and to what extent HR practices affect performance at the employee level in Eritrea and found that the Eritrean economic and political environment within which HR practices operate has not conducive in maximizing the impact of HR practices on performance.
Abstract: In this article, the authors examine how, when and to what extent HR practices affect performance at the employee level. As performance is a multi-faceted and complicated concept, HRM outcomes were used as mediating factors between HR practices and employee performance. The data were collected among civil servants in Eritrea, Africa's youngest and poorest country. Although the results generally are in line with previous studies using Western data, their implications in this particular country may be different. Therefore, the challenges and prospects of HR practices in Eritrean civil service organizations are critically analysed and discussed. In the authors' opinion, that the Eritrean economic and political environment within which HR practices operate has not been conducive in maximizing the impact of HR practices on performance. These findings highlight the situation of most developing countries.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence of priced correlation risk based on prices of index and individual variance risk and show that correlation risk exposure explains the cross-section of option returns well.
Abstract: We study whether exposure to market-wide correlation shocks affects expected option returns, using data on S&P100 index options, options on all components, and stock returns. We present evidence of priced correlation risk based on prices of index and individual variance risk. A trading strategy exploiting priced correlation risk generates a high alpha and is attractive for CRRA investors without frictions. Correlation risk exposure explains the cross-section of index and individual option returns well. The correlation risk premium cannot be exploited with realistic trading frictions, providing a limits to arbitrage interpretation of our ýndings of a high price of correlation risk.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors sort the various aspects of social capital (networks, trust, civism) theoretically and construct an instrument for measuring its multifaceted ness using data from the 1999/2000 wave of the European Values Study survey.
Abstract: This article sorts the various aspects of social capital (networks, trust, civism) theoretically and constructs an instrument for measuring its multifaceted ness. The instrument is validated using data from the 1999/2000 wave of the European Values Study survey. Using the same data, the article describes how social capital, by its various aspects, is distributed geographically among European countries and regions (North, West, South, East), and socially among social categories of European citizens. As far as the geographical distribution of social capital is concerned, there are some particular differences, but, on the whole, European countries and regions, with the possible exception of Northern Europe, appear not to be substantially different in aggregate levels of social capital. In Scan dinavia, social capital levels tend to be slightly higher, with the exception of family bonding. Some remarkable European patterns are found in regard to the social distribution of social capital. There is evidence of accumulation of human, economic and social capital; social capital is strongly gendered and is related to religious beliefs and behaviour, and to a political left-right stance.
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between children's home literacy environments (HLE) and their literacy development in the first phase of primary school was examined. And the authors found that the HLE had an effect on children's vocabulary scores in first grade, and their general reading comprehension both in first and second grade.
Abstract: This paper deals with the relation between children's home literacy environments (HLE) and their literacy development in the first phase of primary school. On the basis of a broad conceptualisation of the HLE, we identified three home literacy profiles (rich, child-directed and poor HLE). Firstly, we related these profiles to socio-cultural factors (more specifically, ethnicity and socio-economic status [SES]). We found an association between the HLE and ethnicity/SES, indicating that (Dutch) majority children and children from high SES families had, in general, the most stimulating HLEs. On the other hand, we observed considerable variability in HLEs within ethnic minority and low SES groups. Subsequently, we related the HLE profiles to literacy outcomes in kindergarten, first and second grade. We found that, after controlling for relevant background characteristics, the HLE had an effect on children's vocabulary scores in first grade, and their general reading comprehension both in first and second grade.
TL;DR: Many studies have investigated the determinants of product innovation in small firms, suggesting product, firm, market and innovation process factors are its key drivers of success as mentioned in this paper, and they have found that product, market, and process factors were the most important determinants.
Abstract: Many studies have investigated the determinants of product innovation in small firms, suggesting product, firm, market and innovation process factors are its key drivers of success. Variations acro...
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of an Australian product-harm crisis faced by Kraft peanut butter was used to quantify the consequences of this crisis on base sales, and on own-and cross-brand short-and long-term effectiveness.
Abstract: Product-harm crises are among a firm's worst nightmares. A firm may experience (i) a loss in baseline sales, (ii) a reduced own effectiveness for its marketing instruments, (iii) an increased cross sensitivity to rival firms' marketing-mix activities, and (iv) a decreased cross impact of its marketing-mix instruments on the sales of competing, unaffected brands. We find that this quadruple jeopardy materialized in a case study of an Australian product-harm crisis faced by Kraft peanut butter. We arrive at this conclusion by using a time-varying error-correction model that quantifies the consequences of this crisis on base sales, and on own-and cross-brand short-and long-term effectiveness. The proposed modeling approach allows managers to make more informed decisions on how to regain the brands' pre-crisis performance levels.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors specify the involvement of the basal ganglia in motor response selection and response inhibition and show that DBS of the STN was associated with significantly enhanced inhibitory control, as indicated by shorter stop-signal RTs.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to specify the involvement of the basal ganglia in motor response selection and response inhibition. Two samples were studied. The first sample consisted of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) who received deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The second sample consisted of patients who received DBS for the treatment of PD or essential tremor (ET) in the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim). Stop-signal task and go/no-go task performances were studied in both groups. Both groups performed these tasks with (on stimulation) and without (off stimulation) DBS to address the question of whether stimulation is effective in improving choice reaction time (RT) and stop-signal RT. The results show that DBS of the STN was associated with significantly enhanced inhibitory control, as indicated by shorter stop-signal RTs. An additional finding is that DBS of the STN led to significantly shorter choice RT. The effects of DBS on responding and response inhibition were functionally independent. Although DBS of the Vim did not systematically affect task performance in patients with ET, a subgroup of Vim-stimulated PD patients showed enhanced stop-signal RTs in on stimulation versus off stimulation. This result suggests that the change in performance to stop signals may not be directly related to STN function, but rather results from a change in PD function due to DBS in general. The findings are discussed in terms of current functional and neurobiological models that relate basal ganglia function to the selection and inhibition of motor responses.
Book•
19 Jan 2006TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the most recent developments in input-output analysis and their applications is presented, helping us to examine questions such as: which industries are competitive? What are the multiplier effects of an investment program? How do environmental restrictions impact on prices? Linear programming and national accounting are introduced and used to resolve issues such as the choice of technique, the comparative advantage of a national economy, its efficiency and dynamic performance.
Abstract: Input-output analysis is the main tool of applied equilibrium analysis. This textbook provides a systematic survey of the most recent developments in input-output analysis and their applications, helping us to examine questions such as: which industries are competitive? What are the multiplier effects of an investment program? How do environmental restrictions impact on prices? Linear programming and national accounting are introduced and used to resolve issues such as the choice of technique, the comparative advantage of a national economy, its efficiency and dynamic performance. Technological and environmental spillovers are analysed, both at the national level (between industries) and the international level (the measurement of globalisation effects). The book is self-contained, but assumes some familiarity with calculus, matrix algebra, and the microeconomic principle of optimizing behaviour. Exercises and review questions are included at the end of each chapter, and solutions at the end of the book.
TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between four sources of social support (i.e., spouse, relatives and friends, supervisor, and colleagues) and time and strain-based work-to-family and family to work conflict among 444 dual-earners.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of liquidity risk in the pricing of corporate bonds was explored and it was shown that corporate bond returns have signifcant exposures to fluctuations in treasury bond liquidity and equity market liquidity.
Abstract: This paper explores the role of liquidity risk in the pricing of corporate bonds. We show that corporate bond returns have signifcant exposures to fluctuations in treasury bond liquidity and equity market liquidity. Further, this liquidity risk is a priced factor for the expected returns on corporate bonds, and the associated liquidity risk premia help to explain the credit spread puzzle. In terms of expected returns, the total estimated liquidity risk premium is around 0.6% per annum for US long-maturity investment grade bonds. For speculative grade bonds, which have higher exposures to the liquidity factors, the liquidity risk premium is around 1.5% per annum. We find very similar evidence for the liquidity risk exposure of corporate bonds for a sample of European corporate bond prices.
TL;DR: This paper showed that when there is a sanction on defection, trust in others being internally motivated to cooperate is undermined: Participants who had experienced the presence of a sanctioning system trusted others less than participants who had not.