Institution
Toho University
Education•Tokyo, Japan•
About: Toho University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 10634 authors who have published 18178 publications receiving 346300 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōhō Daigaku.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Medicine, Transplantation, Stent
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macro-autophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes.
For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy.
Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation, it is imperative to target by gene knockout or RNA interference more than one autophagy-related protein. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways implying that not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
5,187 citations
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University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, University of Birmingham2, University of Aberdeen3, University of Barcelona4, Cleveland Clinic5, University of Cambridge6, University of Groningen7, University of Lübeck8, University of Oxford9, University of Paris10, Mayo Clinic11, University of Pennsylvania12, Boston University13, Hacettepe University14, Imperial College London15, Statens Serum Institut16, Medical University of Vienna17, Norwich University18, Harvard University19, Toho University20, University of East Anglia21
TL;DR: 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides J. Watts; Arthritis & Rheumatism
Abstract: 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides J. Jennette;R. Falk;P. Bacon;N. Basu;M. Cid;F. Ferrario;L. Flores-Suarez;W. Gross;L. Guillevin;E. Hagen;G. Hoffman;D. Jayne;C. Kallenberg;P. Lamprecht;C. Langford;R. Luqmani;A. Mahr;E. Matteson;P. Merkel;S. Ozen;C. Pusey;N. Rasmussen;A. Rees;D. Scott;U. Specks;J. Stone;K. Takahashi;R. Watts; Arthritis & Rheumatism
4,249 citations
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TL;DR: A recombinant ApoA-I Milano/phospholipid complex administered intravenously for 5 doses at weekly intervals produced significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis as measured by IVUS, and results require confirmation in larger clinical trials with morbidity and mortality end points.
Abstract: ContextAlthough low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
increase risk for coronary disease, no data exist regarding potential benefits
of administration of HDL-C or an HDL mimetic. ApoA-I Milano is a variant of
apolipoprotein A-I identified in individuals in rural Italy who exhibit very
low levels of HDL. Infusion of recombinant ApoA-I Milano–phospholipid
complexes produces rapid regression of atherosclerosis in animal models.ObjectiveWe assessed the effect of intravenous recombinant ApoA-I Milano/phospholipid
complexes (ETC-216) on atheroma burden in patients with acute coronary syndromes
(ACS).DesignThe study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter
pilot trial comparing the effect of ETC-216 or placebo on coronary atheroma
burden measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).SettingTen community and tertiary care hospitals in the United States.PatientsBetween November 2001 and March 2003, 123 patients aged 38 to 82 years
consented, 57 were randomly assigned, and 47 completed the protocol.InterventionsIn a ratio of 1:2:2, patients received 5 weekly infusions of placebo
or ETC-216 at 15 mg/kg or 45 mg/kg. Intravascular ultrasound was performed
within 2 weeks following ACS and repeated after 5 weekly treatments.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary efficacy parameter was the change in percent atheroma volume
(follow-up minus baseline) in the combined ETC-216 cohort. Prespecified secondary
efficacy measures included the change in total atheroma volume and average
maximal atheroma thickness.ResultsThe mean (SD) percent atheroma volume decreased by −1.06% (3.17%)
in the combined ETC-216 group (median, −0.81%; 95% confidence interval
[CI], −1.53% to −0.34%; P = .02 compared
with baseline). In the placebo group, mean (SD) percent atheroma volume increased
by 0.14% (3.09%; median, 0.03%; 95% CI, −1.11% to 1.43%; P = .97 compared with baseline). The absolute reduction in atheroma
volume in the combined treatment groups was −14.1 mm3 or
a 4.2% decrease from baseline (P<.001).ConclusionsA recombinant ApoA-I Milano/phospholipid complex (ETC-216) administered
intravenously for 5 doses at weekly intervals produced significant regression
of coronary atherosclerosis as measured by IVUS. Although promising, these
results require confirmation in larger clinical trials with morbidity and
mortality end points.
1,745 citations
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Teikyo University1, Hiroshima University2, Niigata University3, University of Tsukuba4, Saitama Medical University5, Tokyo Medical and Dental University6, University of Tokyo7, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research8, Kyorin University9, Kyoto University10, National Defense Medical College11, Dokkyo Medical University12, Tohoku University13, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital14, Osaka Medical College15, Kurume University16, International University of Health and Welfare17, Toho University18
TL;DR: The English version of the JSCCR Guidelines 2016 is presented, which can be used as a tool for treating colorectal cancer in actual clinical practice settings and as a guide to obtaining informed consent from patients and choosing the method of treatment for each patient.
Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in Japan, where it accounts for the largest number of deaths from malignant neoplasms in women and the third largest number in men. Many new treatment methods have been developed over the last few decades. The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2010 for the treatment of colorectal cancer (JSCCR Guidelines 2010) have been prepared to show standard treatment strategies for colorectal cancer, to eliminate disparities among institutions in terms of treatment, to eliminate unnecessary treatment and insufficient treatment, and to deepen mutual understanding between health-care professionals and patients by making these Guidelines available to the general public. These Guidelines have been prepared by consensuses reached by the JSCCR Guideline Committee, based on a careful review of the evidence retrieved by literature searches and in view of the medical health insurance system and actual clinical practice settings in Japan. Therefore, these Guidelines can be used as a tool for treating colorectal cancer in actual clinical practice settings. More specifically, they can be used as a guide to obtaining informed consent from patients and choosing the method of treatment for each patient. As a result of the discussions held by the Guideline Committee, controversial issues were selected as Clinical Questions, and recommendations were made. Each recommendation is accompanied by a classification of the evidence and a classification of recommendation categories based on the consensus reached by the Guideline Committee members. Here we present the English version of the JSCCR Guidelines 2010.
1,709 citations
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TL;DR: This study provides the first direct evidence that adiponectin plays a protective role against insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in vivo.
1,376 citations
Authors
Showing all 10661 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paolo Sassone-Corsi | 124 | 493 | 53828 |
Katsuhiko Mikoshiba | 120 | 866 | 62394 |
Yuichi Sugiyama | 107 | 799 | 46197 |
Makoto Kuro-o | 87 | 274 | 31518 |
Ken Ishii | 83 | 537 | 33230 |
S. Ogawa | 82 | 717 | 28677 |
H. Shibuya | 77 | 589 | 24209 |
Daniel F. Kripke | 76 | 261 | 21990 |
Naohiko Seki | 74 | 381 | 18648 |
Masami Hasegawa | 72 | 199 | 33107 |
Koji Yamada | 71 | 810 | 21893 |
Jun Soo Kwon | 70 | 462 | 16957 |
Reed M. Izatt | 67 | 593 | 23001 |
Shigenobu Kanba | 66 | 409 | 16173 |
Mayumi Ono | 65 | 227 | 15363 |