Institution
Tohoku University
Education•Sendai, Japan•
About: Tohoku University is a education organization based out in Sendai, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Magnetization & Population. The organization has 72116 authors who have published 170791 publications receiving 3941714 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōhoku daigaku.
Topics: Magnetization, Population, Alloy, Amorphous solid, Amorphous metal
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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University of Edinburgh1, University of Glasgow2, Johns Hopkins University3, University of Colorado Boulder4, University of the Witwatersrand5, International Military Sports Council6, Aga Khan University7, Medical Research Council8, King George's Medical University9, Kenya Medical Research Institute10, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention11, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh12, University of Bergen13, Tribhuvan University14, University of Barcelona15, Utrecht University16, Emory University17, All India Institute of Medical Sciences18, University of Liverpool19, Boston Children's Hospital20, National Institute of Virology21, University of Zambia22, University of Health Sciences Antigua23, National Health Laboratory Service24, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention25, Austral University26, University of Michigan27, Vanderbilt University28, University of New South Wales29, University of Auckland30, University of Otago31, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala32, University of Jordan33, University of Maryland, Baltimore34, National Scientific and Technical Research Council35, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine36, Pwani University College37, University of Cape Town38, University of Warwick39, Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom40, Tohoku University41, École normale supérieure de Lyon42, John E. Fogarty International Center43, Charité44, Universidad Nacional de Asunción45, Tehran University of Medical Sciences46, Robert Koch Institute47, University of London48, University of New Mexico49, Capital Medical University50, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium51, Innlandet Hospital Trust52, Columbia University53, Mahidol University54, University of Pretoria55, Thailand Ministry of Public Health56, Peking Union Medical College57, Nagasaki University58, Public Health Foundation of India59
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions.
1,470 citations
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TL;DR: Band structure engineering in a van der Waals heterostructure composed of a monolayer graphene flake coupled to a rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate is demonstrated, resulting in an unexpectedly large band gap at charge neutrality.
Abstract: van der Waals heterostructures constitute a new class of artificial materials formed by stacking atomically thin planar crystals. We demonstrated band structure engineering in a van der Waals heterostructure composed of a monolayer graphene flake coupled to a rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate. The spatially varying interlayer atomic registry results in both a local breaking of the carbon sublattice symmetry and a long-range moire superlattice potential in the graphene. In our samples, this interplay between short- and long-wavelength effects resulted in a band structure described by isolated superlattice minibands and an unexpectedly large band gap at charge neutrality. This picture is confirmed by our observation of fractional quantum Hall states at ± 5 3 filling and features associated with the Hofstadter butterfly at ultrahigh magnetic fields.
1,454 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that moiré superlattices arising in bilayer graphene coupled to hexagonal boron nitride provide a periodic modulation with ideal length scales of the order of ten nanometres, enabling unprecedented experimental access to the fractal spectrum.
Abstract: Moire superlattices arising in bilayer graphene coupled to hexagonal boron nitride provide a periodic potential modulation on a length scale ideally suited to studying the fractal features of the Hofstadter energy spectrum in large magnetic fields. In 1976 Douglas Hofstadter predicted that electrons in a lattice subjected to electrostatic and magnetic fields would show a characteristic energy spectrum determined by the interplay between two quantizing fields. The expected spectrum would feature a repeating butterfly-shaped motif, known as Hofstadter's butterfly. The experimental realization of the phenomenon has proved difficult because of the problem of producing a sufficiently disorder-free superlattice where the length scales for magnetic and electric field can truly compete with each other. Now that goal has been achieved — twice. Two groups working independently produced superlattices by placing ultraclean graphene (Ponomarenko et al.) or bilayer graphene (Kim et al.) on a hexagonal boron nitride substrate and crystallographically aligning the films at a precise angle to produce moire pattern superstructures. Electronic transport measurements on the moire superlattices provide clear evidence for Hofstadter's spectrum. The demonstrated experimental access to a fractal spectrum offers opportunities for the study of complex chaotic effects in a tunable quantum system. Electrons moving through a spatially periodic lattice potential develop a quantized energy spectrum consisting of discrete Bloch bands. In two dimensions, electrons moving through a magnetic field also develop a quantized energy spectrum, consisting of highly degenerate Landau energy levels. When subject to both a magnetic field and a periodic electrostatic potential, two-dimensional systems of electrons exhibit a self-similar recursive energy spectrum1. Known as Hofstadter’s butterfly, this complex spectrum results from an interplay between the characteristic lengths associated with the two quantizing fields1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, and is one of the first quantum fractals discovered in physics. In the decades since its prediction, experimental attempts to study this effect have been limited by difficulties in reconciling the two length scales. Typical atomic lattices (with periodicities of less than one nanometre) require unfeasibly large magnetic fields to reach the commensurability condition, and in artificially engineered structures (with periodicities greater than about 100 nanometres) the corresponding fields are too small to overcome disorder completely11,12,13,14,15,16,17. Here we demonstrate that moire superlattices arising in bilayer graphene coupled to hexagonal boron nitride provide a periodic modulation with ideal length scales of the order of ten nanometres, enabling unprecedented experimental access to the fractal spectrum. We confirm that quantum Hall features associated with the fractal gaps are described by two integer topological quantum numbers, and report evidence of their recursive structure. Observation of a Hofstadter spectrum in bilayer graphene means that it is possible to investigate emergent behaviour within a fractal energy landscape in a system with tunable internal degrees of freedom.
1,438 citations
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TL;DR: A neodymium oxide with relative 143Nd/144Nd ratio 1.000503±1(1 σm) to LaJolla Nd was prepared as a new isotopic reference as mentioned in this paper.
1,431 citations
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Kanazawa Medical University1, Kansai Medical University2, Kanazawa University3, Sapporo Medical University4, University of Toyama5, Okayama University6, Nagoya University7, Shinshu University8, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital9, Tohoku University10, Kyushu University11, University of Tsukuba12, Kyoto University13, Keio University14, Kagoshima University15, Fujita Health University16, Nagoya City University17
TL;DR: The comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD are practically useful for general physicians and nonspecialists and have increased the sensitivity of diagnosis to 100% for Igg4-related MD, KD, and AIP.
Abstract: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a novel clinical disease entity characterized by elevated serum IgG4 concentration and tumefaction or tissue infiltration by IgG4+ plasma cells Although IgG4-RD is not rare and is clinically important, its clinical diagnostic criteria have not been established Comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD, including the involvement of various organs, are intended for the practical use of general physicians and nonspecialists Two IgG4-RD study groups, the Umehara and Okazaki teams, were organized by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Japan As IgG4-RD comprises a wide variety of diseases, these groups consist of physicians and researchers in various disciplines, including rheumatology, hematology, gastroenterology, nephrology, pulmonology, ophthalmology, odontology, pathology, statistics, and basic and molecular immunology throughout Japan, with 66 and 56 members of the Umehara and Okazaki teams, respectively Collaborations of the two study groups involved detailed analyses of clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and biopsy specimens of patients with IgG4-RD, resulting in the establishment of comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD Although many patients with IgG4-RD have lesions in several organs, either synchronously or metachronously, and the pathological features of each organ differ, consensus has been reached on two diagnostic criteria for IgG4RD: (1) serum IgG4 concentration >135 mg/dl, and (2) >40% of IgG+ plasma cells being IgG4+ and >10 cells/high powered field of biopsy sample Although the comprehensive diagnostic criteria are not sufficiently sensitive for the diagnosis of type 1 IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis (IgG4-related AIP), they are adequately sensitive for IgG4-related Mikulicz’s disease (MD) and kidney disease (KD) In addition, the comprehensive diagnostic criteria, combined with organ-specific diagnostic criteria, have increased the sensitivity of diagnosis to 100% for IgG4-related MD, KD, and AIP Our comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD are practically useful for general physicians and nonspecialists
1,417 citations
Authors
Showing all 72477 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Aaron R. Folsom | 181 | 1118 | 134044 |
Marc G. Caron | 173 | 674 | 99802 |
Masayuki Yamamoto | 171 | 1576 | 123028 |
Kenji Watanabe | 167 | 2359 | 129337 |
Rodney S. Ruoff | 164 | 666 | 194902 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |
Takashi Taniguchi | 152 | 2141 | 110658 |
Yoshio Bando | 147 | 1234 | 80883 |
Thomas P. Russell | 141 | 1012 | 80055 |
Ali Khademhosseini | 140 | 887 | 76430 |
Marco Colonna | 139 | 512 | 71166 |
David H. Barlow | 133 | 786 | 72730 |
Lin Gu | 130 | 868 | 56157 |
Yoichiro Iwakura | 129 | 705 | 64041 |