Tohoku University

About: Tohoku University is a education organization based out in Sendai, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Magnetization & Population. The organization has 72116 authors who have published 170791 publications receiving 3941714 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōhoku daigaku.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract: A 28-year-old woman presents with a 7-month history of recurrent, crampy pain in the left lower abdominal quadrant, bloating with abdominal distention, and frequent, loose stools. She reports having had similar but milder symptoms since childhood. She spends long times in the bathroom because she is worried about uncontrollable discomfort and fecal soiling if she does not completely empty her bowels before leaving the house. She feels anxious and fatigued and is frustrated that her previous physician did not seem to take her distress seriously. Physical examination is unremarkable except for tenderness over the left lower quadrant. How should her case be evaluated and treated?

Naturalnes in supersymmetric GUTS

Abstract: Requiring the naturalness as defined by Veltman (radiative corrections should not disturb the gauge hierarchy in the Born term), supersymmetric grand unified theory based on the standard SU (5) is constructed. Supersymmetry must be unbroken above TeV energies. Renormalization-group analysis gives sin2θ W (M W ) and α c in agreement with experimental values. The unification massMGUT is larger than the standard model and hence proton lives longer.

Cellulose hydrolysis in subcritical and supercritical water

Abstract: In this paper we propose a new method to hydrolyze cellulose rapidly in supercritical water (SCW) to recover glucose, fructose and oligomers (cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, etc.). Cellulose decomposition experiments were conducted with a flow type reactor in the range of temperature from 290 to 400°C at 25 MPa. A high pressure slurry feeder was developed to feed the cellulose–water slurries. Hydrolysis product yields (around 75%) in supercritical water were much higher than those in subcritical water. At a low temperature region, the glucose or oligomer conversion rate was much faster than the hydrolysis rate of cellulose. Thus, even if the hydrolysis products, such as glucose or oligomers, are formed, their further decomposition rapidly takes place and thus high yields of hydrolysis products cannot be obtained. However, around the critical point, the hydrolysis rate jumps to more than an order of magnitude higher level and becomes faster than the glucose or oligomer decomposition rate. This is the reason why we obtained a high yield of hydrolysis products in supercritical water.

Is the ρ Meson a Dynamical Gauge Boson of Hidden Local Symmetry

Abstract: We suggest that the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson is a dynamical gauge boson of a hidden local symmetry in the non-linear chiral Lagrangian. The origin of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-meson mass is understood as the Higgs mechanism of the hidden local symmetry. The low-energy dynamics of $\ensuremath{\rho}$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, and matter fields, including the Kawarabayashi-Suzuki-Riazuddin-Fayyazuddin relation and $\ensuremath{\rho}$-coupling universality, is consistently described in this new framework. The electromagnetic interaction can be introduced in a unique manner, which gives a successful explanation of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ dominance of the photon coupling.

Defect characterization in graphene and carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract: This review discusses advances that have been made in the study of defect-induced double-resonance processes in nanographite, graphene and carbon nanotubes, mostly coming from combining Raman spectroscopic experiments with microscopy studies and from the development of new theoretical models The disorder-induced peak frequencies and intensities are discussed, with particular emphasis given to how the disorder-induced features evolve with increasing amounts of disorder We address here two systems, ion-bombarded graphene and nanographite, where disorder is represented by point defects and boundaries, respectively Raman spectroscopy is used to study the ‘atomic structure’ of the defect, making it possible, for example, to distinguish between zigzag and armchair edges, based on selection rules of phonon scattering Finally, a different concept is discussed, involving the effect that defects have on the lineshape of Raman-allowed peaks, owing to local electron and phonon energy renormalization Such effects can be observed by near-field optical measurements on the G ′ feature for doped single-walled carbon nanotubes