Tokyo Institute of Technology

About: Tokyo Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Tôkyô, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 46775 authors who have published 101656 publications receiving 2357893 citations. The organization is also known as: Tokyo Tech & Tokodai.

Enhanced piezoelectric properties of barium titanate single crystals with different engineered-domain sizes

Abstract: For tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystals, an electric field (E-field) applied along the [111]c direction can induce an engineered-domain configuration in these crystals. In this study, such engineered-domain configurations of different domain sizes were induced in BaTiO3 single crystals, and their piezoelectric properties were investigated as a function of domain size. Prior to this study, the dependences of the domain configuration on the temperature and E-field were investigated using a polarizing microscope in order to understand the optimum poling condition for fine- and coarse-domain configurations. We found that above the Curie temperature (TC) of 132.2 °C, when an E-field above 6.0kV∕cm was applied along the [111]c direction, an engineered domain with a fine-domain configuration appeared. Moreover, it was also found that this fine-domain configuration remained stable at room temperature without the E-field. On the other hand, the coarse-domain configuration was obtained upon poling a...

Dynamic structural changes at LiMn2O4/electrolyte interface during lithium battery reaction.

Abstract: Gaining a thorough understanding of the reactions on the electrode surfaces of lithium batteries is critical for designing new electrode materials suitable for high-power, long-life operation. A technique for directly observing surface structural changes has been developed that employs an epitaxial LiMn(2)O(4) thin-film model electrode and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Epitaxial LiMn(2)O(4) thin films with restricted lattice planes (111) and (110) are grown on SrTiO(3) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. In situ SXRD studies have revealed dynamic structural changes that reduce the atomic symmetry at the electrode surface during the initial electrochemical reaction. The surface structural changes commence with the formation of an electric double layer, which is followed by surface reconstruction when a voltage is applied in the first charge process. Transmission electron microscopy images after 10 cycles confirm the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on both the (111) and (110) surfaces and Mn dissolution from the (110) surface. The (111) surface is more stable than the (110) surface. The electrode stability of LiMn(2)O(4) depends on the reaction rate of SEI formation and the stability of the reconstructed surface structure.

A DNA-lipid complex in organic media and formation of an aligned cast film

Abstract: A novel DNA−lipid complex is prepared by replacing sodium counter cations by cationic amphiphilic lipids (1). The DNA−lipid complex is insoluble in aqueous solutions, but is soluble in most organic media such as benzene, ethanol, and chloroform. The DNA−lipid complex was confirmed to form double helical strands even in organic media, and the internal conformation of DNA strands could be reversibly changed from B-form to C-form in the organic solution (CHCl3/EtOH = 4:1) by changing the water content. A self-standing, water-insoluble DNA−lipid (1) film was prepared by casting from the organic solution and could be stretched to produce oriented DNA strands with their axes aligned along the stretching direction. The film can be impregnated with the drug ethidium bromide in the aqueous solution. The linear dichroism characteristics of the drug−DNA film show that the DNA strands are well oriented and the ethidium molecules are intercalated, as they are in normal aqueous solutions.

Measurement of the muon reconstruction performance of the ATLAS detector using 2011 and 2012 LHC proton-proton collision data

Abstract: This paper presents the performance of the ATLAS muon reconstruction during the LHC run with pp collisions at root s = 7-8 TeV in 2011-2012, focusing mainly on data collected in 2012. Measurements ...