Tokyo Institute of Technology

About: Tokyo Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Tôkyô, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 46775 authors who have published 101656 publications receiving 2357893 citations. The organization is also known as: Tokyo Tech & Tokodai.

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider

Abstract: Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, completes the matrix of particles and interactions that has constituted the “Standard Model” for several decades. This model is a consistent and predictive theory, which has so far proven successful at describing all phenomena accessible to collider experiments. However, several experimental facts do require the extension of the Standard Model and explanations are needed for observations such as the abundance of matter over antimatter, the striking evidence for dark matter and the non-zero neutrino masses. Theoretical issues such as the hierarchy problem, and, more in general, the dynamical origin of the Higgs mechanism, do likewise point to the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. This report contains the description of a novel research infrastructure based on a highest-energy hadron collider with a centre-of-mass collision energy of 100 TeV and an integrated luminosity of at least a factor of 5 larger than the HL-LHC. It will extend the current energy frontier by almost an order of magnitude. The mass reach for direct discovery will reach several tens of TeV, and allow, for example, to produce new particles whose existence could be indirectly exposed by precision measurements during the earlier preceding e+e– collider phase. This collider will also precisely measure the Higgs self-coupling and thoroughly explore the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking at the TeV scale, to elucidate the nature of the electroweak phase transition. WIMPs as thermal dark matter candidates will be discovered, or ruled out. As a single project, this particle collider infrastructure will serve the world-wide physics community for about 25 years and, in combination with a lepton collider (see FCC conceptual design report volume 2), will provide a research tool until the end of the 21st century. Collision energies beyond 100 TeV can be considered when using high-temperature superconductors. The European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) update 2013 stated “To stay at the forefront of particle physics, Europe needs to be in a position to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project at CERN by the time of the next Strategy update”. The FCC study has implemented the ESPP recommendation by developing a long-term vision for an “accelerator project in a global context”. This document describes the detailed design and preparation of a construction project for a post-LHC circular energy frontier collider “in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide”, and enhanced by a strong participation of industrial partners. Now, a coordinated preparation effort can be based on a core of an ever-growing consortium of already more than 135 institutes worldwide. The technology for constructing a high-energy circular hadron collider can be brought to the technology readiness level required for constructing within the coming ten years through a focused R&D programme. The FCC-hh concept comprises in the baseline scenario a power-saving, low-temperature superconducting magnet system based on an evolution of the Nb3Sn technology pioneered at the HL-LHC, an energy-efficient cryogenic refrigeration infrastructure based on a neon-helium (Nelium) light gas mixture, a high-reliability and low loss cryogen distribution infrastructure based on Invar, high-power distributed beam transfer using superconducting elements and local magnet energy recovery and re-use technologies that are already gradually introduced at other CERN accelerators. On a longer timescale, high-temperature superconductors can be developed together with industrial partners to achieve an even more energy efficient particle collider or to reach even higher collision energies.The re-use of the LHC and its injector chain, which also serve for a concurrently running physics programme, is an essential lever to come to an overall sustainable research infrastructure at the energy frontier. Strategic R&D for FCC-hh aims at minimising construction cost and energy consumption, while maximising the socio-economic impact. It will mitigate technology-related risks and ensure that industry can benefit from an acceptable utility. Concerning the implementation, a preparatory phase of about eight years is both necessary and adequate to establish the project governance and organisation structures, to build the international machine and experiment consortia, to develop a territorial implantation plan in agreement with the host-states’ requirements, to optimise the disposal of land and underground volumes, and to prepare the civil engineering project. Such a large-scale, international fundamental research infrastructure, tightly involving industrial partners and providing training at all education levels, will be a strong motor of economic and societal development in all participating nations. The FCC study has implemented a set of actions towards a coherent vision for the world-wide high-energy and particle physics community, providing a collaborative framework for topically complementary and geographically well-balanced contributions. This conceptual design report lays the foundation for a subsequent infrastructure preparatory and technical design phase.

Combinatorial solid-state chemistry of inorganic materials

Abstract: Throughout history, scientists and engineers have relied on the slow and serendipitous trial-and-error process for discovering and developing new materials. In contrast, an emerging theme in modern materials science is the notion of intelligent design of materials. Pioneered by the pharmaceutical industry and adapted for the purposes of materials science and engineering, the combinatorial approach represents a watershed in the process of accelerated discovery, development and optimization of materials. To survey large compositional landscapes rapidly, thousands of compositionally varying samples may be synthesized, processed and screened in a single experiment. Recent developments have been aided by innovative rapid characterization tools, and by advanced materials synthesis techniques such as laser molecular beam epitaxy which can be used to perform parallel-processed design and control of materials down to the atomic scale. Here we review the fast-growing field of combinatorial materials science, with an emphasis on inorganic functional materials.

Nuclear spin driven quantum tunneling of magnetization in a new lanthanide single-molecule magnet: bis(phthalocyaninato)holmium anion.

Abstract: The first measurements of magnetization hysteresis loops on a diluted single crystal of [(Pc)2Ho]-·TBA+ (Pc = phthalocyaninato, TBA = tetrabutylammonium) in the subkelvin temperature range are reported. Characteristic staircase-like structure was observed, indicating the occurrence of the quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM), which is a characteristic feature of SMMs. The quantum process in the new lanthanide SMMs is due to resonant quantum tunneling between entangled states of the electronic and nuclear spin systems, which is an essentially different mechanism from those of the known transition-metal-cluster SMMs. Evidence of the two-body quantum process was also observed for the first time in lanthanide complex systems.

Synthesis of Thermally Sensitive Water-Soluble Polymethacrylates by Living Anionic Polymerizations of Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylates

Abstract: Anionic polymerizations of 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate (1), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (2), and 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl methacrylate (3) were carried out with 1,1-diphenyl-3-methylpentyllithium/lithium chloride and diphenylmethylpotassium/diethylzinc in THF at −78 °C for 2−4 h. The resulting polymers possessed the predicted molecular weights based on the molar ratios between monomers to initiators and the narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.1). The stability of the propagating chain ends of poly(2) and poly(3) was confirmed by the quantitative efficiency in the reversible sequential block copolymerizations between 2 and 3. New block copolymers having well-defined chain structures, poly(2)-block-poly(3), poly(3)-block-poly(2), polystyrene-block-poly(1), polystyrene-block-poly(2), and polystyrene-block-poly(3), were anionically synthesized. Both the solubility and the cloud point of polymers strongly depended on the length of hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) unit. Poly(2...