Showing papers by "Tokyo University of Science published in 1998"

Photocatalytic O2 evolution under visible light irradiation on BiVO4 in aqueous AgNO3 solution

Abstract: BiVO4 with a 2.3 eV band gap showed an activity for O2 evolution from aqueous solutions containing Ag+ as an electron scavenger under visible light irradiation (λ > 520 nm). The quantum yield was 0.5% at 450 nm.

Novel polyion complex micelles entrapping enzyme molecules in the core: Preparation of narrowly-distributed micelles from lysozyme and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer in aqueous medium

Abstract: A core−shell-type supramolecular assembly, a polyion complex micelle, was prepared in this study from chicken egg white lysozyme and poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer (PEG-P(Asp)) through electrostatic interaction in aqueous medium. Lysozyme/PEG-P(Asp) micelles thus prepared had an extremely narrow distribution (μ2/Γ2 < 0.04) with an average diameter of 47 nm in dynamic light scattering measurements. No precipitate formation was observed even after 1 month standing at ambient temperature, suggesting that the system is in a thermodynamic equilibrium state. The stoichiometry in terms of the molar ratio of Lys and Arg residues in lysozyme and Asp residues in PEG-P(Asp) was confirmed by dynamic and static light scattering as well as by laser-Doppler electrophoresis measurements. A change in the apparent molar mass of the micelle with varying PEG-P(Asp)/lysozyme ratio in the region with excess lysozyme agreed well with calculated values if a cooperative association mechanism is assumed ...

Asymptotics for large time of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger and Hartree equations

Abstract: We study the asymptotic behavior in time of solutions to the Cauchy problems for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a critical power nonlinearity and the Hartree equation. We prove the existence of modified scattering states and the sharp time decay estimate in the uniform norm of solutions to the Cauchy problem with small initial data. This estimate is very important for the proof of the existence of modified scattering states to the nonlinear Schrodinger equations with a critical nonlinearity and the Hartree equation. In order to derive the desired estimates we introduce a certain phase function since the previous methods, based solely on a priori estimates of the operator x + it ∇ acting on the solution without specifying any phase function, do not work for the critical case under consideration. The well-known nonexistence of the usual L 2 scattering states shows that our result is sharp.

The Reactive Polymeric Micelle Based on An Aldehyde-Ended Poly(ethylene glycol)/Poly(lactide) Block Copolymer

Abstract: Formation of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide (PEG/PLA) block copolymers was accomplished by using potassium alkoxides to initiate the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide, with the living chain end initiating the polymerization of lactide. By using potassium 3,3-diethoxypropoxide as an initiator, block copolymers with an acetal moiety at the PEG chain end, which was later converted into an aldehyde group, were obtained. The amphiphilic block copolymers formed micelles in aqueous milieu. The conversion of acetal end groups to aldehyde groups was carried out by an acid treatment using 0.01 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid. The extent of the conversion attained was >90%, without any side reaction such as aldol condensation. The micellar structure may play an important role in preventing a possible aldol condensation between the neighboring two aldehyde groups at the PEG chain end. From dynamic light scattering measurements, no angular dependence of the scaled characteristic line width was observ...

Exciton localization in InGaN quantum well devices

Abstract: Emission mechanisms of a device-quality quantum well (QW) structure and bulk three dimensional (3D) InGaN materials grown on sapphire substrates without any epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN base layers were investigated. The InxGa1−xN layers showed various degrees of in-plane spatial potential (band gap) inhomogeneity, which is due to a compositional fluctuation or a few monolayers thickness fluctuation. The degree of fluctuation changed remarkably around a nominal InN molar fraction x=0.2, which changes to nearly 0.08–0.1 for the strained InxGa1−xN. This potential fluctuation induces localized energy states both in the QW and 3D InGaN, showing a large Stokes-like shift. The spontaneous emission from undoped InGaN single QW light-emitting diodes (LEDs), undoped 3D LEDs, and multiple QW (MQW) laser diode (LD) wafers was assigned as being due to the recombination of excitons localized at the potential minima, whose lateral size was determined by cathodoluminescence mapping to vary from less than 60 to 300 nm...

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, KM043, a New Potent Inhibitor of Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases and HIV-Reverse Transcriptase Type 1 from a Marine Red Alga, Gigartina tenella.

Abstract: A new sulfolipid, KM043, which belongs to the 6-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→3')-1', 2'-diacylglycerol (SQDG) class of compounds, has been isolated from a marine red alga, Gigartina tenella, as a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases and HIV-reverse transcriptase type 1. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic and gas chromatographic analyses. The inhibition was dose-dependent, and complete (more than 90%)inhibition of DNA polymerase α (pol. α), DNA polymerase β (pol. β) and HIV-reverse transcriptase type 1 (HIV-RT) was observed at concentrations of 5, 10, and 30 μM, respectively.

BASH, a novel signaling molecule preferentially expressed in B cells of the bursa of Fabricius.

Abstract: The bursa of Fabricius is a gut-associated lymphoid organ that is essential for the generation of a diversified B cell repertoire in the chicken. We describe here a novel gene preferentially expressed in bursal B cells. The gene encodes an 85-kDa protein, designated BASH (B cell adaptor containing SH2 domain), that contains N-terminal acidic domains with SH2 domain-binding phosphotyrosine-based motifs, a proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. BASH shows a substantial sequence similarity to SLP-76, an adaptor protein functioning in TCR-signal transduction. BASH becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated with the B cell Ag receptor (BCR) cross-link or by coexpression with Syk and Lyn and associates with signaling molecules including Syk and a putative chicken Shc homologue. Overexpression of BASH results in suppression of the NF-AT activation induced by BCR-cross-linking. These findings suggest that BASH is involved in BCR-mediated signal transduction and could play a critical role in B cell development in the bursa.

Band gap energies of bulk, thin-film, and epitaxial layers of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2

Abstract: Band gap and excitonic resonance energies of high-quality bulk single crystals, polycrystalline thin films, and epitaxial layers of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 were determined as a function of temperature by means of photoreflectance, optical absorption (OA), and photoluminescence measurements. OA spectra were fit including excitonic absorption from low temperature up to room temperature (RT). The band gap energy of 1.032 eV and free exciton (FE) resonance energy of 1.024 eV were obtained at RT for strain-free CuInSe2 giving an exciton binding energy of 7.5 meV. The band gap energy of both CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 was found to be essentially independent of the molar ratio of Cu to group-III atom (Cu/III) for near-stoichiometric and Cu-rich samples. The disappearance of the FE absorption in the In-rich (Cu/In<0.88) CuInSe2 thin films was explained by plasma screening of Coulomb interactions. A slight decrease in the band gap energy of the In-rich films was attributed to a degradation of film quality such as high-density defects, grains, and structural disordering. The fundamental band gap energy in strained CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 epilayers was shown to decrease due to in-plane biaxial tensile strain.

Cross-Linking CD21/CD35 or CD19 Increases Both B7-1 and B7-2 Expression on Murine Splenic B Cells

Abstract: Activation of the complement cascade and ligation of complement C3 receptors on B cells represent an important bridge between innate and Ag-specific acquired immunity. We show here that cross-linking of mouse CD21 (complement receptor type 2, CR2, C3d receptor) and CD35 (complement receptor type 1, CR1, C3b/C4b receptor) or co-cross-linking of CD21/CD35 and surface IgM rapidly up-regulates both B7-1 and B7-2 expression on murine resting splenic B cells. CD21/CD35-mediated up-regulation of both B7-1 and B7-2 expression is observed within 14 h, while other stimuli up-regulate only B7-2 but not B7-1 at this early time point. Consistent with the increase in B7 levels, BALB/c B cells on which surface IgM and CD21/CD35 have been co-cross-linked stimulate C57BL/6 T cells more effectively than controls. This CD21/CD35-enhanced allogeneic MLR is blocked nearly completely by anti-B7-2 mAbs and partially by anti-B7-1 mAbs. In addition, cross-linking of CD19, which is physically associated with CD21/CD35, leads to increased B7-1 and B7-2 expression. These data suggest that CD21/CD35 ligation results in enhanced B cell Ag presentation using costimulatory mechanisms shared with other activators and thus works cooperatively in this process. Rapid up-regulation of B7-1 expression, a unique response to CD21/CD35 and CD19 cross-linking, may be a particularly important effect of C3-containing ligands. We propose that CD21/CD35- and CD19-mediated B7-1 and B7-2 up-regulation is an important mechanism by which complement activation links innate and acquired immunity.

Oxygen Reduction Characteristics of Heat‐Treated Catalysts Based on Cobalt‐Porphyrin Ion Complexes

Abstract: Oxygen reduction characteristics of graphite electrodes modified with aggregated cobalt-porphyrins heat-treated at various temperatures and then impregnated in Nafion polymer were investigated systematically. The aggregated cobalt-porphyrin compound was adsorbed on graphite powder and then heat-treated at various temperatures ranging from 200 through 1200 °C. The catalysts were evaluated for electroreduction performances of oxygen on modified electrodes in sulfuric acid solutions. The electrocatalytic performances of catalysts as measured in rotating ring-disk electrodes showed that the most effective catalytic activity for oxygen reduction was attained for the aggregated cobalt-porphyrin compounds on graphite powder heat-treated at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. The surface concentration of Co and N as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy increased as the heat-treatment temperature was increased up to 800 °C. The electrochemical performance of pyrolyzed cobalt-porphyrin catalysts changed in parallel with the surface concentration of Co and N. In the temperature range 600-800 °C, it appeared that the increased catalytic activity originated from the well-dispersed Co-N 4 moiety or from fragments of the original molecules still retaining the cobalt bound to nitrogen atoms. In the higher temperature region, Co-N 4 bonds were no longer detected, and the presence of cobalt in the metallic states (β-Co) in the catalysts was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. From the results of the stability tests, the pyrolyzed cobalt porphyrin electrode systems were found to be more stable than the nonheat-treated catalysts.

Prevalence and Characterization of Novel pANCA, Antibodies to the High Mobility Group Non-Histone Chromosomal Proteins HMG1 and HMG2, in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases

Abstract: Objective To determine the immunodiagnostic value of antibodies to the high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2, which have been identified as novel target antigens of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA), in sera from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Methods Anti-HMG1 or HMG2 antibody was assayed by ELISA and Western blotting in sera from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. These antibodies were analyzed for the relationship with pANCA detected by indirect immunofluorescence in these diseases, and with clinical features in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Results Anti-HMG1 or HMG2 antibody was frequently detected in sera from patients with RA (48%), SLE (45%), Sjogren's syndrome (SS) (44%), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) (41%). In these diseases, anti-HMG1 antibody was detected more frequently than anti-HMG2 antibody. In sera from patients with RA, the positivity for anti-HMG1 and HMG2 antibodies was significantly correlated with the positivity for pANCA (p Conclusion Anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies are detected commonly in systemic rheumatic diseases, particularly in RA, SLE, SS, and SSc. HMGI and HMG2 seem to be the significant target antigens of pANCA in RA. These antibodies are significantly associated with disease activity indices in RA and SLE.

Luminescence spectra from InGaN multiquantum wells heavily doped with Si

Abstract: A systematic study has been carried out on emission spectra of heavily Si-doped InGaN multiquantum wells with different degree of potential fluctuation of InGaN in the lateral plane by the use of the various excitation sources. It is demonstrated that the quantum-confined Stark effect due to the piezoelectric field plays no serious role in optical spectra under appropriate doping conditions and, then, the degree of potential fluctuation of InGaN alloys is clearly reflected in spontaneous emission spectra.

Requirement for p56(lck) tyrosine kinase activation in Th subset differentiation.

Abstract: The lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56 lck (Lck) is well documented with regard to its role in regulating T cell activation and thymocyte development through delivery of signals via the mature ab TCR as well as the pre-TCR. Little is known, however, about the role of Lck in Th cell subset differentiation in the periphery. Here, we assess the requirement for tyrosine kinase activation of Lck in Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation by using a dominant-negative Lck (DLGKR) transgenic (Tg) mice under the control of a lck distal promoter that directs high expression in mature T cells, in which splenic CD4 T cells developed normally. This Tg mouse provides a good experimental model system to investigate the roles of Lck in mature T cell function in vivo .W e show that the catalytically inactive Lck protein at about twice-normal concentrations inhibits Th2 subset differentiation in vivo and in vitro, whilst leaving the maturation of the other T cell subset, Th1, intact. These data indicate a requirement for Lck activity in Th2 cell differentiation, and a differential dependence for Lck activity between Th2 and Th1 cell differentiation.

Prevalence and characterization of perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) directed against HMG1 and HMG2 in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Abstract: In a previous study, we reported that the high mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 were novel target antigens of P-ANCA. In this study, we determined the immunodiagnostic value of anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies in patients with UC. Sixty sera from patients with UC were tested for reactivity with HMG1 and HMG2 by means of ELISA. Anti-HMG1 antibody was detected in 32% of patients (40% of P-ANCA+ patients). Anti-HMG2 antibody was detected in 33% (40% of P-ANCA+ patients). Thirty-five percent of sera were positive for antibody to either HMG1 or HMG2 (43% of P-ANCA+ patients). P-ANCA+ patients expressed anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies with significantly greater frequency compared with P-ANCA− patients. Furthermore, the anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies were significantly related to disease activity in UC. Sixteen of the 18 UC patients, who had high titres of anti-HMG1 or -HMG2 antibody during the active phase, showed lower titres in the inactive phase. Anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies appear to be useful as a marker for disease activity in UC.

Preparation of continuous zirconia fibres from polyzirconoxane synthesized by the facile one-pot reaction

Abstract: A one-pot reaction of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZOC) with ethyl acetoacetate (Hetac) in the presence of triethylamine was investigated. The reaction was carried out in molar ratios of Hetac/ZOC=1.0, 1.5, 2.0 to give highly viscous solutions with good spinnability and stability to self-condensation. Polyzirconoxanes (PZOs) were isolated as white powders by reprecipitation of the solutions with tetrahydrofuron (THF)-hexane that were soluble in acetone, methanol and THF. The molecular weight of PZO was Mn=1000–2000, and was dependent on the molar ratio and the reaction time. Dry spinning of the solution (Hetac/ZOC=1.5) containing 3mol% tris(acetylacetonato)yttrium [Y(acac)3] gave continuous precursor fibres (3.0Y–PZO). Yttria stabilized zirconia fibres of 12–18 μm diameter with a tensile strength of 1.4GPa were obtained by heat treatment of the 3.0Y–PZO at 1100 or 1200 °C. The fibre consisted of submicrometre-sized particles of tetragonal crystallites. © 1998 Chapman & Hall

Shock waves in a uniform bubbly flow

Abstract: An experimental and numerical study of transient shock wave phenomena in a liquid containing noncondensable gas bubbles is presented. Experiments are done in a shock tube with an upwardly directed bubbly flow to obtain a uniform spatial distribution of bubbles. The bubbly flow has an initial gas volume fraction of 0.2%. The bubbles have a radius of 0.6 mm. The liquid used is a silicone oil whose kinematic viscosity is 50×10−6 m2/s. Nitrogen and SF6 gas bubbles are tested to bring out the thermal effects of the bubble interior. The numerical calculation is performed using a modified mathematical model based on Kameda and Matsumoto [Phys. Fluids 8, 322 (1996)]. The transient pressure profiles determined in the experiment for the upwardly bubbly flow agree well quantitatively with those obtained by the numerical calculation using a uniform spatial distribution of bubbles. The SF6 experiment shows that the radial motion of the bubbles should be estimated by solving an equation in which the liquid compressibil...

Effect of the secondary structure of poly(L-lysine) segments on the micellization in aqueous milieu of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine) block copolymer partially substituted with a hydrocinnamoyl group at the N∈-position

Abstract: A series of poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(l-lysine) block copolymers partially substituted in varying degrees with a hydrocinnamoyl group at the Ne-position was prepared by a coupling reaction of hydrocinnamic acid to the e-amino group of the poly(l-lysine) segment of the block copolymer using (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP Reagent) as a condensation reagent. The Ne-substituted block copolymers with less than 90% substitution formed clear solutions in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) by dialyzing from DMSO. Light scattering measurements revealed multimolecular micelle formation for the block copolymers with 65−70% of the substitution degree. The cumulant diameter of the micelles was approximately 40 nm with a moderate polydispersity (μ2/Γ2 ∼ 0.15). A fairly low critical association concentration (∼40 mg/L) was estimated using pyrene as a fluorescence probe molecule. At a pH as high as 11, the block copolymer with a substitution degree even as low as 50%, which ga...

Fabrication of Hybrid Layered Films of MoS2 and an Amphiphilic Ammonium Cation Using the Langmuir−Blodgett Technique

Abstract: Inorganic/organic hybrid ultrathin films of MoS2 and a cationic amphiphile, dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHA+Br-), were prepared using the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. The surface pressure−area isotherms of DHA+Br- changed by introducing exfoliated MoS2 particles into the subphase. On the other hand, the isotherms of icosanoic acid in the presence and absence of MoS2 particles in the subphase were essentially the same. The UV/vis reflection spectra of DHA+(Br-) monolayers on MoS2 suspension showed a broad absorption band assignable to MoS2, whereas that of icosanoic acid did not show any appreciable band. These results suggest the formation of hybrid monolayers consisting of DHA+ and MoS2. The hybrid monolayers were transferred successfully onto substrates using a horizontal lifting method to form LB films. That was confirmed by the infrared and UV/vis absorption spectroscopies and AFM, although the transfer ratios were not determined. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the LB films showed the...

New In2O3(ZnO)m Photocatalysts with Laminal Structure for Visible Light-induced H2 or O2 Evolution from Aqueous Solutions Containing Sacrificial Reagents

Abstract: In2O3(ZnO)m powder with laminal structure like a superlattice showed photocatalytic activities for H2 evolution from an aqueous methanol solution and O2 evolution from an aqueous silver nitrate solution under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Anodic photocurrent was also observed under visible light irradiation (λ > 480 nm) when In2O3(ZnO)m sintered electrodes were employed. The band gaps of In2O3(ZnO)3 and In2O3(ZnO)9 were 2.6 and 2.7eV, respectively, which were smaller than those of In2O3 and ZnO of starting materials.

Proposal of Craurococcus roseus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Paracraurococcus ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., novel aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacteria from soil

Abstract: Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were determined for three strains of aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacteria isolated from soil. The sequences of two strains (NS89Tand NS102) were identical for approximately 1500 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three strains belonged to the α-1 subclass of the Proteobacteria, constituting one line of descent. The three strains are comparatively related to Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus, which is an aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and the DNA-DNA relatedness allow the proposal of two new genera, Craurococcus gen. nov. and Paracraurococcus gen. nov. The type species are Craurococcus roseus sp. nov. and Paracraurococcus ruber sp. nov., and their type strains are NS130T(=JCM 99331T) and NS89T(=JCM 9931T), respectively.

Scattering theory for the Hartree equation

Abstract: We study the scattering problem for the Hartree equation $$ i\partial_t u = -\frac{1}{2} \Delta u + f(|u|^2)u, \quad (t,x) \in {\bold R}\times {\bold R^n}, $$ with initial data $u(0,x) = u_0 (x), x\in{\bold R^n},$ where $f(|u|^2) = V*|u|^2, V(x) = \lambda |x|^{-1}, \lambda \in {\bold R}, n \ge 2.$ We prove that for any $u_0 \in H^{0,\gamma}\cap H^{\gamma,0}$, with $\frac{1}{2} < \gamma < \frac{n}{2}$, such that the value $\epsilon = \|u_0\|_{0,\gamma} + \|u_0\|_{\gamma,0}$ is sufficiently small, there exist unique $u_{\pm}\in H^{\sigma,0} \cap H^{0,\sigma}$ with $ \frac{1}{2} < \sigma < \gamma$ such that for all $|t| \ge 1$ $$ \left\|u(t) - \exp \left(\mp if(|\hat u _{\pm} |^2) \left(\frac{x}{t}\right) \log |t|\right)U(t) u_{\pm}\right\|_{L^2}\le C\epsilon|t|^{-\mu + 7 u }, $$ where $ \mu = \min (1, \frac{\gamma}{2})$, $0 < u < \min (1,\frac{\gamma - \sigma}{12})$, $\hat \varphi$ denotes the Fourier transform of $\varphi$, $U(t)$ is the free Schrodinger evolution group, and $H^{m,s}$ is the weighted So...

Effect of Stress Concentration on Tensile Fracture Behavior of Carbon-Carbon Composites

Abstract: The effect of stress concentrations on tensile fracture behavior of carbon-carbon (C/C) composites was investigated using circularly holed specimens and double-edge-notched (DEN) specimens.As for the circularly holed specimens, the tensile fracture stress was much higher than that estimated from the maximum stress criterion, which suggest that major stress relaxation mechanisms should exist. On the other hand, the linear elastic fracture mechanics can be applied to the DEN specimen, which means the damaged zone should be small enough compared with the notch length. In order to discuss the magnitude of the stress relaxation, damaged regions of the two kinds of testing geometry were estimated using the point stress criterion. The estimation led to remarkable difference in the size of the damaged regions, which will explain the difference in the magnitude of the stress relaxation.Through the observations of fractured specimen, it was deduced that not only the shear deformation but delamination along fiber bu...

Power-divergence-type measure of departure from symmetry for square contingency tables that have nominal categories

Abstract: For square contingency tables that have nominal categories, Tomizawa considered two kinds of measure to represent the degree of departure from symmetry. This paper proposes a generalization of those measures. The proposed measure is expressed by using the average of the power divergence of Cressie and Read, or the average of the diversity index of Patil and Taillie. Special cases of the proposed measure include Tomizawa's measures. The proposed measure would be useful for comparing the degree of departure from symmetry in several tables.

An Ergosterol Peroxide, a Natural Product That Selectively Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Linoleic Acid on DNA Polymerase β

Abstract: As described previously (Mizushina Y., Tanaka N., Yagi H., Kurosawa T., Onoue M., Seto H., Horie T., Aoyagi N., Yamaoka M., Matsukage A., Yoshida S., and Sakaguchi K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1308, 256-262, 1996), linoleic acid (LA) inhibits the activities of mammalian DNA polymerases. We found a natural product from a basidiomycete, Ganoderma lucidum, that enhances this effect of LA in a special manner. The structure was identified to be an ergosterol peroxide, 5, 8-epidioxy-5α, 8α-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3β-ol by spectroscopic analyses. The ergosterol peroxide (EPO) itself scarcely inhibited the activities of calf thymus DNA polymerase α(pol. α) or rat DNA polymerase β(pol. β). However, when EPO at 0.25 mM was present, 10 μM or less of LA almost completely inhibited the pol. β activity, while almost complete inhibition by LA itself was acheived at 80 μM or higher. Interestingly, under the same conditions, EPO did not affect the LA-effect on pol. α. The action mode of the EPO was discussed.

Total Asymmetric Synthesis of Taxol by Dehydration Condensation between 7-TES Baccatin III and Protected N-Benzoylphenylisoserines Prepared by Enantioselective Aldol Reaction

Abstract: Total asymmetric synthesis of Taxol was completed by dehydration condensation between a protected N-benzoylphenylisoserine 4 or 9 and 7-TES baccatin III which was prepared from 8-membered ring enone. Taxol side chains 4, 7, 9 and 11, optically active protected N-benzoylphenylisoserines, were successfully synthesized by enantioselective aldol reaction from two achiral starting materials, benzaldehyde and an enol silyl ether derived from S-ethyl benzyloxyethanethioate.

Detection of anomalous elements, X-ray, and excess heat in a D2-Pd system and its interpretation by the electron-induced nuclear reaction model

Abstract: A new type of experimental apparatus is developed to induce continuous diffusion of deuterium, in which an electrochemical cell for calorimetry and a vacuum chamber for nuclear measurement are divided by a Pd sheet. Continuous X rays ranging from 10 to 100 keV and neutron and excess heat production are observed using the apparatus. Titanium atoms are detected on the surface where deuterium atoms pass through on Pd cathodes after electrolysis. Quantitative discussion shows that the detected Ti atoms cannot be explained by contamination. An electron-induced nuclear reaction (EINR) model for explaining the obtained experimental results is introduced. Experimental support of the EINR model is demonstrated by using multilayer cathodes, in which a layer containing Ca is placed at the near surface of Pd, based on the EINR model.