Tokyo University of Science

About: Tokyo University of Science is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thin film & Enantioselective synthesis. The organization has 15800 authors who have published 24147 publications receiving 438081 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōkyō Rika Daigaku & Science University of Tokyo.

Global Convergence Properties of Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Methods with Modified Secant Condition

Abstract: Conjugate gradient methods are appealing for large scale nonlinear optimization problems. Recently, expecting the fast convergence of the methods, Dai and Liao (2001) used secant condition of quasi-Newton methods. In this paper, we make use of modified secant condition given by Zhang et al. (1999) and Zhang and Xu (2001) and propose a new conjugate gradient method following to Dai and Liao (2001). It is new features that this method takes both available gradient and function value information and achieves a high-order accuracy in approximating the second-order curvature of the objective function. The method is shown to be globally convergent under some assumptions. Numerical results are reported.

Basophils are required for the induction of Th2 immunity to haptens and peptide antigens

Abstract: The relative contributions of basophils and dendritic cells in Th2 skewing to foreign antigen exposure remain unclear. Here we report the ability of basophils to induce Th2 polarization upon epicutaneous sensitization with different antigens using basophil conditionally depleted Bas TRECK transgenic mice. Basophils are responsible for Th2 skewing to haptens and peptide antigens, but not protein antigens in vivo. Consistent with this, basophils cannot take up or process ovalbumin protein in significant quantities, but present ovalbumin peptide to T cells for Th2 differentiation via major histocompatibility complex class II. Intriguingly, basophils promote Th2 skewing upon ovalbumin protein exposure in the presence of dendritic cells. Taken together, our results suggest that basophils alone are able to induce Th2 skewing with haptens and peptide antigens but require dendritic cells for the induction of Th2 for protein antigens upon epicutaneous immunization.

Observation of an anisotropic Dirac cone reshaping and ferrimagnetic spin polarization in an organic conductor

Abstract: The Coulomb interaction among massless Dirac fermions in graphene is unscreened around the isotropic Dirac points, causing a logarithmic velocity renormalization and a cone reshaping. In less symmetric Dirac materials possessing anisotropic cones with tilted axes, the Coulomb interaction can provide still more exotic phenomena, which have not been experimentally unveiled yet. Here, using site-selective nuclear magnetic resonance, we find a non-uniform cone reshaping accompanied by a bandwidth reduction and an emergent ferrimagnetism in tilted Dirac cones that appear on the verge of charge ordering in an organic compound. Our theoretical analyses based on the renormalization-group approach and the Hubbard model show that these observations are the direct consequences of the long-range and short-range parts of the Coulomb interaction, respectively. The cone reshaping and the bandwidth renormalization, as well as the magnetic behaviour revealed here, can be ubiquitous and vital for many Dirac materials.