Tokyo University of Science

About: Tokyo University of Science is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thin film & Enantioselective synthesis. The organization has 15800 authors who have published 24147 publications receiving 438081 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōkyō Rika Daigaku & Science University of Tokyo.

Dietary Sulforaphane-Rich Broccoli Sprouts Reduce Colonization and Attenuate Gastritis in Helicobacter pylori–Infected Mice and Humans

Abstract: The isothiocyanate sulforaphane [SF; 1-isothiocyanato-4(R)-methylsulfinylbutane] is abundant in broccoli sprouts in the form of its glucosinolate precursor (glucoraphanin). SF is powerfully bactericidal against Helicobacter pylori infections, which are strongly associated with the worldwide pandemic of gastric cancer. Oral treatment with SF-rich broccoli sprouts of C57BL/6 female mice infected with H. pylori Sydney strain 1 and maintained on a high-salt (7.5% NaCl) diet reduced gastric bacterial colonization, attenuated mucosal expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, mitigated corpus inflammation, and prevented expression of high salt-induced gastric corpus atrophy. This therapeutic effect was not observed in mice in which the nrf2 gene was deleted, strongly implicating the important role of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins in SF-dependent protection. Forty-eight H. pylori-infected patients were randomly assigned to feeding of broccoli sprouts (70 g/d; containing 420 micromol of SF precursor) for 8 weeks or to consumption of an equal weight of alfalfa sprouts (not containing SF) as placebo. Intervention with broccoli sprouts, but not with placebo, decreased the levels of urease measured by the urea breath test and H. pylori stool antigen (both biomarkers of H. pylori colonization) and serum pepsinogens I and II (biomarkers of gastric inflammation). Values recovered to their original levels 2 months after treatment was discontinued. Daily intake of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts for 2 months reduces H. pylori colonization in mice and improves the sequelae of infection in infected mice and in humans. This treatment seems to enhance chemoprotection of the gastric mucosa against H. pylori-induced oxidative stress.

Water splitting into H2 and O2 over niobate and titanate photocatalysts with (111) plane-type layered perovskite structure

Abstract: Photophysical and photocatalytic properties of A5Nb4O15 (A = Sr and Ba), Ba3LaNb3O12, ALa4Ti4O15 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba), and La4Ti3O12 with layered perovskite structures, in which a plane in parallel with (111) of a simple perovskite structure was exposed at interlayer, were investigated. These oxides were obtained by a polymerizable complex method at 973–1473 K though only A5Nb4O15 (A = Sr and Ba) were prepared by a solid state reaction even at 1673 K. The shapes of these complex metal oxides were plate-like derived from the perovskite layered structure. These band gaps were estimated to be 3.7–4.1 eV from the onsets of diffuse reflection spectra. These oxides showed photoluminescence at 77 K. These oxides loaded with NiO cocatalysts showed activities for water splitting under UV irradiation. NiOx/BaLa4Ti4O15 and NiOx/Ba5Nb4O15 showed the highest activities among the titanates and niobates tested in the present study. NiOx/BaLa4Ti4O15 and NiOx/Ba5Nb4O15 gave 15% and 17% of quantum yields at 270 nm, respectively. Photocatalytic activities of ALa4Ti4O15 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) strongly depended on the alkaline earth metal ion. Pt, Au, Ni, and PbO2 were selectively photodeposited on basal or edge plane of the BaLa4Ti4O15 plate-like powder while these were randomly loaded on CaLa4Ti4O15. It was suggested that this difference in the surface property was the one of the important factors affecting photocatalytic ability for ALa4Ti4O15 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba).

Randomized trial of dietary fiber and Lactobacillus casei administration for prevention of colorectal tumors.

Abstract: The epidemiologic evidence that dietary fiber protects against colorectal cancer is equivocal. No large-scale clinical study of the administration of Lactobacillus casei has been reported. We examined whether dietary fiber and L. casei prevented the occurrence of colorectal tumors. Subjects were 398 men and women presently free from tumor who had had at least 2 colorectal tumors removed. Subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups administered wheat bran, L. casei, both or neither. The primary end point was the presence or absence of new colorectal tumor(s) diagnosed by colonoscopy after 2 and 4 years. Among 380 subjects who completed the study, 95, 96, 96 and 93 were assigned to the wheat bran, L. casei, both and no treatment groups, respectively. Multivariate adjusted ORs for occurrence of tumors were 1.31 (95% CI 0.87–1.98) in the wheat bran group and 0.76 (0.50–1.15) in the L. casei group compared to the control group. There was a significantly higher number of large tumors after 4 years in the wheat bran group. The occurrence rate of tumors with a grade of moderate atypia or higher was significantly lower in the group administered L. casei. No significant difference in the development of new colorectal tumors was observed with administration of either wheat bran or L. casei. However, our results suggest that L. casei prevented atypia of colorectal tumors. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.