Tokyo University of Science

About: Tokyo University of Science is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thin film & Enantioselective synthesis. The organization has 15800 authors who have published 24147 publications receiving 438081 citations. The organization is also known as: Tōkyō Rika Daigaku & Science University of Tokyo.

The Reactive Polymeric Micelle Based on An Aldehyde-Ended Poly(ethylene glycol)/Poly(lactide) Block Copolymer

Abstract: Formation of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polylactide (PEG/PLA) block copolymers was accomplished by using potassium alkoxides to initiate the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide, with the living chain end initiating the polymerization of lactide. By using potassium 3,3-diethoxypropoxide as an initiator, block copolymers with an acetal moiety at the PEG chain end, which was later converted into an aldehyde group, were obtained. The amphiphilic block copolymers formed micelles in aqueous milieu. The conversion of acetal end groups to aldehyde groups was carried out by an acid treatment using 0.01 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid. The extent of the conversion attained was >90%, without any side reaction such as aldol condensation. The micellar structure may play an important role in preventing a possible aldol condensation between the neighboring two aldehyde groups at the PEG chain end. From dynamic light scattering measurements, no angular dependence of the scaled characteristic line width was observ...

Basophils Promote Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses in Inflamed Skin

Abstract: Type 2 inflammation underlies allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, which is characterized by the accumulation of basophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in inflamed skin lesions Although murine studies have demonstrated that cutaneous basophil and ILC2 responses are dependent on thymic stromal lymphopoietin, whether these cell populations interact to regulate the development of cutaneous type 2 inflammation is poorly defined In this study, we identify that basophils and ILC2s significantly accumulate in inflamed human and murine skin and form clusters not observed in control skin We demonstrate that murine basophil responses precede ILC2 responses and that basophils are the dominant IL-4-enhanced GFP-expressing cell type in inflamed skin Furthermore, basophils and IL-4 were necessary for the optimal accumulation of ILC2s and induction of atopic dermatitis-like disease We show that ILC2s express IL-4Rα and proliferate in an IL-4-dependent manner Additionally, basophil-derived IL-4 was required for cutaneous ILC2 responses in vivo and directly regulated ILC2 proliferation ex vivo Collectively, these data reveal a previously unrecognized role for basophil-derived IL-4 in promoting ILC2 responses during cutaneous inflammation

Photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation over band-structure-controlled (CuIn)xZn2(1-x)S2 solid solutions.

Abstract: (CuIn)xZn2(1-x)S2 solid solutions between a ZnS photocatalyst with a wide band gap and CuInS2 with a narrow band gap showed photocatalytic activities for H2 evolution from aqueous solutions containing sacrificial reagents SO32- and S2- under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). Pt (0.5 wt %)-loaded (CuIn)0.09Zn1.82S2 with a 2.3-eV band gap showed the highest activity for H2 evolution, and the apparent quantum yield at 420 nm amounted to 12.5%. H2 evolved at a rate of 1.5 L h-1 m-2 under irradiation with a solar simulator (AM 1.5). Diffuse reflection and photoluminescence spectra of the solid solutions shifted monotonically to a long wavelength side, as the ratio of CuInS2 to ZnS increased in the solid solutions. The photocatalytic H2 evolution depended on the composition as well as the photophysical properties. DFT calculations suggested that the visible-light response should be derived from the contribution of Cu 3d and S 3p orbitals to the valence band and that of In 5s5p and Zn 4s4p orbitals to the ...

Performance of non-orthogonal access with SIC in cellular downlink using proportional fair-based resource allocation

Abstract: This paper investigates the system-level throughput of non-orthogonal access with a successive interference canceller (SIC) in the cellular downlink assuming proportional fair (PF)-based radio resource (bandwidth and transmission power) allocation. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of applying non-orthogonal access with a SIC to the systems beyond the 4G (thus IMT-Advanced) cellular system. Both the total and cell-edge average user throughput are important in a real system. PF-based scheduling is known to achieve a good tradeoff by maximizing the product of the average user throughput among users within a cell. In non-orthogonal access with a SIC, the scheduler allocates the same frequency to multiple users, which necessitates multiuser scheduling. To achieve a better tradeoff between the total and cell-edge average user throughput, we propose and compare three power allocation strategies among users, which are jointly implemented with multiuser scheduling. Extensive simulation results show that non-orthogonal access with a SIC with a moderate number of non-orthogonally multiplexed users significantly enhances the system-level throughput performance compared to orthogonal access, which is widely used in 3.9 and 4G mobile communication systems.