Tongji University

About: Tongji University is a education organization based out in Shanghai, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 76116 authors who have published 81176 publications receiving 1248911 citations. The organization is also known as: Tongji & Tóngjì Dàxué.

Single-cell trajectories reconstruction, exploration and mapping of omics data with STREAM

Abstract: Single-cell transcriptomic assays have enabled the de novo reconstruction of lineage differentiation trajectories, along with the characterization of cellular heterogeneity and state transitions. Several methods have been developed for reconstructing developmental trajectories from single-cell transcriptomic data, but efforts on analyzing single-cell epigenomic data and on trajectory visualization remain limited. Here we present STREAM, an interactive pipeline capable of disentangling and visualizing complex branching trajectories from both single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic data. We have tested STREAM on several synthetic and real datasets generated with different single-cell technologies. We further demonstrate its utility for understanding myoblast differentiation and disentangling known heterogeneity in hematopoiesis for different organisms. STREAM is an open-source software package. The increasing accessibility of single cell omics technologies beyond transcriptomics demands parallel advances in analysis. Here, the authors introduce STREAM, a pipeline for reconstruction and visualization of differentiation trajectories from both single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data.

Pilot-scale waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation, fermentation liquid separation, and application of fermentation liquid to improve biological nutrient removal.

Abstract: The use of sludge fermentative short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as an additional carbon source of biological nutrient removal (BNR) has drawn much attention recently as it can reuse sludge organics, reduce waste activated sludge production, and improve BNR performance. Our previous laboratory study had shown that the SCFA production was significantly enhanced by controlling sludge fermentation at pH 10 with NaOH. This paper focused on a pilot-scale study of alkaline fermentation of waste activated sludge, separation of the fermentation liquid from the alkaline fermentation system, and application of the fermentation liquid to improve municipal biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. NaOH and Ca(OH)(2) were used respectively to adjust the alkaline fermentation pH, and their effects on sludge fermentation and fermentation liquid separation were compared. The results showed that the use of Ca(OH)(2) had almost the same effect on SCFA production improvement and sludge volatile suspended solids reduction as that of NaOH, but it exhibited better sludge dewatering, lower chemical costs, and higher fermentation liquid recovery efficiency. When the fermentation liquids, adjusted with Ca(OH)(2) and NaOH respectively, were added continuously to an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic municipal wastewater BNR system, both the nitrogen and phosphorus removals, compared with the control, were improved to the same levels. This was attributed to the increase of not only influent COD but also denitrifying phosphorus removal capability. It seems that the use of Ca(OH)(2) to control sludge fermentation at pH 10 for efficiently producing a carbon source for BNR is feasible.

Strength, Modulus of Elasticity, and Brittleness Index of Rubberized Concrete

Abstract: This paper presents a study of rubberized concretes designed by replacing coarse aggregate in normal concrete with ground and crushed scrap tire rubber in various volume ratios. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of rubber types and rubber content on strength and deformation properties. The compressive strength, static, and dynamic modulus of elasticity of rubberized concrete were tested and studied. The stress-strain hysteresis loops were obtained by loading, unloading, and reloading on specimens. Brittleness index values were calculated based on the hysteretic loops. The experiments revealed that strength and modulus elasticity of rubberized concrete decreased with the increasing amount of rubber content. Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of crushed rubberized concrete were lower than that of ground rubberized concrete. An American Concrete Institute equation could reasonably predict modulus of elasticity of rubberized concrete. Brittleness index values of rubberized concrete were lower than that of normal concrete, which means that rubberized concrete had higher ductility performance than that of normal concrete.