Showing papers by "Toyota published in 1987"

Synthesis of an Intercalated Compound of Montmorillonite and 6-Polyamide

Abstract: Natural montmorillonite, fractionated from bentonite produced in Yamagata, Japan, was ion-exchanged for NH 3 + —(CH2)11—COOH, NH 3 + —(CH2)5—COOH, Al3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Li+, K+ and H+. The mixtures of the ion-exchanged montmorillonite and e-caprolactam were heated at 263 °C in glass ampoules for various periods. The intercalated compounds before and after the heating were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and GPC. Although e-caprolactam was not polymerized without montmorillonite, it was polymerized at 263 °C in the presence of montmorillonite. The polymerization rate varied with the interlayer cations in the order of NH 3 + —(CH2)11—COOH>Al3+>NH 3 + —(CH2)5—COOH>H+>Cu2+>Mg2+>Co2+>Li+>K+. After heating at 263 °C for 5 h, the mean number-average molecular weight was about 1.5 x 104. Although the interlayer distance of NH 3 + —(CH2)11—COOH type montmorillonite/e-caprolactam compound increased from 2.85 nm to 4.90 nm by heating at temperatures above the melting point of e-caprolactam, those of other compounds were not changed. After heating at 263 °C, an intercalated compound of montmorillonite and 6-polyamide, whose interlayer distance was more than 10 nm, was obtained. It is concluded that montmorillonite acts as a Bronsted acid and initiates the open ring polymerization of e-caprolactam and that the driving force of swelling is the polymerization energy.

Waveform Distortion and Correction Circuit for PWM Inverters with Switching Lag-Times

Abstract: The switching lag-time that prevents the phase shortage of inverter arms causes serious waveform distortions and fundamental voltage drops in pulsewidth-modulated inverter output. Distortions in the PWM inverter-fed induction motor system over the various frequencies of the carrier are investigated and a correction circuit with PWM potential feedback is proposed; the effectiveness of that circuit is shown by experiments.

Communication system for vehicle

Abstract: Sensors detect parameters. Control units control vehicle equipments in accordance with the detected parameters. In each of the control units, at least one of the detected parameters and internally produced data is converted into serial data as communication data, and serial data is converted into other form data. A transmission medium connects the control units via a serial data link. Serial interfaces are associated with the control units respectively. Each of the serial interfaces includes a connection terminal connected to the transmission medium, an input terminal and an output terminal both connected to the associated control unit. Each of the serial interfaces inputs serial data from the associated control unit via its input terminal and outputs the inputted data to the transmission medium via its connection terminal. Each of the serial interfaces inputs serial data from the transmission medium via its connection terminal and outputs the inputted data to the associated control unit via its output terminal.

A high-speed multiplier using a redundant binary adder tree

Abstract: A 16-bit /spl times/ 16-bit multiplier for 2 two's-complement binary numbers based on a new algorithm is described. This multiplier has been fabricated on an LSI chip using a standard n-E/D MOS process technology with a 2.7-/spl mu/m design rule. This multiplier is characterized by use of a binary tree of redundant binary adders. In the new algorithm, n-bit multiplication is performed in a time proportional to log/SUB 2/ n and the physical design of the multiplier is constructed of a regular cellular array. This new algorithm has been proposed by N. Takagi et al. (1982, 1983). The 16-bit/spl times/16-bit multiplier chip size is 5.8 /spl times/ 6.3 mm/SUP 2/ using the new layout for a binary adder tree. The chip contains about 10600 transistors, and the longest logic path includes 46 gates. The multiplication time was measured as 120 ns. It is estimated that a 32-bit /spl times/ 32-bit multiplication time is about 140 ns.

Two-cycle internal combustion engine

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder head having an intake port and exhaust port opened to a combustion chamber, to which compressed fresh air is introduced via an intake valve. The intake and exhaust valves are operated in response to a crank angle. A pulsation pressure of exhaust gas in the exhaust port is substantially restrained during an idling or light load running condition. The exhaust valve is opened earlier than the intake valve when the speed of the downward movement of the piston is relatively high, such that a part of exhaust gas in the exhaust port flows back to the combustion chamber in that condition. An exhaust gas swirl rotating around a cylinder axis is formed when the exhaust gas flows back and the fresh air is slowly introduced onto the exhaust gas swirl in that condition.

Suspension controller for improved turning

Abstract: An active suspension controller (40) for a vehicle especially effective during turning. comprises: an actuator (5, 6, 9, 10) provided between the body and every wheel of the vehicle; sensors (27-31) for a turning condition of the vehicle, including a steering angle, vehicle speed, yaw rate and others; and a control apparatus (23-26) responsive to the sensed turning condition for driving the actuators in order to control the distribution between the front and the rear axles of the load shift between the right and the left wheels. The load shift distribution permits stable turning under various circumstances.

Catalyst for the purification of exhaust gas

Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of exhaust gases capable of maintaining excellent durability at elevated temperatures and preventing the formation of LaAlO 3 , comprises a support substrate, a catalyst carrier layer formed on the support substrate and catalyst ingredients carried on the catalyst carrier layer. The catalyst carrier layer comprises oxides of lanthanum and cerium in which the molar fraction of lanthanum atoms to the total rare earth atoms is 0.05 to 0.20, and the ratio of the member of the total rare earth atoms to the number of aluminum atoms is 0.05 to 0.25.

Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Films by Pulsed-Laser Evaporation

Abstract: Diamond-like carbon thin films were deposited by pulsed-laser evaporation. A carbon target was irradiated by a Xe-Cl laser with a power density of 3×108 W/cm2. Ions were mixed with vaporized atoms. Deposition rates were typically 200 A/ min. Film properties changed with substrate temperature. The films deposited at 50°C were diamond-like, as confirmed by refractive index (2.1 to 2.2), optical transparenty and chemical resistance. Hydrogen-free films were produced. Optical band gap was 1.4 eV and electrical resistivity was 108 Ω-cm. No crystallinity was observed.

Lip seal device

Abstract: A lip seal device comprises: a case surrounding a rotary shaft; a lip having an outer peripheral base end portion secured to the case, and an inner peripheral front end portion curved towards a sealed fluid so as to be in sliding contact with said rotary shaft; and an annular groove formed in the sealing surface of the front end portion of the lip. The lip seal device further comprises an elastic retaining member arranged in such a manner that the outer peripheral base end portion secured to the case, the inner peripheral front end portion is laid over the front end portion of the so as to push the front end portion of the lip against the rotary shaft, and the front end portion of the retaining member is held spaced from the rotary shaft, whereby even when the lip seal device is vibrated or the rotary shaft vibrates, an excellent sealing effect can be expected.

Formation process of tungsten borides by solid state reaction between tungsten and amorphous boron

Abstract: Various kinds of tungsten borides were synthesized by solid state reaction between tungsten and amorphous boron powders. The mixed powders with various compositions (B/W = 0.4 to 13.0) were treated at 800 to 1550° C for 0 to 120 min in a stream of argon. Four kinds of boride phases such as W2B, WB, W2B5 and WB4 were formed, although the boride phase having the composition of the highest boride, WB12, did not appear. The formation of W2B was initiated approximately at 1000° C in excess of tungsten content. On the other hand, in the excess boron content, the formation of WB, W2B5 and WB4 was initiated approximately at 800, 950 and 1200° C, respectively. The maximum formation amount and crystallinity of WB and W2B5 was found in nearly 10 at % excess boron content in their own stoichiometric compositions. The only crystalline phase of WB4 was prepared with a large excess boron content. However, the formation behaviour of WB4 showed that WB4 is metastable above 1400° C. The stability of WB4 phase could be increased by the presence of excess boron.

Obstacle data processing system for unmanned vehicle

Abstract: An obstacle data processing system for an unmanned self-controlled vehicle, capable of enabling the vehicle to automatically avert any obstacle which lies in the course of running of the vehicle. The system has obstacle position memory device capable of accumulating position data concerning specific obstacles and, hence, forming data concerning the distribution of the obstacles. The vehicle therefore can conduct appropriate averting operation in accordance with the distribution of a plurality of obstacles.

Optimum angle adjusting apparatus for vehicle equipments

Abstract: An automatic angle adjusting apparatus for adjusting vehicle equipments to be adjusted to optimum angular positions to a driver such as a fender mirror, an inner mirror, blowing ports of an air conditioner, a speaker and a meter is disclosed. Amounts of adjustment of vehicle seat parts are detected by amounts of adjustment detectors and the optimum angles of the vehicle equipments, a height of the driver or an eye position of the driver are calculated based on the detection signals to automatically adjust the vehicle equipments to the optimum angular position. When the height or the eye position of the driver is calculated, the optimum angles are further calculated based on the calculated height or eye position.

System for vehicle body roll control detecting and compensating for changes of loaded vehicle weight

Abstract: In this system for vehicle roll control, a suspension device or an actuator is provided corresponding to each wheel of a vehicle, and resiliently suspends it from the vehicle body. Each such suspension device can alter its hardness or softness characteristics according to a control signal, while similarly the actuators are adapted to alter the suspended height of their wheels. A vehicle speed detecting device senses road speed, a steering angle detecting device senses steering angle, and a device detects the total vehicle body weight. A computing control device computes a predictive roll angle of the vehicle body from road speed and steering angle, and: if suspension devices are provided, controls them to be relatively hard when the absolute value of the predictive roll angle is larger than a threshold value, while controlling them to be relatively soft when the absolute value of the predictive roll angle is less than this threshold value; while, if actuators are provided, when the absolute value of the predictive roll angle is larger than a threshold value, it controls them in accordance with this predictive roll angle. Particularly, this computing device varies the threshold roll angle value according to the total vehicle body weight as detected by the weight detector, so as to decrease the threshold roll angle value along with increase of the total vehicle body weight.

Manually/electrically operated brake system

Abstract: A manually/electrically operated brake system for applying a brake to a wheel of a vehicle, including a master cylinder operated by a brake operating member, to generate a manually controlled braking pressure according to an operation of the brake operating member, a wheel brake cylinder for applying a brake to the wheel, a primary fluid passage for connecting the master cylinder to the wheel brake cylinder, an electrically controlled pressure generating device for generating an electrically controlled braking pressure to produce a required braking effect determined based on at least one of an operating force and an operating stroke of the brake operating member, and a switching device provided in the primary fluid passage, for applying the electrically controlled braking pressure to the wheel brake cylinder while disconnecting the master cylinder from the wheel brake cylinder when the electrically controlled pressure generating device is normally functioning, and for applying the manually controlled braking pressure to the wheel brake cylinder while disconnecting the electrically controlled pressure generating device from the wheel brake cylinder when the electrically controlled pressure generating device is not normally functioning.

Failure diagnosis system for vehicle

Abstract: A failure diagnosis system for a vehicle includes a failure detection means for detecting failures of devices or apparatuses installed in a vehicle, a storage means for storing failure information detected by the failure detection means, a failure display means for displaying failure information stored in the storage means, a time information means for adding failure information detected by the failure detection means and stored in the storage means to time information showing the time when the failure information is detected, a retrieval time input means for inputting a retrieval time and a selective display means for displaying selectively failure information which has time information being within the retrieval time.

Power transfer device for four-wheel drive

Abstract: In combination with a power transmission, a power transfer device comprises a transfer casing detachably secured to a transmission casing, a first differential rotatable within the transmission casing and having a first gear casing driven by an output gear of the transmission, a second differential coaxial with the first differential having a second gear casing integral with an output element of the first differential and rotatable within the first gear casing, a carrier member rotatably mounted within the transfer casing and arranged coaxially with the first and second differentials, a first axle connected with an output element of the second differential and extending outwardly from the transmission casing, a second axle connected with another output element of the second differential and extending outwardly from the transfer casing through the carrier member, a hollow shaft in surrounding relationship with the second axle and connected at its opposite ends with another output element of the first differential and the carrier member, and a clutch sleeve slidably mounted on the hollow shaft to be engaged with the first gear casing. The clutch sleeve is arranged to be axially slidably coupled with the carrier member and to be positioned by engagement with the carrier member.

An Automatic Guidance System of a Self-Controlled Vehicle

Abstract: An automatically guided vehicle, traveling without fixed guide ways, has been developed. In this paper, the construction of the vehicle, the control algorithm, and its general performance are described.

Control system for an industrial robot with a foresight function

Abstract: A control system for an industrial robot having a hand which traces a pre-stored standard course defining its position and posture and which has a foresight function. The hand is provided with a tool and a work shape sensor, where the tool and the work shape sensor have a known spatial relationship. The foresight function is realized by a control system comprising temporary storing means for temporarily storing a future position and/or posture data of the tool calculated from a sensed position and/or posture data of the present sensor position. The stored data is output after a delayed time interval when it is compared with a pre-stored standard data. When the difference is small, the data is used to control the future position and/or posture of the hand. When the difference is great, an abnormality process is started.

Communication control system

Abstract: Control units are mutually connected by separate common signal lines. A data link is provided between the control units via a preselected one of the common signal lines. A check is made as to whether the preselected common signal line is operating normally or abnormally. When the preselected common signal line is operating abnormally, the preselected common signal line is replaced by another common signal line in the data link.

Anti-skid apparatus for an automotive vehicle

Abstract: An anti-skid apparatus for installation in a vehicle braking system includes an electrically operated actuator arranged to control hydraulic brake pressure applied to each wheel brake cylinder of road wheels of the vehicle and an electronic control device for applying an electric control signal to the actuator in response to electric signals indicative of each rotational speed of the road wheels so that the actuator is operated to decrease or increase the brake pressure when the rotational speed of the road wheels in braking operation becomes lower than a reference speed the value of which is defined on a basis of a travel, speed of the vehicle. The electronic control device is designed to detect a step on a travel road of the vehicle in braking operation and to compare the rotational speed of the road wheels with a subtracted value of the reference speed when the step on the travel road has been detected within a predetermined time thereby to maintain the actuator in its deactivated condition when the rotational speed of the road wheels is larger than the subtracted value of the reference speed.

Hydraulic control system for continuously variable transmission for automotive vehicle

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a continuously variable transmission for an automotive vehicle, the transmission having a first and a second pulley provided on respective first and second shafts, a belt connecting the first and second pulleys, and a first and a second hydraulic cylinder for changing effective diameters of the first and second pulleys. The control system includes a shift-control valve (44) receiving a first line pressure from said pressure source (42) through a first pressure line (50), and applying the first line pressure to one of the cylinders, while simultaneously permitting a flow of the fluid from the other cylinder. A second pressure line (52) is connected to the shift-control valve to receive therefrom a pressure of the fluid flowing from above-indicated other cylinder. A pressure regulating valve (58; 132) regulates the pressure in the second pressure line, as a second line pressure lower than said first line pressure. The control system further includes at least one one-way by-pass line or restricted by-pass line which connects the second pressure line to at least one of the two cylinders, respectively. Each by-pass line permits a flow of the fluid from the second pressure line to the corresponding cylinder, or a restricted flow of the fluid between the second pressure line and the hydraulic cylinder.

Diffusion carbide coatings formed in molten borax systems

Abstract: Carbide coatings can be formed on carbon containing materials such as steels, nickel and cobalt alloys, cemented carbides, and carbon itself, by immersion in a molten borax based bath, often used as a basis for bonding. Coatings, thus formed, consist of VC, NbC, TaC, TiC, and Cr7C3. They are superior to coatings formed by conventional surface hardening techniques in resistance to wear, seizure, oxidation, and corrosion. Selected additives to a borax bath can produce either a carbide layer, a borided layer (the boride of the main element in the substrate), or no layer at all. An understanding of additive behavior as dictated by the free energies of carbide formation and oxide formation of elements added to molten borax will explain such behavior. Materials carbide coated by the process have excellent tribological, mechanical, and chemical properties, and are very similar to Titanium carbide coatings produced by chemical vapor deposition, in performance in industrial applications. Unlike some conventional surface hardening techniques, the improved surface properties are not achieved at the expense of the mechanical strength; there is no significant reduction in strength between conventionally hardened steel and that coated by this process.

Wheel suspension for motor vehicle

Abstract: In a wheel suspension for a motor vehicle which comprises a subframe arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and having a pair of laterally spaced front end portions to be fastened to the vehicle chassis and a pair of laterally spaced rear end portions to be fastened to the vehicle chassis, and a pair of suspension arms each base portion of which has a front end articulated to the respective front end portions of the subframe and a rear end to be articulated to the respective rear end portions of the subframe, a pair of brackets each are preliminarily fastened at their base portions to the rear end portions of the subframe to support each rear end base portion of the suspension arms articulated thereto and fastened at their base portions to the vehicle chassis through the rear end portions of the subframe and at their end portions to the vehicle chassis.

Method of manufacturing a molded wooden product

Abstract: A binder, a water-repelling agent, and a mold release agent are added to wooden fibers obtained by splitting wood chips. This mixture is collected into a body having a particular shape without being formed into a mat. The collected body is compression molded under heat to make a molded wooden product.

Air breather plug assembly for use in power transmission unit

Abstract: An air breather plug assembly adapted for use in a transmission or trans-axle casing includes a cylindrical plug body detachably threaded into an upper portion of the casing and having an inner end portion which extends into an interior of the casing in a predetermined length, a cup-shaped baffle-plate fixedly coupled within the inner end portion of the plug body and being formed with a slot for permitting the flow of air passing therethrough, a cup-shaped seal member of elastic material fixedly coupled within an outer end portion of the plug body and spaced from the baffle-plate in a predetermined distance, the seal member being formed with a slit to be opened by an internal pressure applied thereto from the interior of the casing through the baffle-plate, and a cap fixedly coupled over the outer end portion of the plug body in such a manner as to allow the air flowing from the interior of the plug body to the exterior through the slit of the seal member.

System for shift control in automatic transmission

Abstract: In a system for shift control in an automatic transmission, wherein a hydraulic control device is operated to selectively switch the engagements of frictionally engaging devices and any one of plurality of gear stages can be achieved in accordance with a preset shift map, a system is provided to judge whether shifting is abnormal or not. When it is judged that the shifting is abnormal, oil pressure for engaging the frictionally engaging devices is raised. With this arrangement, the durability of the frictionally engaging devices can be secured.