Showing papers by "Toyota published in 1989"

Nylon 6–Clay Hybrid

Abstract: ζ-Caprolactam was polymerized in the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite, a clay mineral, yielding a nylon 6-clay hybrid (NCH) 1). X-ray and TEM measurements revealed that each template of the silicate, which is 10 A thick, was dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix and that the repeat unit increased from 12 A in unintercalated material to 21 A in the intercalated material. Thus NCH, is a “polymer based molecular composite” or “nanometer composite”. NCH, when injection-molded, shows excellent properties as compared to nylon 6 in terms of tensile strength, tensile modulus and heat resistance. Heat distortion temperature increased from 65 °c for nylon 6 to 152 °c for NCH, containing 4 wt% (1.6 vol%) of clay mineral.

Thin film retardation plate by oblique deposition

Abstract: The birefringent property of obliquely deposited metal oxides was studied with a view to applying it to optical retardation plates. By finding favorable conditions to form transparent films of large retardation and low opacity, we developed homogeneous quarterwave plates with a bilayered structure 60 x 250 mm in size and ~3 microm thick on glass substrates. These retardation plates can work with a normally incident light based on form birefringence caused by the characteristic anisotropic microstructure inside the film. They showed promising optical properties which can compete with the conventional types of retardation plate.

Device for detecting malfunction of fuel evaporative purge system

Abstract: A device for detecting a malfunction of a fuel evaporative purge system comprises a pressure sensor for detecting gas pressure in a purge passage connecting a canister to an intake pipe, and an intake vacuum sensor for detecting a negative pressure in the intake pipe. In the purging condition, the device determines whether the obtained relationship between the detected negative pressure in the purge passage and the detected intake vacuum is within a predetermined area and judges that a malfunction has occurred in the system when the relationship is not within the predetermined area.

Wide band antenna for mobile communications

Abstract: An antenna to be mounted on a vehicle. The antenna includes a ground plate with an L-shaped radiator plate and an L-shaped sub-radiator plate. One leg of the radiator plate and sub-radiator plate are parallel to the ground plate. The parallel legs are spaced from the ground plate. The other leg is perpendicular to the ground plate. The perpendicular leg is separated from the ground plate by a small gap. The two legs are opposed to each other with a gap between the legs parallel to the ground plate. In some embodiments, filler is placed between the plates.

Operation control system for internal combustion engine

Abstract: An operation control system for an engine using alcohol fuel or mixed fuel of alcohol and hydrocarbon, or for an engine supplying cooling liquid such as alcohol, water or the like as fuel. Vapor concentration in exhaust gas and an air excess ratio of air-fuel mixture are detected, and a supply rate of alcohol, a water absorption ratio of alcohol or an amount of the cooling liquid is computed on the basis of the vapor concentration and the air excess ratio. Ignition timing, temperature of the coolant, a compression ratio and an air excess ratio are controlled on the basis of the supply rate of alcohol or the water absorption ratio of alcohol. Further, the cooling liquid is supplied which has its amount computed at a heavy load. Thus, operational performance of the engine is improved.

Method and apparatus for determining deterioration of three-way catalysts in double air-fuel ratio sensor system

Abstract: In a double air-fuel ratio sensor system including two air-fuel ratio sensors disposed on the upstream and the downstream of the catalyst which is installed in the exhaust passage of the engine and has oxygen storage effect, an air-fuel ratio correction amount is calculated in accordance with the output of the upstream O 2 sensor, and the actual air-fuel ratio is adjusted in accordance with the calculated air-fuel ratio correction amount. Further, the determination of the deterioration of the catalyst is carried out in accordance with the output of the second O 2 sensor when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is adjusted.

Apparatus for driving piezoelectric element for closing and opening valve member

Abstract: In an apparatus for driving a piezoelectric element (77) used for closing and opening a valve member (67d), a first-step voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element to move the valve element near to a valve seat, and thereafter, a second-step voltage higher than the first-step voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element to seat the valve element securely on the valve seat.

A solid state NMR study on crystalline forms of nylon 6

Abstract: High-resolution 13C-NMR spectra were studied for two different crystalline structures of nylon 6 in the solid state by the cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) method. Two crystalline structures, α-form and γ-form, gave different chemical shifts for methylene carbons. The results showed that the hydrogen bonds between intermolecular chains are stronger in the γ-form than in the α-form. This strongly supports the results of the X-ray study of nylon 6 by Malta et al. Our results also showed that interamolecular delocalization of positive charges occurs in the γ-form through hyperconjugation in which the dihedral angle between the π bond and neighboring σ bonds is 30° while no such effect can be expected in the α-form in which the angle is 0°.

Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for automobile

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus employing a 3-way catalyst has either a Y-type zeolite or a mordenite as an adsorbent for adsorbing a harmful component in exhaust gas which is disposed at the upstream side of the catalytic converter so that, when the exhaust gas temeprature is not higher than a specific temperature, a harmful component is adsorbed by means of the adsorbent, whereas, when the exhaust gas temperature exceeds the specific temperature, the harmful component desorbed from the adsorbent is introduced into the catalytic converter. Further, an activated carbon trapper and a by-pass are provided in parallel at the upstream side of the adsorbent so that the flow paths of exhaust gas are selectively switched from one to the other in accordance with the level of the exhaust gas temperature.

Method of producing metal base composite material under promotion of matrix metal infiltration by fine pieces of third material

Abstract: In producing a metal base composite material by first producing a porous preform from a reinforcing material such as short fibers, whisker, particles or mixtures thereof, and secondly infiltrating a molten matrix .metal into the interstices of the porous preform, fine pieces of a third material having good affinity to the molten matrix metal are mixed in the porous preform in the process of producing the preform, and at least a part of the preform is contacted with a molten mass of the matrix metal so that the molten matrix metal infiltrates into the interstices of the porous preform with no substantial pressure being applied thereto.

Ventilated disk and process for making same

Abstract: A ventilated disk used in automobiles and industrial vehicles includes a pair of mutually opposing disk portions, a plurality of radially extending ribs integrally formed with the disk portions and interposed therebetween, and at least one annular damping member. Formed in each rib is at least one radially extending oblong hole which passes through the rib in the circumferential direction. The oblong holes in the respective ribs form at least one circular array along a circular whose center is the center of the disk. The annular damping member(s) extends/extend through the oblong holes forming the annular array(s) and is in contacting engagement with the outer end portion and side portion of each ablong hole.

Apparatus for control and intake air amount prediction in an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An apparatus to calculate the intake pipe pressure using the degree of throttle opening and the engine speed, to use this intake pipe pressure to calculate a current intake pipe pressure, and to determine a predicted value from this current intake pipe pressure and control fuel injection duration and/or spark timing. Because changes in the atmospheric pressure and changes in the air amount flowing through a bypass bypassing the throttle, etc., cause errors in the values predicted for the intake pipe pressure, there are irregularities in the exhaust emissions. The atmospheric pressure and the intake pipe pressure, etc., detected by a pressure sensor are used to correct the predicted value, and prevent irregularities and the like in exhaust emissions.

Fuel injection valve with an air assist adapter for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes an injector body having a fuel injection hole and an adapter having a fuel collision surface, two air injection holes and two injected fuel paths. The fuel injected from the fuel injection hole flows in a slug-like pattern and collides with the fuel collision surface where the fuel is atomized a first time. Then, the fuel flows in a direction away from an axis of the adapter in a membrane-like pattern getting thinner in thickness to be finally broken to pieces, that is, to be atomized a second time. The air injected from the air injection holes collides with the membrane-like pattern of fuel to be atomized a third time before the fuel goes out of the injected fuel paths.

Apparatus for detecting the collision of moving objects

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the collision of objects including a moving object includes a face information memory for storing face information describing the surfaces of each object; hierarchical sphere model generator for modeling the surfaces of each object by hierarchically covering the surfaces with spheres having various radii on the basis of the face information; sphere model memory for storing the positions of the modeled spheres generated; sphere position updater for updating the position of each modeled sphere having various radii with respect to the moving object and outputting the updated position; and sphere collision computer for executing procedures in which mutually colliding spheres are detected on the basis of the positions of the modeled spheres concerning two of the objects generated at an arbitrary time and stored in the sphere model memory and colliding spheres among spheres belonging to the mutually colliding spheres and having a smaller radius are further detected with respect to only the spheres determined to collide with each other, and for determining the collision of the two objects with each other when finally mutually colliding spheres having the smallest radius are present. The procedures are executed hierarchically and consecutively starting with spheres having a large radius toward spheres having a smaller radius.

Mechanical property measurements of thin films using load-deflection of composite rectangular membrane

Abstract: The internal stress and Young's modulus of thin films are determined by measuring the deflection versus pressure of the rectangular membranes of materials. In order to reduce the measurement error for the Young's modulus due to an unknown Poisson's ratio, a 2 mm*8 mm rectangular membrane is adopted. Measurements are made by using a computerized measurement system. Low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) silicon nitride films are characterized and found to have an internal stress of 1.0 GPa and a Young's modulus of 290 GPa. By using this composite membrane technique, an LPCVD polysilicon film and a plasma-CVD silicon nitride film are characterized. The internal stress and Young's modulus were found to be -0.18 GPa and 160 GPa for the LPCVD polysilicon film and 0.11 GPa and 210 GPa for the plasma-CVD silicon nitride film. >

Direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine having a squish flow for assisting fuel evaporation

Abstract: In a direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine, fuel is assisted in evaporation by a squish flow. The engine includes a squish portion for generating the squish flow, a spark plug located adjacent to a center of a cylinder, and a fuel injector. The squish portion is enlarged so as to closely oppose the spark plug at the opening end of the squish portion. The fuel injector is located at a closed end of the squish portion and injects at least one portion of the fuel onto either one of two squish portion defining surfaces defining the squish portion therebetween. Evaporation of the fuel injected onto and adhering to the squish portion defining surface is promoted by the squish flow before being ignited by the spark plug.

Automatic planetary gear transmission

Abstract: A planetary gear device having a first and a second single-pinion planetary gear unit (1, 2) and a third double-pinion planetary gear unit (3), which are coaxially disposed so as to provide different speed reduction ratios. The three gear units have respective first, second and third sun gears, respective first, second and third ring gears, and respective first, second and third carriers rotatably supporting planetary pinions. The first and second sun gears (1S, 2S) are fixed together or selectively connectable to each other, and the first carrier (1C), second ring gear (2R) and third carrier (3C) are fixed together or selectively connectable to each other. Further, the second carrier (2C) and the third sun gear (3S) are fixed together or selectively connectable to each other. The present arrangement allows shifting operations of the gear device, without concurrent disengagement and engagement of different clutches.

Material for molded article and film having liquid or gas barrier property, method for producing the same and use of the same

Abstract: Disclosed are a material for a molded article and film having liquid or gas barrier property, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyamide resin and a resin mixture containing a polyamide resin, and a layered silicate uniformly dispersed therein; methods for producing the same; and use of the same. The material of this invention is useful for molded article and film having liquid or gas barrier property, more particularly for a molded article to be used for fluid treatment such as delivery of fluid, storage or filtration of fluid, etc. such as tube, tank, strainer, various covers, etc., and polyamide film having excellent gas barrier property, transparency, slippage characteristic as well as rigidity necessary for post-working such as lamination, printing, bag-making, etc.

Combustion prediction and discrimination apparatus for an internal combustion engine and control apparatus therefor

Abstract: An apparatus for predicting and discriminating whether or not misfire, knocking and the like will occur from the cylinder pressure before the occurrence of the misfire, the knocking and the like by the use of a three layered neural network. The cylinder pressure signal detected by a cylinder pressure sensor is sampled and input to each of the elements of the input layer. The signal then is modulated corresponding to the strength (weight) of the connection between each of the elements, and transmitted to the hidden and output layers. The magnitude of signal from the elements of the output layer represents the prediction and discrimination results. The weight is learned and determined by a back propagation method.

Method and apparatus for controlling an electromagnetic clutch for use on a vehicle

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling an electromagnetic clutch which is incorporated in a power transmission system of a vehicle to transmit an output of an engine to drive wheels, and which includes a solenoid to be energized for an engaging action of the electromagnetic clutch to transmit a torque of the engine to the drive wheels, the torque to be transmitted by the clutch being varied as a function of an electric current to energize the solenoid. The method of apparatus comprises: a step or device for determining a target speed of the engine during a period of the engagement action of the electromagnetic clutch, based on a required output of the engine, and according to a predetermined relation between the target speed and required output of the engine; a step or device for controlling a magnitude of the electric current applied to the solenoid during the period of engagement of the clutch, such that an actual speed of the engine coincides with the determined target speed of the engine, and thereby applying the controlled magnitude of electric current to the solenoid to control the torque to be transmitted by the electromagnetic clutch.

Real-time robot control system tracking based on a standard path

Abstract: This invention is a real-time tracking controller for a standard-path robot that detects a target point in advance, permitting higher-speed work. The robot uses both sensed data and previously taught data to accurately execute its task. Accurate control is obtained using target points corresponding to time intervals. Thus, even if the speed or path is changed during operation, accurate tracing is continuously executed.

Method of purifying exhaust gases

Abstract: The exhaust gases, such as of an internal combustion engine are contacted with a catalyst containing copper in the presence of hydrocarbons in an oxidizing atmosphere, whereby nitrogen oxides are reduced from the exhaust gases. Then, the exhaust gases are preferably contacted with an oxidizing catalyst. The former catalyst contains copper loaded on a porous support formed from alumina, silica, silica-alumina or zeolite or mixture thereof. The support is preferably a monolithic body having a first portion loaded with copper and a second portion loaded with a metal or metals defining the oxidizing catalyst.

Remote control apparatus for a rotating television camera base

Abstract: A remote control apparatus for a rotating camera base that supports a television camera such that it is rotatable in the horizontal and vertical directions. The remote control apparatus comprises a first controlling circuit that outputs a digital signal for driving and controlling the rotating camera base; a control box including a modulating circuit that outputs a modulated version of the digital signal from the first controlling circuit with a prescribed carrier wave, said control box being electrically connected to the first controlling circuit; a demodulating circuit that recovers the digital signal from the modulated wave from the modulating circuit, said demodulating circuit being provided in the rotating camera base and electrically connected to the modulating circuit; and a second controlling circuit that drives and controls the rotating camera base based on the digital signal from the demodulating circuit, said second controlling circuit being electrically connected to the demodulating circuit.