Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Exhaust gas. The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

A system for real-time detection and tracking of vehicles from a single car-mounted camera

Abstract: A novel system for detection and tracking of vehicles from a single car-mounted camera is presented. The core of the system are high-performance vision algorithms: the WaldBoost detector [1] and the TLD tracker [2] that are scheduled so that a real-time performance is achieved. The vehicle monitoring system is evaluated on a new dataset collected on Italian motorways which is provided with approximate ground truth (GT0) obtained from laser scans. For a wide range of distances, the recall and precision of detection for cars are excellent. Statistics for trucks are also reported. The dataset with the ground truth is made public.

Nitrogen and oxygen isotopomeric constraints on the origins and sea-to-air flux of N2O in the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific gyre

Abstract: [1] Although the oceans are a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere, the magnitude and characteristics of this source are poorly constrained. We present here stable isotope and isotopomer (intramolecular distribution of 15N within the linear NNO molecule) results for N2O and oxygen stable isotopic data for dissolved O2 from Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific gyre near Hawaii. The results indicate shallow (∼100–300 m) in situ N2O production. Results of isotope mass balance models constrain the rate of N2O production and the sea-to-air flux of N2O. Results of an isotope mass balance model that takes into account the ratios of the vertical gradients in the isotopic abundances of N, O, Nα (central N) and Nβ (terminal N) of N2O and the measured gradients of N2O concentration through the thermocline indicate that shallow in situ production contributed 40% to 75% of the sea-to-air flux of N2O. This model also indicates that the net sea-to-air flux of N2O was at least 0.4 μmol m−2 d−1 and could be as high as 1.0 μmole m−2 d−1. These model results are not statistically different from the sea-to-air flux of N2O calculated using an empirical relationship between wind speed and gas transfer rate (1.1 ± 0.7 μmole m−2 d−1) derived from measured values for wind speed, temperature and the surface mixed layer concentration of N2O. These results can be used to better constrain the global N2O budget.

Light propagation characteristics of straight single-line-defect waveguides in photonic crystal slabs fabricated into a silicon-on-insulator substrate

Abstract: Straight single-line defect optical waveguides in photonic crystal slabs are designed by the finite difference time-domain method and fabricated into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. By employing an airbridge structure, clear light propagation for both polarizations is observed without any leakage along the waveguide. This experimental result is well explained by photonic bands of pure guided modes. Minimum propagation loss is estimated to be 11 dB/mm. This value is lower than that reported so far for three-line-defect waveguides with an SOI slab structure and almost comparable to that for an index confinement waveguide with a rectangular Si core. This propagation loss is dominated by the scattering loss by some irregularities. However, photonic crystal waveguides have the possibility of an essential lower scattering loss than in the index confinement waveguide because of the inhibition of radiation modes by the photonic bandgap.

A failure-to-safety "Kyozon" system with simple contact detection and stop capabilities for safe human-autonomous robot coexistence

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss a method to achieve safe autonomous robot system coexistence (or Kyozon in Japanese). First, we clarify human pain tolerance and point out that a robot working next to an operator should be covered with a soft material. Thus, we propose a concept and a design method of covering a robot with a viscoelastic material to achieve both impact force attenuation and contact sensitivity, keeping within the human pain tolerance limit. We stress the necessity of a simple robot system from the viewpoint of reliability. We provide a method of sensing contact force without any force sensors by monitoring the direct drive motor current and velocity of the robot. Finally, we covered a two-link arm manipulator with the optimum soft covering material, and applied the developed manipulator system to practical coexistence tasks.

Vapor phase hydrogenation of phenol over palladium supported on mesoporous CeO2 and ZrO2

Abstract: Mesoporous CeO 2 and ZrO 2 were synthesized using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C 16 TMABr) as the template. Their physicochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N 2 adsorption–desorption methods. Palladium (Pd) 1–10 wt.% was loaded on the mesoporous CeO 2 and ZrO 2 by deposition–precipitation method. The Pd metal surface area, dispersion and crystallite sizes were determined by room temperature H 2 chemisorption on reduced samples. The catalytic activity of Pd supported mesoporous CeO 2 (Pd/CeO 2 -MS) and ZrO 2 (Pd/ZrO 2 -MS) were evaluated for the first time in the vapor phase hydrogenation of phenol in the temperature range between 160 and 230 °C at atmospheric pressure. The reaction over 3% Pd/CeO 2 -MS at 180 °C offered cyclohexanone as the major product (about 50%) along with some amounts of cyclohexanol (about 35%) and cyclohexane (about 15%). The influences of Pd loading, temperature, H 2 /phenol ratio, contact time, and nature of solvent on the catalytic performance were investigated systematically. A 3% Pd/ZrO 2 -MS offered slightly lower phenol conversion but very high selectivity of cyclohexanone (above 90%). The Pd/CeO 2 -MS exhibited a stable activity, while Pd/ZrO 2 -MS underwent deactivation during on-stream operation. Under similar operating conditions, the catalytic performance of Pd/CeO 2 -MS and Pd/ZrO 2 -MS was found to be far better than that obtained using MgO, Al 2 O 3 and MgO-Al 2 O 3 derived from hydrotalcites (MgAl-CHT) as supports. The benefit of using mesoporous oxide support to Pd was also demonstrated by comparing the catalytic activity with the activities of commercial oxide supports.