Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

A method for purifying exhaust gas of a diesel engine

Abstract: According to the method of the present invention, NO (nitrogen monoxide) in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine is first oxidized to NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) by an oxidizing catalyst (5). Further, carbon particles in the exhaust gas are trapped by a DPF (7) (diesel particulate filter). The exhaust gas containing NO2 formed by oxidation of nitrogen monoxide is, then, fed to the DPF (7), and NO2 in the exhaust gas reacts with the carbon particles trapped in the DPF (7). When the NO2 reacts with carbon particles, carbon particles are oxidized (burned) by NO2 and removed from DPF (7), and, at the same time, NO2 is reduced to NO by the carbon particles. The exhaust gas containing NO formed by the reaction between the carbon particles and NO2 is fed to an NOX absorbent (9). In the NOX absorbent (9), NO is absorbed by the NOX absorbent (9) and, thereby, removed from the exhaust gas. Therefore, according this method, the carbon particles collected by the DPF (7) can be easily burned by NO2, thereby being removed from the DPF (7) without increasing the amount of NO released to the atmosphere.

Factors affecting cycling life of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: Factors affecting the cycling life of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) with graphite were examined in terms of the rechargeable capacity and polarization of NCA derivatives of LizNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2−δ (0.8 ≤ z ≤ 1.05). NCA derivatives with rock-salt domains in the structure were prepared by a co-precipitation method and the structures of [Li1−yNiy]3(b)[Ni,Co,Al]3(a)O26(c) based on a space group of Rm were refined by a Rietveld method of the XRD patterns. The electrochemical reactivity of the NCA derivatives with rock-salt domains was examined in non-aqueous lithium cells, and it was found that the rechargeable capacities (Q) of the samples decrease linearly as the amount of rock-salt domain (y) increases. An empirical relation is obtained to be Q = 181.4 − 725.5y in which Q reaches zero at y = 0.25, which is derived from not only the capacity loss owing to inactive rock-salt domains but also the polarization increase. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) measurement told us that polarization of NCA derivatives increases when the amount of rock-salt domains is above 2%, i.e., y > 0.02, and such a relation is remarkable in the lithium insertion direction into the structure, which is ascribed to slow lithium ion mobility due to nickel ions in the lithium layers. The NCA derivatives with increased rock-salt domains of above 2% deteriorate rapidly in non-aqueous lithium cells upon charge and discharge cycles, which is ascribed to the cumulative increase in polarization during charge and discharge. An extended cycling test for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of the NCA derivatives with a graphite negative electrode at elevated temperature was performed and the quantitative relation is discussed thereof.

Apparatus for assisting steering of vehicle when backing

Abstract: A steering assist apparatus (10) that assists a driver when backing a vehicle (1) in an S-shaped path or parallel parking The apparatus displays guidance marking (17) on a monitor screen (19) and the driver refers to the guidance marking, which permits the driver to easily back the vehicle to a desired position The apparatus includes a camera (2), a monitor (4), an angle sensor (9), obstacle sensors (6), an image processing unit (11), a controller (12) and a monitor controller (13) The image processing unit computes the predicted path of the vehicle at the current wheel angle The monitor shows an image captured by the camera The image processing unit generates data representing a guidance marking based on the predicted path and superimposes the marking on the monitor screen The location of the marking on the screen is determined based on the current wheel angle The marking represents part of the predicted path Specifically, the marking matches the width of the vehicle In the monitor screen, a marking is separated from the rear bumper of the vehicle by a distance corresponding to the wheelbase of the vehicle

Operation control system for internal combustion engine

Abstract: An operation control system for an engine using alcohol fuel or mixed fuel of alcohol and hydrocarbon, or for an engine supplying cooling liquid such as alcohol, water or the like as fuel. Vapor concentration in exhaust gas and an air excess ratio of air-fuel mixture are detected, and a supply rate of alcohol, a water absorption ratio of alcohol or an amount of the cooling liquid is computed on the basis of the vapor concentration and the air excess ratio. Ignition timing, temperature of the coolant, a compression ratio and an air excess ratio are controlled on the basis of the supply rate of alcohol or the water absorption ratio of alcohol. Further, the cooling liquid is supplied which has its amount computed at a heavy load. Thus, operational performance of the engine is improved.