Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Magnesium Borohydride: From Hydrogen Storage to Magnesium Battery

Abstract: Beyond hydrogen storage: The first example of reversible magnesium deposition/stripping onto/from an inorganic salt was seen for a magnesium borohydride electrolyte. High coulombic efficiency of up to 94 % was achieved in dimethoxyethane solvent. This Mg(BH_4)_2 electrolyte was utilized in a rechargeable magnesium battery.

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 as a potential photovoltaic material: A hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional theory study

Abstract: First-principles calculations for the potential photovoltaic material ${\text{Cu}}_{2}{\text{ZnSnS}}_{4}$ (CZTS) are presented using density functional theory and the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional as well as using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional. The HSE results compare very favorably to experimental data for the lattice constants and the band gap, as demonstrated for CZTS and selected ternary chalcopyrites such as ${\text{CuInS}}_{2}$, ${\text{CuInSe}}_{2}$, ${\text{CuGaS}}_{2}$, and ${\text{CuGaSe}}_{2}$. Furthermore the HSE band structure is validated using ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ quasiparticle calculations. The valence band is found to be made up by an antibonding linear combination of $\text{Cu-}3d$ states and $\text{S-}3p$ states, whereas an isolated band made up by $\text{Sn-}5s$ and $\text{S-}3p$ states dominates the conduction band. In the visible wavelength, the optical properties are determined by transitions from the $\text{Cu-}3d/\text{S-}3p$ states into this conduction band. Comparison of the optical spectra calculated in the independent-particle approximation and using time-dependent hybrid functional theory indicates very small excitonic effects. For the structural properties, the kesterite-type structure of $I\overline{4}$ symmetry is predicted to be the most stable one, possibly along with cation disorder within the Cu-Zn layer. The energy differences between structural modifications are well approximated by a simple ionic model.

Deep Neural Network for Structural Prediction and Lane Detection in Traffic Scene

Abstract: Hierarchical neural networks have been shown to be effective in learning representative image features and recognizing object classes. However, most existing networks combine the low/middle level cues for classification without accounting for any spatial structures. For applications such as understanding a scene, how the visual cues are spatially distributed in an image becomes essential for successful analysis. This paper extends the framework of deep neural networks by accounting for the structural cues in the visual signals. In particular, two kinds of neural networks have been proposed. First, we develop a multitask deep convolutional network, which simultaneously detects the presence of the target and the geometric attributes (location and orientation) of the target with respect to the region of interest. Second, a recurrent neuron layer is adopted for structured visual detection. The recurrent neurons can deal with the spatial distribution of visible cues belonging to an object whose shape or structure is difficult to explicitly define. Both the networks are demonstrated by the practical task of detecting lane boundaries in traffic scenes. The multitask convolutional neural network provides auxiliary geometric information to help the subsequent modeling of the given lane structures. The recurrent neural network automatically detects lane boundaries, including those areas containing no marks, without any explicit prior knowledge or secondary modeling.

Rechargeable Li-Air Batteries with Carbonate-Based Liquid Electrolytes

Abstract: Rechargeable Li-air battery is a candidate for post Li-ion battery with high energy density. In this paper, the rechargeability of Li-air battery over 100 cycles was confirmed and its capacity retention over 60% was achieved. Nevertheless, a large voltage gap between the discharge-charge profiles was observed. Here, a discharged product formed on a cathode was investigated by TEM observation and FT-IR spectroscopy. It was found that the main product formed in discharge was not an ideal compound, Li2O2, but was carbonate species issued from the decomposition of carbonate-based electrolyte solvent.