Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Exhaust gas. The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Interaction of nylon 6‐clay surface and mechanical properties of nylon 6‐clay hybrid

Abstract: We synthesized nylon 6-clay hybrid materials using four types of clay minerals, montmorillonite, saponite, hectrite, and synthetic mica. The mechanical properties of their injection molded specimens were measured according to ASTM. Nylon 6-clay hybrid using montmorillonite was superior to the other hybrids in mechanical properties. This might result from the difference in the interaction between nylon molecules and silicates in the hybrids. To clarify this hypothesis, we synthesized intercalated compounds of the clay minerals with glycine as the model of the hybrids, and analyzed the interaction using 15N cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The 15N-NMR result reveals that the positive charge density on the nitrogen of the intercalated compound based on montmorillonite was largest in all the intercalated compounds. It was suggested that montmorillonite interacted strongly with nylon 6 by ionic interaction. This ionic interaction was one of the reasons why these hybrid materials had superior mechanical properties. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Heterogeneous Molecular Systems for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Water Oxidation

Abstract: Artificial photosynthesis-reduction of CO2 into chemicals and fuels with water oxidation in the presence of sunlight as the energy source-mimics natural photosynthesis in green plants, and is considered to have a significant part to play in future energy supply and protection of our environment. The high quantum efficiency and easy manipulation of heterogeneous molecular photosystems based on metal complexes enables them to act as promising platforms to achieve efficient conversion of solar energy. This Review describes recent developments in the heterogenization of such photocatalysts. The latest state-of-the-art approaches to overcome the drawbacks of low durability and inconvenient practical application in homogeneous molecular systems are presented. The coupling of photocatalytic CO2 reduction with water oxidation through molecular devices to mimic natural photosynthesis is also discussed.

Nanostructured AgPbmSbTem+2 System Bulk Materials with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance

Abstract: Nanostructured Ag0.8Pbm+xSbTem+2 (m = 18, x = 4.5) system thermoelectric materials have been fabricated by combining mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods followed by annealing for several days to investigate the effect on microstructure and thermoelectric performance. It was found that appropriate annealing treatment could reduce both the electrical resistivity and the thermal conductivity at the same time, consequently greatly enhancing the thermoelectric performance. A low electrical resistivity of 2 x 10-3 Ohm-cm and low thermal conductivity of 0.89 W m-1 K-1 were obtained for the sample annealed for 30 days at 700 K. The very low thermal conductivity is supposed to be due to the nanoscopic Ag/Sb-rich regions embedded in the matrix. A high ZT value of 1.5 at 700 K has been achieved for the sample annealed for 30 days.

The renaissance of hydrides as energy materials

Abstract: Materials based on hydrides have been the linchpin in the development of several practical energy storage technologies, of which the most prominent example is nickel–metal hydride batteries. Motivated by the need to meet the future's energy demand, the past decade has witnessed substantial advancements in the research and development of hydrides as media for hydrogen energy storage. More recently, new and rapidly evolving discoveries have positioned hydrides as highly promising materials for future electrochemical energy storage, such as electrolytes for mono- and divalent batteries, and anodes for lithium-ion batteries. In addition, the potential of hydrides in efficient power transmission has been recently revealed. In this Review, we highlight key advances and illustrate how the versatility of hydrides has not only yielded a meaningful past, but also ensures a very bright future. Discoveries of new hydride properties beyond those expected are ushering in a new era in hydride research and development. This Review covers these rapidly evolving advancements; explains their relevance to future energy storage and transmission applications; and proposes future research directions.