Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Development of new-generation hybrid system THS II - Drastic improvement of power performance and fuel economy

Abstract: Toyota Hybrid System (THS), the powertrain that combines a gasoline engine and an electric motor was first introduced in December 1997. It became the first mass-produced hybrid passenger vehicle in the world, gaining a reputation as a highly innovative vehicle, and its cumulative worldwide sales have exceeded 120,000 units. In 2003, THS had a further evolution. The new-generation Toyota Hybrid System (THS II) would be introduced on the new Prius. This report shall explain THS II, which achieved drastic improvements in power performance and fuel economy, while securing the most stringent emission standard Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (ATPZEV).

Deformation of polyelectrolyte gels under the influence of electric field

Abstract: Deformation of acrylic acid–acrylamide copolymer gels in an aqueous solution under the influence of a dc electric field was studied. In the electric field, the gel swells, shrinks, or bends. It depends on the concentration of polyion coo− in the gel. When the concentration is low, the gel shrinks, and, when high, it swells. The gel which does not contain polyion is not influenced by the electric field. The long and thin gel is bent in an arc. The bent gel can be recovered to the original shape by removing the applied electric field or by changing the polarity of the applied electric field. The deformation is closely related to two substantial changes. One is the change of the osmotic pressure caused by the ion concentration difference between the inside and the outside of a gel. The other is the conformational change of the polymer network with decreasing of the polyion concentration.

An Asian variant of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: clinical, pathological and cytogenetic approaches to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with haemophagocytic syndrome

Abstract: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with haemophagocytic syndrome (BCL-HS) has been reported mainly in Asia and is regarded as a distinct variant of intravascular lymphoma (IVL). However, it is unclear whether all cases of BCL-HS fall within the framework of IVL and available clinical information is limited. We analysed 25 cases with BCL-HS, including 11 autopsied cases (median, 66 years; male-female ratio, 1.1:1). The patients presented with fever, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, haemophagocytosis, bone marrow invasion, respiratory disturbance and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, but usually lacked lymphadenopathy, mass formation, neurological abnormalities and skin lesions. The clinical course was aggressive with a median survival of 7 months. The morphological findings were uniform: large lymphoid cells infiltrated vessels and/or sinusoids of the liver, marrow, lung, kidney and other organs. They were positive for CD19, CD20, CD79a and HLA-DR, but negative for CD10, CD23 and CD30. CD5 was positive in five out of 17 cases. Our critical review indicates that BCL-HS is the equivalent of the Asian variant of IVL.

Exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An NOx absorbent (6, 6A) is installed in an exhaust conduit (4) of an internal combustion engine (2) capable of fuel combustion at lean air-fuel ratios. An oxygen concentration is repeatedly or continuously decreased by, for example, switching the air-fuel from the lean air-fuel ratio to a stoichiometric or rich air fuel ratio when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than 550°C or when NOx absorbent temperature is higher than 500°C. As a result, the SOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent (6, 6A) during lean air-fuel ratio, low temperature operation is released from the NOx absorbent (6, 6A), and the SOx-poisoned NOx absorbent is recovered.