Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Parking assistance device

Abstract: A parking assistance device has guidance means for guiding a vehicle to an initial position for parking which position enables parking of the vehicle to a space that is a space next to a tangible object around the vehicle and is located on the far side of the vehicle with respect to the direction of advancement of the vehicle; obstacle detection means for detecting an obstacle around the vehicle based on a reflected wave of a wave emitted from the vehicle in a predetermined direction; and timing setting means for setting a guidance start timing based on the result of the detection made by the obstacle detection means on the obstacle in the parking space within a predetermined distance from the tangible object.

Towards dense single-atom catalysts for future automotive applications

Abstract: CO oxidation is an important primary reaction in automotive catalysis, and has been studied extensively since the 1970s because of its fundamental nature and technological relevance to emission control regulations. In this Review, we investigate the development of state-of-the-art catalysts for CO oxidation and consider the important achievements in the design of good catalysts via a detailed scrutiny of CO oxidation pathways for single-atom and few-atom cluster catalysis, which constitute a subset of the emerging technology of atomically dispersed and nanostructured oxide-supported catalysts. We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance catalysts via chemical potential tuning, in which the size, structure, shape and degree of alloys are controlled to alter the electronic structure, catalyst-oxide support interactions and resulting interactions between adsorbates and the catalyst. We present a missing link in modern catalysis research in terms of the future development of automotive catalysts and related issues that must be satisfactorily resolved for sustainable and environment-friendly solutions. CO oxidation is an important reaction in automotive catalysis which has been extensively studied since the 1970s. In this Review, Higashi and Beniya examine the development of state-of-the-art catalysts, in particular focusing on CO oxidation pathways for single-atom and few-atom cluster catalysis.

Foam processing and cellular structure of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites

Abstract: Polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites (PPCNs) were autoclave-foamed in a batch process. Foaming was performed using supercritical CO 2 at 10 MPa, within the temperature range from 130.6°C to 143.4°C, i.e., below the melting temperature of either PPCNs or maleic anhydride-modified PP (PP-MA) matrix without clay. The foamed PP-MA and PPCN2 (prepared at 130.6°C and containing 2 wt% clay) show closed cell structures with pentagonal and/or hexagonal faces, while foams of PPCN4 and PPCN7.5 (prepared at 143.4°C, 4 and 7.5 wt% clay) had spherical cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that foamed PPCNs had high cell density of 10 7 -10 8 cells/mL, cell sizes in the range of 30-120 μm, cell wall thicknesses of 5-15 μm, and low densities of 0.05-0.3 g/mL. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopic observations of the PPCNs' cell structure showed biaxial flow-induced alignment of clay particles along the cell boundary. In this paper, the correlation between foam structure and rheological properties of the PPCNs is also discussed.

Fine structure of nylon-6 : clay hybrid

Abstract: Nylon-6–clay hybrid (NCH) is a molecular composite of Nylon-6 and uniformly dispersed silicate monolayers of montmorillonite. In this study, orientation of montmorillonite and Nylon-6 crystallites in the NCH film was measured by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron micrography (TEM), which revealed that, the silicate layers and the Nylon-6 crystallites (γ-form) have planar orientation, independent of montmorillonite content. Based on the crystal structure model proposed by Bradbury et al., it seems that hydrogen bonded sheet plane {020} or zigzag plane of molecular backbone {110} is parallel to the film surface. In contrast, crystallites in pure Nylon-6 film are randomly oriented. The degree of orientation of Nylon-6 crystallites increases with content of montmorillonite. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.