Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2015: the 2nd English edition

Abstract: Background The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery launched the clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas in 2008. Novel treatment modalities and handling of clinical issues have been proposed after the publication. New approaches for editing clinical guidelines, such as the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, also have been introduced for better and clearer grading of recommendations. Methods Clinical questions (CQs) were proposed in seven topics. Recommendation, grade of recommendation and statement for each CQ were discussed and finalized by evidence-based approach. Recommendation was graded to grade 1 (strong) and 2 (weak) according to the concept of GRADE system. Results The 29 CQs covered seven topics: (1) prophylactic treatment, (2) diagnosis, (3) biliary drainage, (4) surgical treatment, (5) chemotherapy, (6) radiation therapy, and (7) pathology. In 27 CQs, 19 recommendations were rated strong and 11 recommendations weak. Each CQ included the statement of how the recommendation was graded. Conclusions This guideline provides recommendation for important clinical aspects based on evidence. Future collaboration with cancer registry will be a key for assessment of the guidelines and establishment of new evidence. Free full-text articles and a mobile application of this guideline are available via http://www.jshbps.jp/en/guideline/biliary-tract2.html.

Boron Clusters as Highly Stable Magnesium‐Battery Electrolytes

Abstract: Boron clusters are proposed as a new concept for the design of magnesium-battery electrolytes that are magnesium-battery-compatible, highly stable, and noncorrosive. A novel carborane-based electrolyte incorporating an unprecedented magnesium-centered complex anion is reported and shown to perform well as a magnesium-battery electrolyte. This finding opens a new approach towards the design of electrolytes whose likelihood of meeting the challenging design targets for magnesium-battery electrolytes is very high.

Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites Simulated by Machine-Learning Force Fields Trained on the Fly with Bayesian Inference.

Abstract: Realistic finite temperature simulations of matter are a formidable challenge for first principles methods. Long simulation times and large length scales are required, demanding years of computing time. Here we present an on-the-fly machine learning scheme that generates force fields automatically during molecular dynamics simulations. This opens up the required time and length scales, while retaining the distinctive chemical precision of first principles methods and minimizing the need for human intervention. The method is widely applicable to multielement complex systems. We demonstrate its predictive power on the entropy driven phase transitions of hybrid perovskites, which have never been accurately described in simulations. Using machine learned potentials, isothermal-isobaric simulations give direct insight into the underlying microscopic mechanisms. Finally, we relate the phase transition temperatures of different perovskites to the radii of the involved species, and we determine the order of the transitions in Landau theory.

Control device for vehicular drive system

Abstract: A control device for a vehicular drive system is disclosed as including reverse drive for suppression means operative to preclude output member, such as an output shaft and drive wheels, of an automatic transmission portion from inputting a reverse drive force to a differential portion. This prevents a power transmitting member from rotating in a direction opposite to a rotational direction of the same with a running position being set. This suppresses a first electric-motor rotation speed, determined with an engine rotation speed and a power transmitting member rotation speed based on the relationship on mutually relative rotation speeds in the differential portion, from increasing to a high level. This results in improved durability of a first electric-motor.

Exhaust gas purification device of an engine

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device of an engine comprising a particulate filter arranged in an exhaust passage. An electric motor able to impart a vehicle drive power separate from the engine and able to generate electric power from the engine is provided. After the particulate filter finishes being warmed up, when the temperature of the particulate filter is low, the output torque of the engine is increased and the amount of increase of the output torque is consumed by the power generating action of the electric motor.