Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Drive control system for hybrid vehicles

Abstract: A drive control system for a hybrid vehicle in which an internal combustion engine is selectively coupled through a clutch mechanism to a power transmission line coupled to an electric motor. The drive control system comprises: motoring device for coupling the engine to the power transmission line to rotate the engine, with the feed of a fuel to the engine being stopped when the hybrid vehicle is driven to run by the output of the electric motor, by controlling the clutch mechanism in an applied state. Thus, it is possible to start the engine even at a low speed of the hybrid vehicle and to prevent the deterioration in the riding comfort, as might otherwise be caused by the fluctuation in a driving torque.

"Ideal" engineering alloys.

Abstract: A newly discovered group of alloys, called Gum Metals, approaches ideal strength in bulk form, exhibits significant plastic deformation prior to failure, and shows no indications of conventional-dislocation activity. Two conditions must be met for a material to exhibit this "ideal" behavior: (1) the stress required to trigger conventional-dislocation plasticity in the material must exceed its ideal strength, and (2) the material must be intrinsically ductile when stressed to ideal strength. Gum Metals satisfy both criteria, explaining their remarkable mechanical properties.

Hybrid vehicle and method of controlling hybrid vehicle

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle of the present invention, an engine EG is subjected to feedback control to attain a target revolving speed NE*. In the case of malfunction of an inverter P 1 for a generator GN, operation of the inverter P 1 is stopped. When the generator GN is driven to rotate at a predetermined rotational speed, a counter electromotive force arises in a multiphase phase coil of the generator GN. When a motor MG is connected to the generator GN as a loading, electric current runs via a protection diode of the inverter P 1 to implement power generation by the generator GN. The electric power generated by the generator GN is directly consumed by the motor MG. This arrangement enables the quantity of power generation to balance the quantity of consumption. Here the revolving speed of the engine EG is varied according to the loading applied to the vehicle. The arrangement of the present invention thus enables the amount of electric power generated by one of the generator GN and the motor MG to balance the amount of electric power consumed by the other of the generator GN and the motor MG, thus attaining a drive of the hybrid vehicle without using a secondary battery.

Thermodynamical stability of calcium borohydride Ca(BH4)(2)

Abstract: We have prepared pure $\mathrm{Ca}{(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{H}}_{4})}_{2}$ without any solvent adducts and determined its structural parameters by powder x-ray diffraction measurement. The crystal structure of $\mathrm{Ca}{(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{H}}_{4})}_{2}$ is found to be orthorhombic with space group $Fddd$ (No. 70). Using this structural information, the first-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the fundamental properties of $\mathrm{Ca}{(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{H}}_{4})}_{2}$. The interaction between Ca atoms and $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ complexes has an ionic character while the internal bonding of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ is essentially covalent. It is confirmed that $\mathrm{Ca}{(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{H}}_{4})}_{2}$ obeys the linear relationship between the heat of formation and the Pauling electronegativity of the cation, which has been proposed in a previous study [Nakamori et al., Phys. Rev. B 74, 045126 (2006)].