Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Exhaust gas. The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Unveiling What Is Written in the Stars: Analyzing Explicit, Implicit, and Discourse Patterns of Sentiment in Social Media

Abstract: Deciphering consumer’s sentiment expressions from Big Data (e.g., online reviews) has become a managerial priority to monitor product and service evaluations. However, Sentiment Analysis, the process of automatically distilling sentiment from text, provides little insight regarding the language granularities beyond the use of positive and negative words. Drawing on Speech Act Theory, this study provides a fine-grained analysis of the implicit and explicit language used by consumers to express sentiment in text. An empirical text mining study using more than 45,000 consumer reviews, demonstrates the differential impacts of activation levels (e.g., tentative language), implicit sentiment expressions (e.g., commissive language), and discourse patterns (e.g., incoherence) on overall consumer sentiment (i.e., star ratings). In two follow-up studies, we demonstrate that these speech act features also influence the readers’ behavior and are generalizable to other social media contexts such as Twitter and Facebook. We contribute to research on consumer sentiment analysis by offering a more nuanced understanding of consumer sentiments and their implications

A recursive vesicle-based model protocell with a primitive model cell cycle

Abstract: Self-organized lipid structures (protocells) have been proposed as an intermediate between nonliving material and cellular life. Synthetic production of model protocells can demonstrate the potential processes by which living cells first arose. While we have previously described a giant vesicle (GV)-based model protocell in which amplification of DNA was linked to self-reproduction, the ability of a protocell to recursively self-proliferate for multiple generations has not been demonstrated. Here we show that newborn daughter GVs can be restored to the status of their parental GVs by pH-induced vesicular fusion of daughter GVs with conveyer GVs filled with depleted substrates. We describe a primitive model cell cycle comprising four discrete phases (ingestion, replication, maturity and division), each of which is selectively activated by a specific external stimulus. The production of recursive self-proliferating model protocells represents a step towards eventual production of model protocells that are able to mimic evolution.

Variable valve system

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism is installed to change the operating angle and lift amount of an intake valve in accordance with the rotation position of a control shaft. A worm wheel is secured to the control shaft. The worm wheel is coupled to a motor actuator via a worm gear. The motor actuator is controlled during a normal operation so that the rotation position of the control shaft changes within a normal rotation range. A low-end stopper and high-end stopper are installed outside the normal rotation range to mechanically restrict the rotation of the control shaft.

Drive device for vehicle

Abstract: A vehicle driving apparatus is provided which can execute cranking of an internal combustion engine by transmitting a mechanical power from a rotor of a motor to an engine output shaft without executing an engaging/disengaging operation of a clutch. A driving apparatus 10 of a hybrid vehicle 1 includes a first speed change mechanism 30 capable of receiving the mechanical power from an engine output shaft 8 by a first input shaft 27 and transmitting the mechanical power to drive wheels 88, a second speed change mechanism 40 capable of receiving the mechanical power from the engine output shaft 8 and a rotor 52 by a second input shaft 28 engaged with the rotor 52 and transmitting the mechanical power to the drive wheels 88, a first clutch 21 capable of engaging the engine output shaft 8 with the first input shaft 27, and a second clutch 22 capable of engaging the engine output shaft 8 with the second input shaft 28, wherein the second clutch 22 is placed in an engaged state when operation force for executing an engaging/disengaging operation is not applied to the second clutch 22.

Vehicular drive system

Abstract: Vehicular drive system which is small-sized and/or improved in its fuel economy. A power distributing mechanism 16 , which is provided with a differential-state switching device in the form of a switching clutch C 0 and a switching brake B 0 , is switchable by the switching device between a differential state (continuously-variable shifting state) in which the mechanism is operable as an electrically controlled continuously variable transmission, and a fixed-speed-ratio shifting state in which the mechanism is operable as a transmission having a fixed speed ratio or ratios. The power distributing mechanism 16 is placed in the fixed-speed-ratio shifting state during a high-speed running of the vehicle or a high-speed operation of engine 8 , so that the output of the engine 8 is transmitted to drive wheels 38 primarily through a mechanical power transmitting path, whereby fuel economy of the vehicle is improved owing to reduction of a loss of conversion of a mechanical energy into an electric energy. The mechanism 16 is also placed in the fixed-speed-ratio shifting state during a high-output operation of the engine 8 , so that the required electric reaction of first electric motor M 1 can be reduced, whereby the required size of the first electric motor M 1 , and the required size of the drive system 10 including the electric motor M 1 can be reduced.