Showing papers by "Trinity College, Dublin published in 1970"

Flow past a stretching plate

Abstract: Eine Platte aus plastischem Material fliesst aus einem Spalt mit einer Geschwindigkeit, die proportional zum Abstand vom Spalt ist. Eine exakte Losung der Grenzschichtgleichungen fur die von der Platte erzeugte Luftbewegung wird gegeben. Oberflachenreibung und Warmeleitungskoeffizient werden berechnet.

Acylglucoses of the corynebacteria and mycobacteria.

Abstract: Acylglucoses have been identified as major components of the soluble lipids of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Mycobacterium smegmatis and BCG, grown in the presence of glucose. These have been purified and the structures determined. All contain one fatty acid per mole of glucose. Mass spectrometry of the methylated lipids and other methylation studies and periodate oxidation indicate that the fatty acids are esterified to position 6 of the glucose. The major fatty acid of the acylglucose from C. diphtheriae and M. smegmatis is corynomycolic acid .

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GENITO-URINARY TUBERCULOSIS: A Report on 762 Cases1

Abstract: SUMMARY 1 The surgical treatment of 762 cases of genito-urinary tuberculosis is reported. 2 The indication for and results of radical operations and operations to relieve obstruction are reviewed.

Colonization of freshly bared pine sapwood surfaces by staining fungi

Abstract: Bluestain fungi are known to infect pine logs from the cross-cut ends and from bark beetle tunnels, but the importance of man-made bark wounds as infection courts has not been investigated. Evidence is presented to show that sticky-spored Ceratocystis spp. invade wounds where the tangential wood surface is protected from light and desiccation but are unable to invade either tangential or cross-cut surfaces which are exposed to light and desiccation. The freely exposed surfaces are colonized by common airborne dematiaceous saprophytes, which give a superficial appearance of stain. Insecticide treatment prevents bark beetle damage and significantly reduces the incidence of Ceratocystis spp., but does not entirely prevent it and has no effect on airborne staining fungi. The incidence of all fungi is highest in the late summer months.

The effects of isoniazid on the carbohydrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG

Abstract: 1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG was usually grown in glycerol-asparagine-casein hydrolysate medium. A soluble fraction was obtained from the cells with aq. 50% ethanol; unbound lipids were then removed and the cells were treated with dilute alkali to give, after acidification, an alkali-extractable fraction and an insoluble fraction. On occasion, lipopolysaccharides were obtained by extracting with phenol or dimethyl sulphoxide instead of alkali. The soluble fraction contained, particularly after long extraction, polysaccharide containing mainly glucose, in addition to trehalose and monosaccharides and their derivatives. The alkali-extractable fraction contained polysaccharides containing mannose, glucose, arabinose, galactose and 6-O-methylglucose. These could be resolved into three fractions of markedly different molecular size. It is argued that the high-molecular-weight materials originated from the outside of the cell envelope and the medium-molecular-weight materials from a middle layer of the envelope. 2. Exposure of the growing cells to isoniazid, usually at 1 or 10mug/ml for 6-12h, increased the total cell carbohydrate, mainly due to an increase in trehalose and in insoluble glucan. It also facilitated the extraction of polysaccharide into the medium and the soluble fraction. This produced about a 25% decrease in the amount of carbohydrate in the alkaline-extractable fraction, mainly due to a fall in glucose, arabinose and 6-O-methylglucose. The decrease was confined to polysaccharides of large and medium molecular weight. When intact lipopolysaccharides were extracted, their amount was also decreased by isoniazid. 3. Substitution of ammonium sulphate for asparagine and casein hydrolysate in the medium, so that glycerol was the sole carbon source, decreased the carbohydrate accumulation brought about by isoniazid but did not alter its effect on polysaccharide extraction. 4. Growth with (14)C-labelled substrates showed that glycerol provided two to four times as much of the cell carbon as did asparagine, when both were present. Under these conditions isoniazid inhibited the incorporation of carbon atoms from asparagine into the cells, but had little effect on the total incorporation from glycerol. These experiments also showed that the effect of isoniazid on alkali-extractable polysaccharides was due to their loss to the soluble fraction and external medium. 5. It is suggested that isoniazid inhibits a pathway (probably the synthesis of mycolic acid) involved in the formation of the cell envelope, and that this inhibition results in some re-channelling of intermediates into carbohydrate synthesis and in some loss of polysaccharides through damage to the envelope.

The lipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG: Fractionation, composition, turnover and the effects of isoniazid

Abstract: Prolonged exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid has been found to reduce the amount of extractable lipid, particularly lipid solubilized by cold methanol 1. It has been reported 2 that exposure of Mycobacterium avium to isoniazid for short periods leads to an increase in extractable lipid and to a decrease in the amount of fatty acid, with a reduction in the amounts of these fatty acids of chain length greater than C,, relative to the amounts of palmitic and stearic acids. There is also evidence that isoniazid produces an immediate slight inhibition of the incorporation of acetate into M. tuberculosis and a considerable inhibition after eight days 3, and there is also a report' that isoniazid inhibits the incorporation of acetate by cell-free extracts of M. avium into fatty acids, though this was not found with extracts of M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium smegmati~ ~.

Physiological studies of some fungi isolated from peat

Abstract: Data were obtained for some environmental factors in cut-away peat. The physiology and nutrition of several fungi common in various raised bog peats were studied to discover potential for growth of these fungi under field conditions. Several of the fungi common only in peat were particularly successful in competition experiments on agar plates, though their absolute growth rate was very slow by comparison with the cosmopolitan species.

Economic Regulation and the Cloth Industry in seventeenth-century England

Abstract: Preoccupation with the policies of governments as a major theme in the history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is now unfashionable with economic historians. However, masters of Oxford colleges and professors of social history can afford to be out of fashion. According to Mr Hill, ‘The Middle Ages in industry and internal trade also ended in 1641, when the central government lost its power to grant monopolies and to control the administration of poor relief. Attempts to prohibit the activities of middlemen, whether in industry or agriculture now ended…Guild regulations and the privileges of town oligarchies, long opposed by the common lawyers, became far more difficult to enforce…in the long run England's economic liberty, unique at that time in Europe, had a stimulating effect, especially noticeable after 1688 confirmed the political gains of the earlier revolution.’ Or as Professor Perkin claims '… the landed rulers of England… from the Restoration adopted the dynamic policy of laissez-faire in internal industry which Adam Smith… was to advocate in foreign trade.’ ‘Laissez-faire… was the direct consequence of the breakdown at the Civil War of the “Privy Council” system of central control.

The microbiology of cut-away peat iv. autecological studies

Abstract: Fungi occurring commonly in cut-away peat were selected for autecological study, being chosen to represent both cosmopolitan and indigenous elements of the peat flora. A fungus alien to peat,Fusarium culmorum, was also included in the study. The germination in peat of the spores of these species and their ability to grow and colonise organic material added to peat were examined. It was concluded that the cosmopolitan element was composed of efficient saprophytes but that the ability of their spores to germinate in unamended peat was limited. Although Fusarium spores germinated, the germ tubes subsequently formed chlamydospores. Only spores of the indigenous peat fungi germinated well in peat but their growth habit was not suited to the colonisation and utilisation of organic matter, added to peat, in competition with the cosmopolitan flora. The concept of ‘source potential’ is introduced to explain the variance in fungal growth from different substrate bases.

On stationary systems with spherical symmetry consisting of many gravitating masses

Abstract: In 1939 Einstein published a paper with the above title in which he investigated the gravitational field of a spherically symmetric system consisting of a large number of gravitating particles of equal masses moving in concentric circular orbits, randomly oriented in space, under the influence of the field produced by all the particles together. His object was to show that Schwarzschild-like singularities do not exist in cases which have physical reality. In a paper published in 1964 Misra claimed that the field equations set up by Einstein were « mixed up and erroneous » but that Einstein’s final results were valid. It is shown in the present paper that, although Einstein’s paper is extremely confusing and contains some mistakes, Misra’s criticisms are completely unfounded. A general and clear derivation of Einstein’s results is given in this paper.

Marc Tapes in Trinity College Library

Abstract: The Library is now in a position to check the receipt of copyright accessions by matching incoming publications with the bibliographic data on the British Marc tapes, distributed by the BNB. The Copyright Agency can be notified of material which has not been received or perhaps not even been claimed by the Agency; claims must be submitted to publishers within 12 months of publication date. It is possible to establish both for the Library and for readers within the subject fields prescribed by them, what current British copyright material has been received each week, before it is catalogued. When American Marc tapes, also to be distributed by BNB, covering North American and a wide selection of new European publications become available to the Library for book selection and ordering, (= phase 2), readers will receive a second listing of SDI. This second listing is, in fact, a current awareness service of new published books and does not correspond to the Library's accessions. The Library is now introducing catalogue worksheets for the production of machine readable records of secondhand and noncopyright material acquired by the Library, as well as ‘BNB exclusion’, i.e., anything not on BNB Marc tapes. Once the records have been fed into the system from the catalogue worksheets, readers may receive accession lists of all books received in the Library and included in the classified catalogue on the subjects they have specified for their SDI profile.

The Apathetic Majority: Political Socialization of University Students in Nationalist China

Abstract: In Nationalist China, political science research projects are done in the library. Few professors are familiar with survey research field work, so popular in the West. Yet many political science students are eager to become acquainted with the new methods. In 1968, I was asked to teach a graduate seminar in "Western Methods of Political Science Research," a course that had never been offered before at National Taiwan University. In view of the interests of the students, it seemed logical not merely to teach general principles of survey design and statistics but actually to do a research project. After some discussion, the class decided to investigate student political participation, since the most accessible subjects for investigation were the young men and women at the University.

Social factors in growing a brain

Abstract: The data on diet seems clear. It would appear that any society wishing to improve itself should continue and expand present campaigns to upgrade the protein and fat in the diets of its pregnant women.

"Santa Bárbara" and "La casa de Bernarda Alba"

Abstract: A characteristic feature of Lorca's poetry and drama is his frequent use of popular material: lullabies and children's songs, popular rhymes and superstitions, ballads and cante jondo. Sometimes th...

Changes in acid base components of blood on storage at room temperature

Abstract: Blood gas analysis of non fluoride containing capillary blood specimens stored at room temperature for up to two hours showed that: (i) Such specimens are suitable for the assessment of acid base status for up to one hour: and (ii) that the first capillary sample invariably gives a lower pH value than subsequent replicates.