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Showing papers by "Trinity College, Dublin published in 1971"


Journal ArticleDOI
05 Mar 1971-Nature
TL;DR: In the Low Countries, Scandinavia, East Anglia, and Wales, the remains of former pingos or ice-lens mounds are known as mentioned in this paper, and they are also widely distributed in the south of Ireland.
Abstract: REMAINS of former pingos or ice-lens mounds are known in the Low Countries, Scandinavia, East Anglia1 and Wales2. They are also widely distributed in the south of Ireland.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An enzyme (EC 2.8.2.1) that catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate to phenols was purified from male rat livers and the K(m) value for either substrate is independent of the concentration of the other.
Abstract: 1. An enzyme (EC 2.8.2.1) that catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate to phenols was purified approx. 2000-fold from male rat livers. 2. The purified preparation did not catalyse the sulphurylation of dehydroepiandrosterone, butan-1-ol, l-tyrosine methyl ester, 1-naphthylamine or serotonin. 3. At pH8.0 and 37°C the K m values of the enzyme for p -nitrophenol and adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate are 51 and 14μm respectively. The K m value for either substrate is independent of the concentration of the other. 4. The sulphurylation of phenol is inhibited by thiol compounds and glutathione at a concentration of 3mm caused an approx. 50% decrease in enzyme activity. 5. The K m of the enzyme for adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate is unaffected by the presence of added glutathione but at a concentration of 5mm-glutathione the K m of the enzyme for its phenolic substrate is decreased.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general relation is derived which describes the spatio-temporal behaviour of space charge in an ideal dielectric medium, which is used to determine the behaviour of a parallel plate capacitor which contains space charges near its electrodes.
Abstract: A general relation is derived which describes the spatio-temporal behaviour of space charge in an ideal dielectric medium. (Diffusion effects are neglected.) This result is used to determine the behaviour of a parallel plate capacitor which contains space charges near its electrodes. Expressions are derived for the variation with time of the potential difference between the plates following the removal of an applied voltage and for the external current which flows when the plates are connected together. Symmetrical and asymmetrical charge distributions are considered.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease was partially purified from iron-limited Mycobacterium smegmatis and showed a strong preference for native DNA, and was completely dependent on the presence of a riboside, or deoxyribe, triphosphate and Mg2+.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mode of development of urinary infection in intermittently catheterised male paraplegics and the role of HBIs in this development is unclear.
Abstract: The mode of development of urinary infection in intermittently catheterised male paraplegics

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Monte Carlo method for the computation of electron trajectories in solids is described, based on the Bethe energy loss law and the Rutherford scattering equation, and predictions are made on the transmission, backscattering, angular distribution and energy spectrum of electrons passing through thin films.
Abstract: A description is given of a Monte Carlo method for the computation of electron trajectories in solids. The calculations are based on the Bethe energy loss law and the Rutherford scattering equation. By assembling a large number of these trajectories, predictions are made on the transmission, backscattering, angular distribution and energy spectrum of electrons passing through thin films. The results are in good agreement with experimental data on the passage of electrons, initially of energy from 5 to 30 keV, through aluminium, aluminium oxide, copper and gold.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problems often associated with aversion therapy led the authors of as discussed by the authors to make use of a classical conditioning paradigm in the treatment of a young pedophiliac, initially employing pictures of young girls as the UCS and of mature women as the CS, was successful in effecting normal heterosexual responsiveness outside the clinic as well as in the laboratory situation.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
06 Aug 1971-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that the observed effects can also be interpreted as scintillations produced in the eye lens by the passage of multiply charged cosmic rays.
Abstract: THE observations by Apollo astronauts of light flashes in the eye during lunar flights have been interpreted by Fazio et al.1 as Cerenkov radiation. These authors have also considered the possibility of direct stimulation of the retinal cells by the passage of cosmic rays. I wish to show that the observed effects can also be interpreted as scintillations produced in the eye lens by the passage of multiply charged cosmic rays.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general expression for the fourth moment of a partially drawn polymer in terms of a set of coefficients which describe the molecular chain orientation, on the basis of a model in which the drawn film is regarded as an aggregate of units aligned by the drawing process.
Abstract: Measurements of the anisotropy in the nuclear magnetic resonance fourth moment for proton resonance of a number of drawn polyethylene films are reported. A general expression is derived for the fourth moment of a partially drawn polymer in terms of a set of coefficients which describe the molecular chain orientation, on the basis of a model in which the drawn film is regarded as an aggregate of units aligned by the drawing process. The orientation coefficients have the form IMG1 where Δ is the angle which a typical unit makes with the draw axis. The IMG2 and IMG3 coefficients determined from fourth moment considerations are in good agreement with values derived in an earlier paper from second moment data, and these coefficients therefore provide a firm basis for the description of the distributions of molecular chains in the drawn polymer. Higher order orientation coefficients are estimated on the basis of a smoothing procedure which suggests itself from x-ray diffraction measurements on the drawn polymer. The distributions predicted by the combined nmr and smoothed orientation coefficients are consistent with distributions obtained from x-ray diffraction data. The results confirm that the anisotropy of the nmr signal can be attributed to preferred orientation of the crystalline regions of the polymer. The predicted distributions are very non-affine in character. Finally there is reasonable agreement between the measured mechanical anisotropy and that predicted on the basis of the aggregate model using both nmr and x-ray diffraction data.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the low frequency relative permittivity and its temperature and pressure derivatives, at 20°C, were reported for LiF, LiCl, NaF, NaCl and NaBr, NaI, KF, KCl, KBr, KI, RbBr and RbI, CsBr and CsI.
Abstract: The low frequency relative permittivity and its temperature and pressure derivatives, at 20°C, are reported for LiF, LiCl, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KF, KCl, KBr, KI, RbBr, RbI, CsBr and CsI.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Germination was stimulated by isocaproic acid but not by straight-chain C5 to C11 fatty acids or by the amino acids leucine and iso-leucine; cholesterol at a concentration of 1 ppm was inhibitory.
Abstract: The effects of a number of organic compounds on the germination of spores of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lange) Pilat has been investigated and a preliminary analysis of spore lipids carried out. Germination was stimulated by isocaproic acid but not by straight-chain C5 to C11 fatty acids or by the amino acids leucine and iso-leucine. Cholesterol at a concentration of 1 ppm was inhibitory. The lipid reserve of the spore comprised mono-, di- and tri-glycerides, free fatty acids and sterols. The phospholipid fraction was unusually small and contained a lecithin and cephalin fraction, phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin phosphatidic acid; phosphatidylcholine being the most prominent component. The role of lipids and various germination stimulants in the physiology of A. bisporus spores is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a suitable distribution of near domain size magnetite grains is suggested as a possible source of these two components, which are both found in the Lower Carboniferous Limestones of southern Ireland.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Deoxyribonuclease can be detected by the decoloration of methyl green-DNA embedded in an agarose gel by utilizing the radius of the decolorized spot proportional to the logarithm of the enzyme concentration over a wide range of concentrations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Temperature, by regulating the rate of nymphal development and the sex ratio, alters the constitution of a population throughout the year and relative humidity is not normally an important factor in the ecology of the species.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1971
TL;DR: The Larnian is best known in its para-Neolithic tradition associated with the coastal phenomena of the Raised Beaches and their middens, and perhaps even to question the Mesolithic status of the whole industry.
Abstract: ‘There thus appears to be good reason at least to believe that the Larnian is best known in its para-Neolithic tradition associated with the coastal phenomena of the Raised Beaches and their middens, and perhaps even to question the Mesolithic status of the whole industry’ (Herity, 1970) .

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1971-Lethaia
TL;DR: New material from the Long Mountain, Welsh Borderland and North Wales, which includes several complete rhabdosomes in both monograptid and diversograptids stages of growth, some preliminary observations are made on the regularity of development of the sicular cladium in this species.
Abstract: The confused taxonomic history of the Ludlow graptolite species Neodiversograptus nilssoni (Barrande, 1850) is reviewed and shown to be unstable, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since there is no valid holotype. Moreover, recent work has also shown that the previous conception of the species included two separate taxa—N. nilssoni and Cucullograptus (Lobograptus) progenitor. As a result, an application has been made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to rationalize the situation and designate a neotype. Previous records of ‘Monograptus nilssoni’ in the British Isles have been found to be referable to L. progenitor, and N. nilssoni is now recorded for the first time in this area. Thus the importance of recognising this basal Ludlow graptolite zone is emphasised. On the basis of this new material from the Long Mountain, Welsh Borderland and North Wales, which includes several complete rhabdosomes in both monograptid and diversograptid (bipolar) stages of growth, some preliminary observations are made on the regularity of development of the sicular cladium in this species. Systematic descriptions of both N. nilssoni and L. progenitor are included.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of some investigations with the M. smegmatis enzyme are reported, designed to determine whether a complex between it and the DNA could be demonstrated and whether ATP plays a role in the formation of such a complex.

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Oct 1971-Nature
TL;DR: This metabolic pathway is investigated using the alkyl substituted glutamine, L-γ-glutamylmethylamide, which yields methylamine, and there is no direct evidence for the glutaminase I pathway, which has been demonstrated in man.
Abstract: THE principal mechanism whereby excess hydrogen ions are excreted in man is by renal production of ammonia and subsequent urinary excretion as ammonium. The major and direct source of this renal ammoniagenesis is glutamine1. Two distinct metabolic pathways of glutamine metabolism have been demonstrated in rat, guinea-pig and dog. The intramitochondrial glutaminase I isoenzymes which hydrolyse glutamine to ammonia and glutamic acid and its subsequent deamidation to ammonia and 2-oxo-glutarate constitute the major metabolic route in the rat2. The extramitochondrial glutamine-aminotransferase-ω-amidase pathway (glutaminase II), however, has been shown to be important in the dog3. In man, whereas the glutaminase I pathway has been demonstrated4 there is no direct evidence for the latter metabolic pathway. We investigated this metabolic pathway using the alkyl substituted glutamine, L-γ-glutamylmethylamide. In contrast to glutamine, this substituted compound on deamidation yields methylamine5.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that subjects of the Easy Group responded less to compounds presumably containing only incidental cues than did subjects in the Difficult Group on both reinforced and non-reinforced trials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques were employed to isolate and characterize the melanin-dispersing principle from the sinus gland of the shore crab Carcinus meanas (I.), and the hormone has been purified about 38-fold and a molecular weight of 3500 determined from the gel-filtration data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Malignant blue naevi are extremely rare, and the receipt of such a case has led to the presentation of this report.
Abstract: A CASE of malignant blue naevus of the foot with metastasis to an inguinal lymph node is reported and the histological features which led to the diagnosis are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Rarita-Schwinger equation for the vector-spinor field with arbitrary parameters has three solutions for some values of the parameters; for some other values it has two solutions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Smith-degraded proteoglycan was a substrate for xylosyl transfer from UDP-[14C]xylose in the chick-embryo-cartilage system of Robinson et al. (1966) and has been of particular value in the purification of the soluble fraction of the xylOSyltransferase that constitutes 80-90% of the total activity of a cartilage homogenate.
Abstract: The first reaction in the biosynthesis of the polysaccharide chains of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan is the transfer of xylose from UDPxylose to serine hydroxyl groups of a peptide acceptor. Xylose transfer to endogenous acceptors has been shown in several tissue systems (Grebner, Hall & Neufeld, 1966; Robinson, Telser & Dorfman, 1966) and, more recently, exogenous acceptors have become available, including the tripeptide Ser-Gly-Gly and peptides from the carbohydrateprotein linkage region of the cartilage proteoglycan (Baker & Roden, 1970). Afar better acceptor has been isolated by Smith degradation of the intact proteoglyean in the following way. Proteoglycan from bovine nasal cartilage (Hascall & Sajdera, 1969) was oxidized with 0.05 M-sodium periodate at pH5.0 in 0.25M-sodium perchlorate for 3 days (Scott, 1968). After dialysis the product was reduced with borohydride, and after acidification to pH 1.0 the solution was kept at room temperature for 3 days. Little or no peptide-bond cleavage occurred under these conditions. The protein core of the proteoglyean was recovered in the void volume from a column of Sephadex G-200, and was free of chondroitin sulphate, although keratan sulphate chains remained. The Smith-degraded proteoglycan was a substrate for xylosyl transfer from UDP-[14C]xylose in the chick-embryo-cartilage system of Robinson et al. (1966). This exogenous acceptor has been of particular value in the purification (Stoolmiller, 1971) ofthe soluble fraction ofthe xylosyltransferase that constitutes 80-90% of the total activity of a cartilage homogenate. In a survey of the substrate specificity of the particulate xylosyltransferase (sedimenting between 100OOg and 100000g), many proteins were tested and found to be inactive as acceptors. However, ribonuclease B stimulated incorporation into endogenous as well as exogenous acceptor threeto four-fold, but was not itself an acceptor. The stimulatory effect was due to solubilization of xylosyltransferase, and after repeated treatments of the 1000OOg pellet with ribonuclease the amount of solubilized enzyme approached that present in the soluble fraction of the homogenate. When chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 the ribonuclease-solubilized enzyme emerged at an effluent volume corresponding to a molecular weight of approx. 120000.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DNA polymerase was purified 500-fold from extracts of iron-limited Mycobacterium smegmatis, which already contained 3-fold higher activity than normal and showed a strong synthesis-dependent exonuclease activity, interpreted as 5′-exonucleasing, which was less stable than the polymerase activity.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: B.663, now known as Clofazimine, forms the active component of the antileprosy preparation Lamprene (Geigy).
Abstract: In 1957 in a communication from these laboratories the remarkable antimycobacterial activity of B.663, 3-(P.-chloroanilino)-10-(P.-chlorophenyl)-2,10-dihydro-2-(isopropylimino)-phenazine, was first described (1). B.663, now known as Clofazimine, forms the active component of the antileprosy preparation Lamprene (Geigy).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a well-known passage of Plato's Protagoras the sophist of that name is made to suggest that what makes a society or community of human beings possible is their possession of δίκη and αίδώϧ, which are given to them by Zeus as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In a well-known passage of Plato's Protagoras the sophist of that name is made to suggest that what makes a society or community of human beings possible is their possession of δίκη and αίδώϧ, which are given to them by Zeus. But though all men have these qualities, they are not ‘natural’ in the way that ugliness or beauty of face is natural. They are acquired; and Protagoras gives a detailed description of how they are inculcated, first by parents, then by schoolmasters, and then by laws. The view that these qualities are peculiar to men was, of course, not a new one. Already in the Works and Days Hesiod writes, And again the age of lawlessness and violence is described as

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An unknown seed from the Gort (Hoxnian) Interglacial deposit, Ireland, is a species of Nymphoides, probably the North American species N. cordata (Ell.) Fern.
Abstract: Summary ‘Menyanthes microsperma’, an unknown seed from the Gort (Hoxnian) Interglacial deposit, Ireland, is a species of Nymphoides, probably the North American species N. cordata (Ell.) Fern.

Journal ArticleDOI