Showing papers by "Tripura Institute of Technology published in 2020"

Ubiquitous Manufacturing in the Age of Industry 4.0: A State-of-the-Art Primer

Abstract: The industrial revolution has changed the socio-economic civilisation of mankind. It started dating back in the late 1700s and has been in continuous evolution since then. Presently, we are experiencing the latest industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0. Among others, ubiquitous technologies probably have been the most influential in the implementation of Industry 4.0. This has led to a new manufacturing paradigm known as ubiquitous manufacturing. This chapter presents an in-depth discussion on different aspects of ubiquitous manufacturing. In addition to the history of industrial revolutions and the fundamentals of ubiquitous manufacturing, the topics such as production planning and scheduling, automated material handling system, and dynamic manufacturing are meticulously discussed from the perspective of the real-life scenarios, in the age of ubiquitous manufacturing. The ubiquitous technologies that have enabled ubiquitous manufacturing are reviewed in detail. Several other related and advanced manufacturing technologies such as cloud manufacturing, cloud robotics, global manufacturing, lean manufacturing, agile manufacturing, additive manufacturing, chaordic manufacturing, etc. are duly accentuated. A futuristic view on Industry 5.0 is also presented.

Modified Spider Monkey Optimization-Based Optimal Placement of Distributed Generators in Radial Distribution System for Voltage Security Improvement

Abstract: Due to increase in load demand the use of distributed generation has been increased in the distribution system. Voltage profile as well as voltage security state of the distribution system can be i...

Mathematical model on magneto-hydrodynamic dispersion in a porous medium under the influence of bulk chemical reaction

Abstract: The mathematical model of hydrodynamic dispersion through a porous medium is developed in the presence of transversely applied magnetic fields and axial harmonic pressure gradient. The solute introduce into the flow is experienced a first-order chemical reaction with flowing liquid. The dispersion coefficient is numerically determined using Aris’s moment equation of solute concentration. The numerical technique employed here is a finite difference implicit scheme. Dispersion coefficient behavior with Darcy number, Hartmann number and bulk flow reaction parameter is investigated. This study highlighted that the dependency of Hartmann number and Darcy number on dispersion shows different natures in different ranges of these parameters.

Load Frequency Control of Hybrid Power System Incorporating Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Considering AC Transmission Links

Abstract: In modern power system, the participation of Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in contributing to ancillary services like frequency regulation is probable to increase due to their fast charging/discharging capabilities. Renewable energy sources (RES) also play an important role in meeting the power demand and indirectly, minimizing the utilization of fossil fuels by the conventional power plants, but their behavior is very intermittent in nature which may cause frequency fluctuations. V2G technology can be used for meeting the imbalance in demand and generation. In view of these points, this paper proposes a load frequency control scheme with the participation of RES and V2G which can enhance the system dynamics under load fluctuations. For this, a multi-source system is designed with a solar-thermal power plant (STPP) and a thermal unit in Area-1, gas and thermal unit along with an electric vehicle (EV) fleet in Area-2, and two thermal units and an EV fleet in Area-3. The application of wind driven optimized two degree of freedom proportional–integral–derivative controller as secondary controller has been attempted in this work. The impact of addition of STPP and EVs into the system is verified in terms of reduction of magnitude and numbers of oscillations of the system responses.

An Efficient VLSI Test Data Compression Scheme for Circular Scan Architecture Based on Modified Ant Colony Meta-heuristic

Abstract: A new test data compression scheme for circular scan architecture is proposed in this paper. A stochastic heuristic based bio-inspired optimization approach namely ant colony algorithm (ACO) is applied after modification and customization to improve compression efficiency. In circular scan architecture, test data compression is achieved by updating the conflicting bits between the most recently captured response and test vector to be applied next. The quantity of conflicting bits also manifests the Hamming distance between the most recently captured response and the next test vector. A significant reduction in test data volume and test application time is achieved by reducing Hamming distance. The problem is renovated as a traveling salesman problem (TSP). The test vectors are presumed as cities and Hamming distance between a pair of test vectors is treated as intercity distance and a modified ACO algorithm in combination with mutation operator is applied here to resolve this combinatorial optimization problem. The experimental results confirm the efficacy of this approach. An average improvement of 6.36% in compression ratio and 4.77% in test application time is achieved. The exhibited technique sustains an optimal level of performance without incurring any extra DFT (design for testability) cost.

Taguchi-based Optimization of Process Parameters for Quality Weld of Tungsten Inert Gas Bead-on Plate Welding on Low Carbon Steel

Abstract: It is of great significance to select appropriate welding process parameters and their limits for quality weld in any welding process. Optimization of any welding process variables is markedly difficult because welding is a multi-factors process, which is impacted by lots process unpredictability. In this study, a multi-response optimization process has been applied for Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) bead-on plate welding on low carbon steel. Taguchi’s method has been introduced for the designing of experiments with the intension of reducing the number of experimental runs. Three welding process parameters—current (I) from 130-190A, traverse speed(S) 0.30-0.75 m/min and gas flow rate (Gf) 12-18 lit./min with a constant voltage 25 V were considered in this analysis. The weld bead geometry viz. weld penetration, weld bead width or thickness and haz (heat affected zone) thickness were measured and also investigated the grain sizes and hardness of haz. The ANOVA (analysis of variance method) has been introduced to assess the significance of the parameters on overall quality of the weldment. It shows the workability of the Grey-based Taguchi method in manufacturing world for ongoing development in product quality. It has been noticed that the process variables were seriously impacted on weld bead as well as hardness and grains size of the haz.

An Experimental Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Methyl Ester with Ethanol Additive: A Fuzzy-Based Optimization Approach

Abstract: Researches on alternate fuels have been gaining the attention of researchers worldwide due to the energy crisis. The fossil fuel sources which are used as the most important resource of energy at present are not enough to meet the increasing energy demand. The whole world is now searching for renewable energy sources. Biodiesel reduces the emission of harmful gases to the environment. Biodiesel was produced from the palm kernel oil using transesterification process. In the present experiment, the engine was fueled with diesel and blends containing 5, 10, and 15% of palm kernel methyl ester. The developed Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) fuzzy model predictions show the correlation coefficients in the range 0.908–0.998 for B15 as it has given a better performance and emission than other blends.

An Efficient Semiautomatic Active Contour Model of Liver Tumor Segmentation from CT Images

Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) image is one of the most extensively used imaging modalities for revealing and analyzing tumors as it has a higher spatial resolution, faster imaging speed relatively lower cost compared to MRI. The liver tumor volumetry requires the tumor segmentation in three dimensions which is performed manually tracing the tumor regions on slices which are tiresome and prolonged also, and the volume of manual demarcation is subjective. The major challenging task in liver tumor segmentation is due to the significant variation in location, shape, intensity and texture. This makes it difficult to develop a universal computer algorithm that is applicable for all cases. In this paper, an efficient semiautomatic technique for segmentation of liver tumor from CT images is proposed. The technique is based on semiautomated segmentation approach based on active contour segmentation using the level set method. The proposed approach consists of mainly four stages. In the first stage, the region of interest (ROI) image is initialized, which contains the liver tumor region in the CT image extraction using seed points; in the second stage, resampling and segmentation of ROI is done for reducing the noise and enhancing the boundaries; in the third stage, threshold values adjustment and seed point calculations are carried out; and in the fourth stage, the post-processing is done to extract and refine the liver tumor boundaries. The proposed technique is compared with the region growing algorithms that require filling holes and removing small connected components that can be achieved by using binary morphological operations: opening to remove small connected components and closing to fill holes. The liver tumors detected by the scheme were compared with those manually traced by experts, used as the ground truth results. The study was evaluated on two datasets of tumors. The proposed scheme obtained the Dice similarity coefficient 0.938 and the Jaccard similarity coefficient 0.883. The mean surface distance, the median surface distance and the maximal surface distance were 0.025, 0.712 and 2.828 mm, respectively. With the proposed scheme, the time requisite is reduced significantly and proves to be helpful to the observer in better visualizing the probable tumors inside the liver. The proposed method represents the 3D reconstruction of segmented tumors within the liver.

Source/Drain (S/D) Spacer-Based Reconfigurable Devices-Advantages in High-Temperature Applications and Digital Logic

Abstract: This paper explores source/drain (S/D) spacer technology-based reconfigurable field-effect transistors (RFETs) and a detailed physical insight toward the advantages of using spacer oxide in RFETs for applications involving rapid temperature fluctuations and reduction of circuit delay in contrast to conventional ambipolar FETs and other devices based on band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) such as TFETs. Temperature-based DC, analog and RF performance of gate-all-around (GAA), heterogeneous gate dielectric GAA, SiGe, and full silicon TFETs are compared. Moreover, it is also shown that the propagation delay in logic circuits is reduced for the proposed DG-RFET resulting in more robust and improved circuit performance.

A Theoretical Study of Thermal Stress for Engineering Applications

Abstract: The stress generated due to the temperature difference is called thermal stress. Generally, the temperature gradients, thermal shocks, and thermal expansion or contraction are most effective contributors to thermal stress. The improper temperature profile of a body results in the formation of cracks, fractures, or plastic deformations at single or multiple spots depending upon two factors (i.e., the magnitude of temperature distribution or other variables of heating and material properties). So, this chapter analyses the causes of thermal stress and their measurement techniques. However, as most of the engineering problems, the thermal stress is due to the thermal expansion or sudden temperature changes happening in the body. Therefore, a brief analysis of temperature measurement devices with their proper data capturing methodology is also discussed.

A Novel Cryptographic Approach to Implement Confidentiality Using Point Reflection Property

Abstract: Data Privacy is a prime concern in 21st century. To maintain secrecy of data, many cryptographic algorithms are available. Cryptography is the science or study of the techniques of secret writing, esp. code and also figures frameworks, techniques, and so forth. Cryptography is required so content can be kept secret. Here in our proposed work we have shown a simple point reflection based cryptographic technique for security of data. The user encoded the data using point reflection technique and the receiver can decode the data by applying the process in reverse direction. The encrypted message generated using the mechanism proposed here is quite sturdy and it becomes more difficult for a person to retrieve or predict the original message from the encrypted message. We used PRNG technique by which we can get the random number and also use the LFSR technique for robustness of this technique. Experimental result shows that our method gives a high security and the accuracy during the encoding and decoding process. We narrated the algorithms and explicit formulas to demonstrate that our reflection process support high practical security in cryptographic applications.