Tufts University

About: Tufts University is a education organization based out in Medford, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32800 authors who have published 66881 publications receiving 3451152 citations. The organization is also known as: Tufts College & Universitatis Tuftensis.

Positive Youth Development, Participation in Community Youth Development Programs, and Community Contributions of Fifth-Grade Adolescents: Findings From the First Wave Of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development

Abstract: The 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), a longitudinal investigation of a diverse sample of 1,700 fifth graders and 1,117 of their parents, tests developmental contextual ideas linking PYD, youth contributions, and participation in community youth development (YD) programs, representing a key ecological asset. Using data from Wave 1 of the study, structural equation modeling procedures provided evidence for five firstorder latent factors representing the “Five Cs” of PYD (competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) and for their convergence on a second-order PYD latent construct. A theoretical construct, youth contribution, was also created and examined. Both PYD and YD program participation independently related to contribution. The importance of longitudinal analyses for extending the present results is discussed.

Interleukin-1 and its biologically related cytokines.

Abstract: Publisher Summary Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) participate in self-augmentation induction mechanisms. Recombinant human IL-1 and TNF are each capable of inducing the production of their respective molecules as well as each other. IL-1 and TNF both induce IL-6. The target cells include: monocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and B cells. The concentrations of IL-1 and TNF that stimulate their own production in this self amplification cycle are within the range (1-10 ng/ml) of what has been measured in the supernatant media of cultured cells stimulated with viruses, bacterial toxins, and active complement components, and of immune complex. The ability of interferon-y to suppress IL-l-induced IL-1 production takes place in the presence of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. Similarly, the ability of corticosteroids to reduce the transcription of IL-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) also takes place in the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibition. IL-1 is the prototype of a group of biologically potent polypeptides with molecular weights between 10,000 and 30,000. Because these substances are produced by a variety of cells and act on many different cell types, there is a growing acceptance of the terminology “cytokines,” rather than “lymphokines” or “monokines.” Of the various “cytokines,” several share the ability to stimulate or augment cell proliferation, initiate the synthesis of new proteins in a variety of cells, and induce the production of inflammatory metabolites. IL-1 is biologically similar to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin, IL-6, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β)