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Institution

Tufts University

EducationMedford, Massachusetts, United States
About: Tufts University is a education organization based out in Medford, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32800 authors who have published 66881 publications receiving 3451152 citations. The organization is also known as: Tufts College & Universitatis Tuftensis.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The integration of OCTA in multimodal imaging in the evaluation of retinal vascular occlusive diseases, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, inherited diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and disorders of the optic nerve is presented.

988 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent studies have identified additional K. pneumoniae virulence factors and led to more insights about factors important for the growth of this pathogen at a variety of tissue sites, but much work is left to be done in characterizing these newly discovered factors.
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infections, including pneumonias, urinary tract infections, bacteremias, and liver abscesses. Historically, K. pneumoniae has caused serious infection primarily in immunocompromised individuals, but the recent emergence and spread of hypervirulent strains have broadened the number of people susceptible to infections to include those who are healthy and immunosufficient. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae strains have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, rendering infection by these strains very challenging to treat. The emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant strains has driven a number of recent studies. Work has described the worldwide spread of one drug-resistant strain and a host defense axis, interleukin-17 (IL-17), that is important for controlling infection. Four factors, capsule, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, and siderophores, have been well studied and are important for virulence in at least one infection model. Several other factors have been less well characterized but are also important in at least one infection model. However, there is a significant amount of heterogeneity in K. pneumoniae strains, and not every factor plays the same critical role in all virulent Klebsiella strains. Recent studies have identified additional K. pneumoniae virulence factors and led to more insights about factors important for the growth of this pathogen at a variety of tissue sites. Many of these genes encode proteins that function in metabolism and the regulation of transcription. However, much work is left to be done in characterizing these newly discovered factors, understanding how infections differ between healthy and immunocompromised patients, and identifying attractive bacterial or host targets for treating these infections.

988 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concluding opinion is that NHST is easily misunderstood and misused but that when applied with good judgment it can be an effective aid to the interpretation of experimental data.
Abstract: Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is arguably the most widely used approach to hypothesis evaluation among behavioral and social scientists. It is also very controversial. A major concern expressed by critics is that such testing is misunderstood by many of those who use it. Several other objections to its use have also been raised. In this article the author reviews and comments on the claimed misunderstandings as well as on other criticisms of the approach, and he notes arguments that have been advanced in support of NHST. Alternatives and supplements to NHST are considered, as are several related recommendations regarding the interpretation of experimental data. The concluding opinion is that NHST is easily misunderstood and misused but that when applied with good judgment it can be an effective aid to the interpretation of experimental data.

987 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Malcolm Whitman1, C P Downes1, M Keeler1, T Keller1, Lewis C. Cantley1 
14 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: It is proposed that type I Ptdlns kinase is responsible for the generation of PtdIns(3)P in intact cells, and that this novel phosphoinositide could be important in the transduction of mitogenic and oncogenic signals.
Abstract: The generation of second messengers from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) by phosphoinositidase C has been implicated in the mediation of cellular responses to a variety of growth factors and oncogene products. The first step in the production of PtdInsP2 from phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is catalysed by PtdIns kinase. A PtdIns kinase activity has been found to associate specifically with several oncogene products, as well as with the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. We have previously identified two biochemically distinct PtdIns kinases in fibroblasts, and have found that only one of these, designated type I, specifically associates with activated tyrosine kinases. We have now characterized the site on the inositol ring phosphorylated by type I PtdIns kinase, and find that this kinase specifically phosphorylates the D-3 ring position to generate a novel phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). In contrast, the main PtdIns kinase in fibroblasts, designated type II, specifically phosphorylates the D-4 position to produce phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), previously considered to be the only form of PtdInsP. We have also tentatively identified PtdIns(3)P as a minor component of total PtdInsP in intact fibroblasts. We propose that type I PtdIns kinase is responsible for the generation of PtdIns(3)P in intact cells, and that this novel phosphoinositide could be important in the transduction of mitogenic and oncogenic signals.

986 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main goal of this document is to provide a practical guide on how to acquire, analyze, and display the various cardiac structures using 3D echocardiography, as well as limitations of the technique.
Abstract: CRT : Cardiac resynchronization therapy ECG : Electrocardiographic LV : Left ventricular RV : Right ventricular SDI : Systolic dyssynchrony index TEE : Transesophageal echocardiographic 3D : Three-dimensional 3DE : Three-dimensional echocardiographic TTE : Transthoracic echocardiographic TV : Tricuspid valve 2D : Two-dimensional Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic (3DE) imaging represents a major innovation in cardiovascular ultrasound. Advancements in computer and transducer technologies permit real-time 3DE acquisition and presentation of cardiac structures from any spatial point of view. The usefulness of 3D echocardiography has been demonstrated in (1) the evaluation of cardiac chamber volumes and mass, which avoids geometric assumptions; (2) the assessment of regional left ventricular (LV) wall motion and quantification of systolic dyssynchrony; (3) presentation of realistic views of heart valves; (4) volumetric evaluation of regurgitant lesions and shunts with 3DE color Doppler imaging; and (5) 3DE stress imaging. However, for 3D echocardiography to be implemented in routine clinical practice, a full understanding of its technical principles and a systematic approach to image acquisition and analysis are required. The main goal of this document is to provide a practical guide on how to acquire, analyze, and display the various cardiac structures using 3D echocardiography, as well as limitations of the technique. In addition, this document describes the current and potential clinical applications of 3D echocardiography along with their strengths and weaknesses. ### a. Fully Sampled Matrix-Array Transducers An important milestone in the history of real-time 3D echocardiography was reached shortly after the year 2000, with the development of fully sampled matrix-array transducers. These transducers provided excellent real-time imaging of the beating heart in three dimensions and required significant technological developments in both hardware and software, including transducer design, microelectronic techniques, and computing. Currently, 3DE matrix-array transducers are composed of nearly 3,000 piezoelectric elements with operating frequencies ranging from 2 to 4 MHz and from 5 to 7 MHz for transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) imaging, respectively. These piezoelectric elements are arranged in a matrix configuration within the transducer and require a large number of digital channels for these fully sampled elements to be connected. To reduce both …

985 citations


Authors

Showing all 33110 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
Ralph B. D'Agostino2261287229636
John Q. Trojanowski2261467213948
Peter Libby211932182724
David Baltimore203876162955
Eric B. Rimm196988147119
Lewis C. Cantley196748169037
Bernard Rosner1901162147661
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
William B. Kannel188533175659
Scott M. Grundy187841231821
John P. A. Ioannidis1851311193612
David H. Weinberg183700171424
Joel Schwartz1831149109985
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023100
2022467
20213,334
20203,065
20192,806
20182,618