Showing papers by "Tulane University published in 1970"
TL;DR: After prolonged exposure to their reflected images in mirrors, chimpanzees marked with red dye showed evidence of being able to recognize their own reflections, and monkeys did not appear to have this capacity.
Abstract: After prolonged exposure to their reflected images in mirrors, chimpanzees marked with red dye showed evidence of being able to recognize their own reflections. Monkeys did not appear to have this capacity.
1,329 citations
TL;DR: A.A. promulgates an “allergy” concept of alcoholism which is parallel to mental health agencies' emphasis on the illness concept of behavior disorders, and the allergy concept appears to play a relatively minor role in the process of public reacceptance.
Abstract: Labeling theory implicitly assumes that deviant careers are relatively permanent. Little systematic effort has been devoted to consideration of delabeling and relabeling processes. Alcoholics Anonymous appears to be a unique agency for carrying out successful delabeling and relabeling of stigmatized deviants. This success appears to be accounted for largely by A.A.'s use of the repentant role available in American society, constructing a “comeback” for “repentant” alcoholics based on their apparently intense adherence to middle-class ideals coupled with their repudiation of the “hedonistic underworld” to which they “traveled” as alcoholics. The repentant role gains further strength from the status-enhancing effects of the “skid-row image,” and the congruence of A.A. with American value orientations. A.A. promulgates an “allergy” concept of alcoholism which is parallel to mental health agencies' emphasis on the illness concept of behavior disorders. The allergy concept appears to play a relatively minor role in the process of public reacceptance.
129 citations
TL;DR: In his second book as mentioned in this paper, Andre Gunder Frank expands on the theme presented in his influential study Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America and argues that this development of underdevelopment will persist, Frank argues, until the people of Latin America free themselves from world capitalism by means of revolution.
Abstract: In his second book, Andre Gunder Frank expands on the theme presented in his influential study Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America. It is the colonial structure of world capitalism, in his view, which produced and maintains the underdevelopment characteristic of Latin America and the rest of the Third World. This colonial structure penetrates everywhere in Latin America, forming and transforming all its features in obedience to its own imperatives and thereby imposing upon the region those characteristic features of poverty and backwardness which are not primarily the remnants of an ancient "feudal" past but the direct products of capitalism. This development of underdevelopment will persist, Frank argues, until the people of Latin America free themselves from world capitalism by means of revolution.
112 citations
105 citations
97 citations
TL;DR: The effects of pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors, and temperature on the catalytic activity of the crystalline enzyme are described.
94 citations
88 citations
TL;DR: It is postulated that DH and tanning hormone may be analogous and serve the function of increasing the blood cell permeability to tyrosine and thus allowing the subsequent formation of N-acetyl dopamine.
82 citations
TL;DR: The morphology of the developing chick feather germ (down feather) was studied at the ultrastructural level from 8 to 18 days of incubation and the process of keratinization in the developing feather germ was described, discussed and compared to keratinisation in mammalian skin and hair as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The morphology of the developing chick feather germ (down feather) was studied at the ultrastructural level from 8 to 18 days of incubation. The process of keratinization in the developing feather germ was described, discussed and compared to keratinization in mammalian skin and hair. This study has shown that:
1.
Apico-basal gradients of differentiation and different cell types are recognizable at the ultrastructural level in the developing feather germ.
2.
The hypothesis that keratin is synthesized de novo by ribosomes is probably correct, because the largest number of these organelles is present at the time when keratin formation is most prominent.
3.
Intercellular gaps in the developing feather germs facilitate the reorientation and rearrangement of different cell types into definitive feather structures.
4.
The sources of nutrition and energy for the completion of keratinization during later developmental stages of feather germs are the supportive and the barb medullary cells and large stores of glycogen.
5.
Keratohyalin granules are not precursors of feather keratin, since no such structures were observed in feather germs.
6.
Two distinct modes of keratinization occur in feather germs. Keratinization in sheath cells is similar to that which occurs in mammalian epidermal cells. Barb and barbule cell keratinization resembles that of hair.
7.
The basal lamina is probably involved in transport of synthetic material from the pulp cavity to the epidermal cells. The lamina may also provide mechanically strong connections between the feather germ and the dermis.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that serious difficulties and confusions arise from indiscriminate use of the term money to refer both to (1) media of exchange and means of payment and (2) units of account.
Abstract: This paper questions the popular anthropological assumption that all purpose money rules in the West today. Contrary to the followers of Karl Polanyi in anthropology, modern as well as primitive money is special purpose money. It is argued further that serious difficulties and confusions arise from indiscriminate use of the term money to refer both to (1) media of exchange and means of payment and (2) units of account. Lastly, the scholarship and perspicacity of the Polanyist verdicts about economists' views in the area of money is disputed.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors festgestellt, dass in verschiedenen Veroffentlichungen uber mikropolare Elastizitat eine inkorrekte Ungleichung verwendet worden ist und dass dies zu unrichtigen Ergebnissen gefuhrt hat.
Abstract: Es wird festgestellt, dass in verschiedenen Veroffentlichungen uber mikropolare Elastizitat eine inkorrekte Ungleichung verwendet worden ist und dass dies zu unrichtigen Ergebnissen gefuhrt hat.
Posted Content•
01 Jan 1970TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that serious difficulties and confusions arise from indiscriminate use of the term money to refer both to (1) media of exchange and means of payment and (2) units of account.
Abstract: This paper questions the popular anthropological assumption that all purpose money rules in the West today. Contrary to the followers of Karl Polanyi in anthropology, modern as well as primitive money is special purpose money. It is argued further that serious difficulties and confusions arise from indiscriminate use of the term money to refer both to (1) media of exchange and means of payment and (2) units of account. Lastly, the scholarship and perspicacity of the Polanyist verdicts about economists' views in the area of money is disputed.
TL;DR: Investigation of a family whose members suffered from a heritable syndrome of syncopal spells, sudden death, and QT interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram are reported, finding diffuse and extensive fibrosis of the conducting system along with abnormal changes in the small arterial vessels in this area.
TL;DR: The polar filament is the first visually apparent system to develop during sporogenesis, and appears to originate as an elaboration of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Abstract: Vegetative growth of Nosema sp. occurs within the gut submucosal cells of Callinectes sapidus. Vegetative cell morphology is dominated by profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, numerous free ribosomes and aggregates of vesicles enclosed by a membranous sac. The dikaryotic vegetative cell is the earliest stage found in the target area for sporogenesis, the sarcoplasm of the striated muscle cell. The next obvious stage is the sporoblast mother cell; it undergoes karyokinesis without breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Intranuclear mitotic microtubules extend from the chromosomes to the intact nuclear envelope. After repeated nuclear divisions, the sporoblast mother cell undergoes delayed cytokinesis and a series of sporoblast progeny develops.
TL;DR: In this article, a complete solution to the displacement equations of equilibrium for linear infinitesimal isotropic Cosserat elasticity was obtained in terms of stress functions analogous to the Papkovitch functions of classical elasticity.
TL;DR: It is made that ENL has some characteristics of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, and thalidomide is less toxic than corticosteroids and therefore seems to represent a major advance in the management of ENL.
Abstract: Forty-four trials of thalidomide or an identical placebo have been conducted in 22 patients with active lepromatous leprosy and chronic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions. Thalidomide is significantly superior to placebo in completely alleviating the two principal signs of ENL, fever and skin lesions. Selected serial laboratory determinations during the study demonstrate an acute anemia occurring in and immediately after EN L and an acute rise in circulating leukocytes with a shift to the left in the differential count. There is an acute increase in both direct and indirect serum bilirubin associated with ENL and a fall in total serum cholesterol. The suggestion is made that ENL has some characteristics of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Despite its teratogenic effect, thalidomide is less toxic than corticosteroids and therefore seems to represent a major advance in the management of ENL. Its mechanism of action in ENL is unknown.
TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal study of post-discharge A. A. affiliation among 378 white males treated for alcoholism in a state hospital was conducted, and 24 variables emerged from a battery of 81 possible social and psychological predictors as the set of significant predictors.
Abstract: Alcoholics Anonymous represent one of the fewclearly successful treatment approaches for alcoholism. In an attempt to delineate the dynamics of this approach, six propositions were derived from previous research on A. A. and tested in a longitudinal study of post-discharge A. A. affiliation among 378 white males treated for alcoholism in a state hospital. Unlike previous studies, the present effort employed full-fledged affiliation with A. A. as the criterion for “success” in this post-discharge maintenance regimen. Through stepwise multiple regression, 24 variables emerged from a battery of 81 possible social and psychological predictors as the set of significant predictors. Propostions were tested by comparison with this set, indicating (1) affiliative needs, (2) experience of intensive labeling as an alcoholic, (3) physical stability previous to treatment, and (4) proneness to guilt to be significant predictors of successful affiliation. Propositions not supported by the data were (1) ego strength and self reliance, (2) social stability previous to treatment, and (3) middle class background and experience. Results indicate the predictive prominence of psychological predispositions to be greater than social attributes, implying the importance of relatively fixed psychological traits in accounting for success in a sociotherapeutic regimen.
TL;DR: It is concluded that serotonin acts primarily on the central nervous system to stimulate the release of a red pigment-dispersing hormone, whereas the red pigment’s hormone stimulates the erythrophores directly.
TL;DR: In birds, the striola of macula utriculi and lagenae shows a division into three regions, similar to the macula sacculi, and the morphological polarization has the same pattern in mammals and birds.
Abstract: In both mammals and birds there is a striola with a majority of type I cells, while the type It cells are gathered in the periphery. In birds, the striola of macula utriculi and lagenae shows a division into three regions. The morphological polarization has the same pattern in mammals and birds. It is directed centripetally towards the striola in macula utriculi and centrifugally from the striola in macula sacculi. The macula lagenae, which is lacking in mammals, has a centrifugal morphological polarization similar to the macula sacculi. In mammals, the statoconium membrane completely covers the macula. In birds, on the other hand, the crystal containing part of the statoconium membrane only covers part of the macula, leaving a peripheral zone free with only a gelatinous covering. The border between these two parts of the statoconium membrane coincides roughly with the line on the sensory epithelium below where the morphological polarization shifts.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The chloride ion transport system is discussed in relation to its possible importance as a target system for the action of acetazolamide and correlates well with the chemically demonstrated excess of chloride in the aqueous humor over that required for thermodynamic equilibrium with plasma.
Abstract: Unidirectional chloride ion jiuxes were measured in the cat ciliary body isolated as a living membrane in vitro. A statistically significant net chloride ion influx (nutrient to secretory) was demonstrated both in the presence of the spontaneous membrane potential and in short-circuited membranes. The isotopically measured net chloride ion influx exceeded the short-circuit current of the membrane, which implied the existence of a net transport of other ion(s). Comparison of the sodium and chloride partial conductances with the total membrane conductance also suggested the existence of other conductive ionic transport. The active transport of chloride ions explains the polarity of the membrane potential observed in vitro, in which the ciliary epithelial surface of the membrane is electronegative relative to its stromal (scleral) surface. The invitro active chloride ion transport also correlates well with the chemically demonstrated excess of chloride in the aqueous humor over that required for thermodynamic equilibrium with plasma. The chloride ion transport system is discussed in relation to its possible importance as a target system for the action of acetazolamide.
TL;DR: The incorporation of thymidine- 3H into the various cell types of the adenohypophysis has been studied using autoradiography and histological changes were restricted to the pars intermedia, where numerous dark cells were observed only after adrenalectomy.
Abstract: In order to identify the cell type responsible for ACTH production in the rat adenohypophysis, the incorporation of thymidine- 3H into the various cell types of the adenohypophysis has been studied using autoradiography. Sections were examined 1 month following adrenalectomy, when ACTH secretion is greatly increased, and 1 month following the daily administration of cortisol, when ACTH secretion is suppressed. Only 1 cell type, restricted to the pars intermedia, responded to altered levels of ACTH secretion with both an increase in label index following adrenalectomy and a decrease in label index following cortisol administration. Histological changes were restricted to the pars intermedia, where numerous dark cells were observed only after adrenalectomy. Following adrenalectomy, increases in weight were restricted to the colloid and the pars intermedia. Since no changes in plasma or hypophysial MSH content were found, the histological and autoradiographic changes do not simply reflect alterations in MSH ...
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of LRH of porcine origin in releasing LH in the human being and shows that postmenopausal women were responsive to LRH regardless of whether or not their serum LH levels had been supressed by pretreatment with an oral contraceptive.
TL;DR: Evidence available suggests that acrosomal components function in sperm penetration of the egg envelope, in attachment and fusion of the gametes, and in activation of the Egg.
Abstract: The acrosome and its associated structures are of paramount interest in current studies of fertilization and have been assigned crucial as well as incidental functions in different fertilization hypotheses. Concepts of functions of the acrosome have been based upon its form and location, its origin, its morphological changes in the presence of certain stimuli (the acrosome reaction), and upon properties of certain extracts believed to be of acrosomal origin. We are concerned here with the role of the acrosomal components in fertilization. Evidence available on this subject suggests that acrosomal components function in sperm penetration of the egg envelope, in attachment and fusion of the gametes, and in activation of the egg. It is our purpose here to review that evidence.
TL;DR: Alterations of the contractile elements were found only in association with myocardial necrosis and were characterized by hyalinization and loss of the striations and appeared to be largely reversible.
TL;DR: Amounts of popecolic acid excreated by yound infants and by children with hyperlysinemia indicate that a degradation pathway for lysine, via pipevolic acid to α-aminoadipic acid, is operative in man.
Abstract: Extract: Pipecolic acid has been found in urine from normal infants and from children with hyperlysinemia. The reaction of pipecolic acid with ninhydrin reagent, using separation procedures in automated ion-exchange systems for amino acid analysis, produced a color constant of low value (1.21 compared with 27.6 for leucine) that could be overlooked in routine analyses of physiological flusids. Pipecolic acid was present in the urine from: four premature infants (6–23 days old) 1.2–8.1 μg/mg creatinine; two of four term infants (3–5 days old) 1.3 and 2.1 μg/mg creatinine; and one of four infants (4–11 months old) 2.1 μ/mg. No pipecolic acid was found in the urines of four infants 14–30 months old. In patients with hyperlysinemia, the amounts of pipecolic acid excreated in the urine were: 3.1 μ/mg creatinine (4-year-old girl); 5.2 μ/mg creatinine (6-year-old boy); 6.2 μ/mg creatinine (9-year-old girl); and 4.8 μ/mg creatinine (12-year-old girl). Speculation: The low color yield of pipecolic acid, when separated by standard automated ion-exchange analysis methods, may account for past failures to detect small amounts of this substance in physiological fluids. Amounts of popecolic acid excreated by yound infants and by children with hyperlysinemia indicate that a degradation pathway for lysine, via pipevolic acid to α-aminoadipic acid, is operative in man.
TL;DR: The concept of the streptococcus acting as a conditioning factor for viruses in the production of heart disease in man is suggested and an earnest attempt be made to provide facilities for viral isolation on a more routine basis in hospitals and medical centers so that progress in this area can be accelerated.