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Institution

Tulane University

EducationNew Orleans, Louisiana, United States
About: Tulane University is a education organization based out in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Blood pressure. The organization has 24478 authors who have published 47205 publications receiving 1944993 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Louisiana.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem was extended to fractional electron number for an isolated open system described by a statistical mixture in this article, and the curve of lowest average energy was found to be a series of straight line segments with slope discontinuities at integral $N.
Abstract: The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem is extended to fractional electron number $N$, for an isolated open system described by a statistical mixture. The curve of lowest average energy ${E}_{N}$ versus $N$ is found to be a series of straight line segments with slope discontinuities at integral $N$. As $N$ increases through an integer $M$, the chemical potential and the highest occupied Kohn-Sham orbital energy both jump from ${E}_{M}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{M\ensuremath{-}1}$ to ${E}_{M+1}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{M}$. The exchange-correlation potential $\frac{\ensuremath{\delta}{E}_{\mathrm{xc}}}{\ensuremath{\delta}n(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})}$ jumps by the same constant, and $\frac{{\mathrm{lim}}_{r\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}}\ensuremath{\delta}{E}_{\mathrm{xc}}}{\ensuremath{\delta}n(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})}g~0$.

2,427 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Sep 2013-JAMA
TL;DR: The estimated prevalence of diabetes among a representative sample of Chinese adults was 11.6% and the prevalence of prediabetes was 50.1%, which indicates the importance of diabetes as a public health problem in China.
Abstract: Importance Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide. Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and glycemic control in the Chinese adult population. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 98 658 Chinese adults in 2010. Main Outcomes and Measures Plasma glucose and hemoglobin A 1c levels were measured after at least a 10-hour overnight fast among all study participants, and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted among participants without a self-reported history of diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria; whereas, a hemoglobin A 1c level of Results The overall prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 11.6% (95% CI, 11.3%-11.8%) in the Chinese adult population. The prevalence among men was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.7%-12.5%) and among women was 11.0% (95% CI, 10.7%-11.4%). The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes was estimated to be 3.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.6%) in the Chinese population: 3.6% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.8%) in men and 3.4% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.5%) in women. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 8.1% (95% CI, 7.9%-8.3%) in the Chinese population: 8.5% (95% CI, 8.2%-8.8%) in men and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.4%-8.0%) in women. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes was estimated to be 50.1% (95% CI, 49.7%-50.6%) in Chinese adults: 52.1% (95% CI, 51.5%-52.7%) in men and 48.1% (95% CI, 47.6%-48.7%) in women. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in older age groups, in urban residents, and in persons living in economically developed regions. Among patients with diabetes, only 25.8% (95% CI, 24.9%-26.8%) received treatment for diabetes, and only 39.7% (95% CI, 37.6%-41.8%) of those treated had adequate glycemic control. Conclusions and Relevance The estimated prevalence of diabetes among a representative sample of Chinese adults was 11.6% and the prevalence of prediabetes was 50.1%. Projections based on sample weighting suggest this may represent up to 113.9 million Chinese adults with diabetes and 493.4 million with prediabetes. These findings indicate the importance of diabetes as a public health problem in China.

2,337 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of surface science studies of single crystal surfaces, but selected studies on powder and polycrystalline films are also incorporated in order to provide connecting points between surface sciences studies with the broader field of materials science of tin oxide as discussed by the authors.

2,232 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Oct 2015-Nature
TL;DR: It is found that Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in endemic Africa halved and the incidence of clinical disease fell by 40% between 2000 and 2015, and interventions have averted 663 (542–753 credible interval) million clinical cases since 2000.
Abstract: Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effect of this control effort is vital to inform future control planning. However, the effect of malaria interventions across the varied epidemiological settings of Africa remains poorly understood owing to the absence of reliable surveillance data and the simplistic approaches underlying current disease estimates. Here we link a large database of malaria field surveys with detailed reconstructions of changing intervention coverage to directly evaluate trends from 2000 to 2015, and quantify the attributable effect of malaria disease control efforts. We found that Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in endemic Africa halved and the incidence of clinical disease fell by 40% between 2000 and 2015. We estimate that interventions have averted 663 (542-753 credible interval) million clinical cases since 2000. Insecticide-treated nets, the most widespread intervention, were by far the largest contributor (68% of cases averted). Although still below target levels, current malaria interventions have substantially reduced malaria disease incidence across the continent. Increasing access to these interventions, and maintaining their effectiveness in the face of insecticide and drug resistance, should form a cornerstone of post-2015 control strategies.

2,135 citations


Authors

Showing all 24722 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
JoAnn E. Manson2701819258509
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
Eric B. Rimm196988147119
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski1691431128585
Nicholas J. White1611352104539
Tien Yin Wong1601880131830
Tomas Hökfelt158103395979
Thomas E. Starzl150162591704
Geoffrey Burnstock141148899525
Joseph Sodroski13854277070
Glenn M. Chertow12876482401
Darwin J. Prockop12857687066
Kenneth J. Pienta12767164531
Charles Taylor12674177626
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202388
2022372
20212,622
20202,491
20192,038
20181,795