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Institution

United States Department of Energy

GovernmentWashington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
About: United States Department of Energy is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coal & Catalysis. The organization has 13656 authors who have published 14177 publications receiving 556962 citations. The organization is also known as: DOE & Department of Energy.
Topics: Coal, Catalysis, Combustion, Oxide, Hydrogen


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that climate change-induced increases in boreal wetland extent and temperature-driven increases in tropical CH4 emissions will dominate anthropogenicCH4 emissions by 38 to 56% toward the end of the 21st century under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6) and climate mitigation policies must consider mitigation of wetland CH4 feedbacks to maintain average global warming below 2 °C.
Abstract: Wetland methane (CH4) emissions are the largest natural source in the global CH4 budget, contributing to roughly one third of total natural and anthropogenic emissions. As the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the atmosphere after CO2, CH4 is strongly associated with climate feedbacks. However, due to the paucity of data, wetland CH4 feedbacks were not fully assessed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. The degree to which future expansion of wetlands and CH4 emissions will evolve and consequently drive climate feedbacks is thus a question of major concern. Here we present an ensemble estimate of wetland CH4 emissions driven by 38 general circulation models for the 21st century. We find that climate change-induced increases in boreal wetland extent and temperature-driven increases in tropical CH4 emissions will dominate anthropogenic CH4 emissions by 38 to 56% toward the end of the 21st century under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6). Depending on scenarios, wetland CH4 feedbacks translate to an increase in additional global mean radiative forcing of 0.04 W·m-2 to 0.19 W·m-2 by the end of the 21st century. Under the "worst-case" RCP8.5 scenario, with no climate mitigation, boreal CH4 emissions are enhanced by 18.05 Tg to 41.69 Tg, due to thawing of inundated areas during the cold season (December to May) and rising temperature, while tropical CH4 emissions accelerate with a total increment of 48.36 Tg to 87.37 Tg by 2099. Our results suggest that climate mitigation policies must consider mitigation of wetland CH4 feedbacks to maintain average global warming below 2 °C.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first study of gas diffusion inside an MOF is presented and it is indicated that diffusion of Ar in CuBTC is very similar to Ar diffusion in silica zeolites in magnitude, concentration, and temperature dependence.
Abstract: The class of coordination polymers known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has three-dimensional porous structures that are considered as a promising alternative to zeolites and other nanoporous materials for catalysis, gas adsorption, and gas separation applications. In this paper, we present the first study of gas diffusion inside an MOF and compare the observed diffusion to known behaviors in zeolites. Using grand canonical Monte Carlo and equilibrium molecular dynamics, we calculate the adsorption isotherm and self-, corrected, and transport diffusivities for argon in the CuBTC metal-organic framework. Our results indicate that diffusion of Ar in CuBTC is very similar to Ar diffusion in silica zeolites in magnitude, concentration, and temperature dependence. This conclusion appears to apply to a broad range of MOF structures.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new gas hydrate-based desalination process using water-immiscible hydrate formers; cyclopentane (CP) and cyclohexane (CH) as secondary hydrate guests to alleviate temperature requirements for hydrate formation.
Abstract: We suggest a new gas hydrate-based desalination process using water-immiscible hydrate formers; cyclopentane (CP) and cyclohexane (CH) as secondary hydrate guests to alleviate temperature requirements for hydrate formation. The hydrate formation reactions were carried out in an isobaric condition of 3.1 MPa to find the upper temperature limit of CO2 hydrate formation. Simulated produced water (8.95 wt % salinity) mixed with the hydrate formers shows an increased upper temperature limit from −2 °C for simple CO2 hydrate to 16 and 7 °C for double (CO2 + CP) and (CO2 + CH) hydrates, respectively. The resulting conversion rate to double hydrate turned out to be similar to that with simple CO2 hydrate at the upper temperature limit. Hydrate formation rates (Rf) for the double hydrates with CP and CH are shown to be 22 and 16 times higher, respectively, than that of the simple CO2 hydrate at the upper temperature limit. Such mild hydrate formation temperature and fast formation kinetics indicate increased energ...

185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, detailed magnetotransport data on dense wires of a boron-bearing intermetallics was reported for applied magnetic fields up to 18 T and the temperature and field dependencies of the electrical resistivity were consistent with the material behaving like a simple metal and following a generalized form of Kohler's rule.
Abstract: Detailed magnetotransport data on dense wires of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ are reported for applied magnetic fields up to 18 T. The temperature and field dependencies of the electrical resistivity are consistent with ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ behaving like a simple metal and following a generalized form of Kohler's rule. In addition, given the generally higher-${T}_{c}$ values and narrower resistive transition widths associated with ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ synthesized in this manner, combined with applied magnetic fields of up to 18 T, an accurate and complete ${H}_{c2}(T)$ curve could be determined. This curve agrees well with curves determined from lower field measurements on sintered pellets and wires of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}.$ ${H}_{c2}(T)$ is linear in T over a wide range of temperature $(7\mathrm{K}l~Tl~32\mathrm{K})$ and has an upward curvature for T close to ${T}_{c}.$ These features are similar to other high \ensuremath{\kappa}, clean limit, boron-bearing intermetallics: ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ and ${\mathrm{LuNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C}.$

185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To exploit the potential of CAM crops and CAM bioengineering, it will be necessary to elucidate the evolution, genomic features, and regulatory mechanisms of CAM, which has potential for high returns on research investment.
Abstract: Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that features nocturnal CO2 uptake, facilitates increased water-use efficiency (WUE), and enables CAM plants to inhabit water-limited environments such as semi-arid deserts or seasonally dry forests. Human population growth and global climate change now present challenges for agricultural production systems to increase food, feed, forage, fiber, and fuel production. One approach to meet these challenges is to increase reliance on CAM crops, such as Agave and Opuntia, for biomass production on semi-arid, abandoned, marginal, or degraded agricultural lands. Major research efforts are now underway to assess the productivity of CAM crop species and to harness the WUE of CAM by engineering this pathway into existing food, feed, and bioenergy crops. An improved understanding of CAM has potential for high returns on research investment. To exploit the potential of CAM crops and CAM bioengineering, it will be necessary to elucidate the evolution, genomic features, and regulatory mechanisms of CAM. Field trials and predictive models will be required to assess the productivity of CAM crops, while new synthetic biology approaches need to be developed for CAM engineering. Infrastructure will be needed for CAM model systems, field trials, mutant collections, and data management.

184 citations


Authors

Showing all 13660 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Martin White1962038232387
Paul G. Richardson1831533155912
Jie Zhang1784857221720
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski1691431128585
Yang Gao1682047146301
David Eisenberg156697112460
Marvin Johnson1491827119520
Carlos Escobar148118495346
Joshua A. Frieman144609109562
Paul Jackson141137293464
Greg Landsberg1411709109814
J. Conway1401692105213
Pushpalatha C Bhat1391587105044
Julian Borrill139387102906
Cecilia Elena Gerber1381727106984
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20233
202223
2021633
2020601
2019654
2018598