United States Department of Energy

About: United States Department of Energy is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Coal. The organization has 13656 authors who have published 14177 publications receiving 556962 citations. The organization is also known as: DOE & Department of Energy.

Real-Time Demand Response From Energy Shifting in Distributed Multi-Generation

Abstract: In this paper, a comprehensive dedicated framework is set up to analyze distributed multi-generation (DMG) systems for the purpose of identifying and quantifying their potential to participate in real-time demand response (DR) programmes. At first, flexibility of DMG systems with multiple interconnected plant components is exploited to identify the optimal operational strategy in the presence of half-hourly pricing. Then, the costs and benefits of providing further real-time DR are assessed by taking into account different energy shifting strategies. The novel concept of electricity shifting potential is introduced to establish the upper limit to the possible reduction of the electricity flowing from the electrical grid to the DMG system. The maximum profitable energy shifting that can be activated in the presence of given DR incentives is established on the basis of a DR profitability map. The key point is that energy shifting can be deployed inside the local DMG system to respond to given DR signals without reducing the users' energy demand and thus without affecting their comfort level. Examples of real-time DR for a trigeneration system referring to half-hourly periods during selected Summer and Winter days are illustrated and discussed.

Using first principles calculations to identify new destabilized metal hydride reactions for reversible hydrogen storage.

Abstract: Hydrides of period 2 and 3 elements are promising candidates for hydrogen storage, but typically have heats of reaction that are too high to be of use for fuel cell vehicles. Recent experimental work has focused on destabilizing metal hydrides through mixing metal hydrides with other compounds. A very large number of possible destabilized metal hydride reaction schemes exist, but the thermodynamic data required to assess the enthalpies of these reactions are not available in many cases. We have used density functional theory calculations to predict the reaction enthalpies for more than 300 destabilization reactions that have not previously been reported. The large majority of these reactions are predicted not to be useful for reversible hydrogen storage, having calculated reaction enthalpies that are either too high or too low, and hence these reactions need not be investigated experimentally. Our calculations also identify multiple promising reactions that have large enough hydrogen storage capacities to be useful in practical applications and have reaction thermodynamics that appear to be suitable for use in fuel cell vehicles and are therefore promising candidates for experimental work.