Institution
United States Department of Energy
Government•Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States•
About: United States Department of Energy is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coal & Catalysis. The organization has 13656 authors who have published 14177 publications receiving 556962 citations. The organization is also known as: DOE & Department of Energy.
Topics: Coal, Catalysis, Combustion, Oxide, Hydrogen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted volumetric adsorption studies of CO2, N2, or H2 on molecular sieves and activated carbon at 25 °C up to a pressure of 300 psi (∼2× 106 Pa).
Abstract: Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA) are some of the potential techniques that could be applicable for removal of CO2 from high-pressure fuel gas streams Molecular sieves and activated carbons are some of the sorbents that could be utilized in the PSA process Volumetric adsorption studies of CO2, N2, or H2 on molecular sieve 13X, molecular sieve 4A, and activated carbon were conducted at 25 °C up to a pressure of 300 psi (∼2× 106 Pa) Preferential adsorption of CO2 was observed with all three sorbents The adsorption capacity of CO2 for molecular sieve 13X was higher than that for molecular sieve 4A at all pressures up to 300 psi At low pressures ( 25 psi) activated carbon exhibited significantly higher CO2 capacities than were found for molecular sieves Competitive adsorption of CO2 from gas mixtures also indicated that both molecular siev
864 citations
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TL;DR: The 207-Mb genome sequence of the North American Arabidopsis lyrata strain MN47, based on 8.3× dideoxy sequence coverage, is reported, indicating pervasive selection for a smaller genome in this outcrossing species.
Abstract: We present the 207 Mb genome sequence of the outcrosser Arabidopsis lyrata, which diverged from the self-fertilizing species A. thaliana about 10 million years ago. It is generally assumed that the much smaller A. thaliana genome, which is only 125 Mb, constitutes the derived state for the family. Apparent genome reduction in this genus can be partially attributed to the loss of DNA from large-scale rearrangements, but the main cause lies in the hundreds of thousands of small deletions found throughout the genome. These occurred primarily in non-coding DNA and transposons, but protein-coding multi-gene families are smaller in A. thaliana as well. Analysis of deletions and insertions still segregating in A. thaliana indicates that the process of DNA loss is ongoing, suggesting pervasive selection for a smaller genome.
845 citations
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Centre national de la recherche scientifique1, University of Miami2, Max Planck Society3, Columbia University4, Goddard Institute for Space Studies5, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University6, Met Office7, Goddard Space Flight Center8, Universities Space Research Association9, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory10, National Center for Atmospheric Research11, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory12, University of Oslo13, United States Department of Energy14, Utrecht University15, Wageningen University and Research Centre16, Florida State University17, University of Michigan18, Cornell University19, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts20, University of Oxford21, Kyushu University22, University of California, Irvine23
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project are compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth and dust deposition.
Abstract: . This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional comparisons to Angstrom exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr−1 and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr−1.
837 citations
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TL;DR: A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis, and an ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections.
Abstract: The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993–98. A new plan, for 1998–2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a “working draft” of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.
833 citations
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University of Lorraine1, Institut national de la recherche agronomique2, United States Department of Energy3, Clark University4, Hungarian Academy of Sciences5, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ6, Lund University7, University of Hasselt8, Universidade Federal de Viçosa9, University of Lyon10, University of Turin11, Aix-Marseille University12, King Abdulaziz University13, University of Oslo14, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences15, Max Planck Society16, University of Bremen17, Harvard University18, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research19, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University20, University of Cologne21
TL;DR: Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of myCorrhiza-induced genes.
Abstract: To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7-38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of mycorrhiza-induced genes.
799 citations
Authors
Showing all 13660 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Paul G. Richardson | 183 | 1533 | 155912 |
Jie Zhang | 178 | 4857 | 221720 |
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski | 169 | 1431 | 128585 |
Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
David Eisenberg | 156 | 697 | 112460 |
Marvin Johnson | 149 | 1827 | 119520 |
Carlos Escobar | 148 | 1184 | 95346 |
Joshua A. Frieman | 144 | 609 | 109562 |
Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
Greg Landsberg | 141 | 1709 | 109814 |
J. Conway | 140 | 1692 | 105213 |
Pushpalatha C Bhat | 139 | 1587 | 105044 |
Julian Borrill | 139 | 387 | 102906 |
Cecilia Elena Gerber | 138 | 1727 | 106984 |