United States Department of Energy

About: United States Department of Energy is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Coal & Catalysis. The organization has 13656 authors who have published 14177 publications receiving 556962 citations. The organization is also known as: DOE & Department of Energy.

Ultrasonic Through-Wall Communication (UTWC) System

Abstract: Apparatus for communicating information across a solid wall has one or two outside ultrasonic transducers coupled to an outside surface of the wall and connected to a carrier generator for sending an ultrasonic carrier signal into the wall and for receiving an output information signal from the wall. One or two inside ultrasonic transducers are coupled to an inside surface of the wall and one of them introduces the output information signal into the wall. When there are two inside transducers inside the wall, one receives the carrier signal and the second transmits the carrier after it is modulated by the output information from the sensor. When there is one inside transducer, the output information from the sensor is transmitted by changing the reflected or returned signal from the inside transducer. A power harvesting circuit inside the wall harvests power from the carrier signal and uses it to power the sensor.

Spectrum unfolding, sensitivity analysis and propagation of uncertainties with the maximum entropy deconvolution code MAXED

Abstract: MAXED was developed to apply the maximum entropy principle to the unfolding of neutron spectrometric measurements. The approach followed in MAXED has several features that make it attractive: it permits inclusion of a priori information in a well-defined and mathematically consistent way, the algorithm used to derive the solution spectrum is not ad hoc (it can be justified on the basis of arguments that originate in information theory), and the solution spectrum is a non-negative function that can be written in closed form. This last feature permits the use of standard methods for the sensitivity analysis and propagation of uncertainties of MAXED solution spectra. We illustrate its use with unfoldings of NE 213 scintillation detector measurements of photon calibration spectra, and of multisphere neutron spectrometer measurements of cosmic-ray induced neutrons at high altitude (∼20 km) in the atmosphere.

Comments on the Optical Constants of Metals and an Introduction to the Data for Several Metals

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents tables and plots of the optical constants N = n - ik for the metals Ag, Au, Cu, Ir, Mo, Ni, Os, Pt, Rh, W, and Al as a function of wavelength from the soft x-ray region to the near infrared. Preceding each data set is a short critique that outlines the procedures used to obtain the constants and the conditions under which they are measured. It is observed that each critique has its own independent set of references. Of all the metals, aluminum appears to have the most widespread spectral application, being used in optical components from the infrared to the soft x-ray region. The chapter also briefly illustrates the methods used to obtain the optical constants. There are four general methods for obtaining experimental data from which the optical constants can be deduced. The first three methods are based on the Fresnel relations for the reflection and transmission of radiation at a flat, smooth interface between two media. The fourth method uses electron-loss spectrum.