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Institution

Universal College

EducationLas Piñas, Philippines
About: Universal College is a education organization based out in Las Piñas, Philippines. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Image compression. The organization has 567 authors who have published 450 publications receiving 1933 citations. The organization is also known as: Universal College of Nursing.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To halt the spread of AMR, it is important to understand what contributes to its emergence, and collaborative efforts are necessary to delineate global, regional and local contingency plans for AMR.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that claims 700 000 lives every year. If no urgent actions are taken, by 2050, AMR will cause an estimated loss of 10 million lives and $US100 trillion.1 Over the years, commonly identified infectious agents have developed resistance to antimicrobials. Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, 20 000 potential resistant genes of nearly 400 different types have been identified.2 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone causes more than 80 000 severe infections and claims more than 11 000 lives each year.3 The World Bank estimates a reduction in global domestic product per annum of 1.1%–3.8% by 2050 if AMR remains unchecked, and that an investment of US$9 billion per year will be required to counteract the problem.4 AMR affects all countries, but the burden is disproportionately higher in low-income and middle-income countries.1 To halt the spread of AMR, it is important to understand what contributes to its emergence. While the overuse of antimicrobials in both humans and animals is broadly implicated and strategies are developed to counteract such an overuse, the broader factors that contribute to AMR are often overlooked. In addition, national action plans on AMR are often constrained by lack of comprehensive multisectoral and multipronged approaches (eg, too focused on the health sector), and their findings are only relevant for a limited period of time as AMR continues to evolve at a fast pace.5 A recent assessment of country situational analyses against the political, economic, sociological, technological, ecological, legislative, and industry (PESTELI) framework identified important gaps in addressing AMR.6 Indeed, collaborative efforts are necessary to delineate global, regional and local contingency plans for AMR. A multitude of factors contribute to the development of AMR. Many of these factors transcend discipline and sectors. Efforts to counteract AMR through a traditional biomedical approach …

153 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2019-Breathe
TL;DR: There is large variation in the prevalence of COPD, with 10–95% under-diagnosis and 5–60% over- Diagnosis due to differences in the definition of diagnosis used, and the unavailability of spirometry in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries where the prevalenceof COPD is likely to be high.
Abstract: Globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth major cause of mortality and morbidity and projected to rise to third within a decade as our efforts to prevent, identify, diagnose and treat patients at a global population level have been insufficient. The European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society, along with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy document, have highlighted key pathological risk factors and suggested clinical treatment strategies in order to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD. This review focuses solely on issues related to the under- and over-diagnosis of COPD across the main geographical regions of the world and highlights some of the associated risk factors. Prevalence of COPD obtained mainly from epidemiological studies varies greatly depending on the clinical and spirometric criteria used to diagnose COPD, i.e. forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio Key points Globally, there is large variation in the prevalence of COPD, with 10–95% under-diagnosis and 5–60% over-diagnosis (table 1) due to differences in the definition of diagnosis used, and the unavailability of spirometry in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence of COPD is likely to be high. In order to be diagnosed with COPD, patients must have a combination of symptoms with irreversible airflow obstruction defined by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of Not performing spirometry is the strongest predictor for an incorrect diagnosis of COPD; however, additional factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, self-perception of symptoms, co-existent asthma, and educational awareness of risk factor by patients and their physician, are also important. COPD can be associated with inhalation of noxious particles other than smoking tobacco. Educational aims To summarise the global prevalence of over- and under-diagnosis of COPD. To highlight the risk factors associated with the under- and over-diagnosis of COPD. To update readers on the key changes in the recent progress made regarding the correct diagnosis of COPD.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Given the ability of MRSA to spread from person to person, it is necessary to adhere to rational use of antibiotics and to raise awareness among the concerned communities and tourists who visit this area.
Abstract: Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community infections. Its prevalence varies with country and with hospitals within a country. The current study estimates the prevalence of MRSA strains and investigates their antibiogram in western Nepal. Methodology: A total of 162 S. aureus strains were isolated from various clinical specimens, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion, growth on oxacillin screen agar, and oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: One hundred and twelve (69.1%) strains were found to be MRSA, of which 37 (33.1%) were community acquired and 75 (66.9%) were hospital acquired. Of 112 MRSA strains, 45 (40.1%) were multi-drug resistant. All MRSA strains were found resistant to penicillin, and 91.9%, 87.4%, 77%, and 55.5% were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and cephalexin, respectively. However, low resistance was observed with amikacin (19%), ciprofloxacin (26.5%), and norfloxacin (30.6%). All strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion: The reported rate of MRSA prevalence is alarming. Given the ability of MRSA to spread from person to person, it is necessary to adhere to rational use of antibiotics and to raise awareness among the concerned communities and tourists who visit this area.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Nov 2020-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: There is comparably better knowledge regarding CO VID-19 among healthcare workers and appropriate practice correlates with better knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19 infection is seen with increasing age.
Abstract: Background COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic, for which appropriate infection prevention and control measures need to be adopted. Healthcare workers’ adherence to prevention and control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we assessed the KAP among healthcare workers towards the COVID-19 during the ongoing pandemic. Method A self-developed piloted KAP questionnaire was administered to the recruited healthcare workers involved in the COVID-19 response at the Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH), in Bhairahawa, Nepal. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the clinical characteristics, prevention, and management of COVID-19. Assessment on attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on behaviour and change in practices made towards COVID-19 response. Knowledge scores were calculated and compared by demographic characteristics and their attitude and practices towards COVID-19. Data were analysed using bivariate statistics. Results A total of 103 healthcare workers participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 28.24±6.11 years (range: 20–56); 60.2% were females; 61.2% were unmarried; 60.2% had a medical degree, and 39.8% were the nursing staff. The mean knowledge score was 10.59±1.12 (range: 7–13), and it did not vary significantly when adjusted for demographic characteristics. The attitude was positive for 53.4% of the participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.35±1.19 and negative for 46.6% participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.88±0.98 (p = 0.02). The practice was good (≥3 score) for 81.5% participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.73±1.12 and poor for 18.5% participants with a mean knowledge score of 10.46±1.13 (p = 0.24). The attitude of the participants improved with increasing age (29.55±7.17, p = 0.02). Conclusion There is comparably better knowledge regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers. Appropriate practice correlates with better knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19 infection is seen with increasing age. Hence, training on protection and protective measures for having a positive attitude among healthcare workers is necessary against the fight with COVID-19 infection.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among healthcare workers (especially in surgery ward and operating room) necessitates improved infection control measures to be employed to control MRSA transmission in this setting.
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections in both the community and hospital. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus continues to be an important nosocomial pathogen and infections are often difficult to manage due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. Healthcare workers are important source of nosocomial transmission of MRSA. This study aimed to determine the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus and MRSA among healthcare workers at Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Nepal and to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. A cross-sectional study involving 204 healthcare workers was conducted. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram positive cocci, catalase positive and coagulase positive were identified as S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Of 204 healthcare workers, 32 (15.7 %) were nasal carriers of S. aureus and among them 7 (21.9 %) were carrier of MRSA. Overall nasal carriage rate of MRSA was 3.4 % (7/204). Highest MRSA nasal carriage rate of 7.8 % (4/51) was found among nurses. Healthcare workers of both surgical wards and operating room accounted for 28.6 % (2/7) of MRSA carriers each. Among MRSA isolates inducible clindamycin resistance was observed in 66.7 % (2/3) of erythromycin resistant isolates. High nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among healthcare workers (especially in surgery ward and operating room) necessitates improved infection control measures to be employed to control MRSA transmission in our setting.

61 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20231
20221
202138
202052
201948
201891