Showing papers by "Universidade Estadual de Londrina published in 2009"
TL;DR: The physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of starch-chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil (OEO) and the presence of OEO led to the formation of more flexible films and TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of chitOSan and OEO did not affect the thermal stability of the films.
Abstract: The physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of starch−chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil (OEO) have been investigated. The antimicrobial effects of starch−chitosan−OEO films against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined by the disk inhibition zone method. The film mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and thermograms (TGA) were also determined. Films added with OEO effectively inhibited the four microorganisms tested and demonstrated improved barrier properties. The presence of OEO in starch−chitosan films led to the formation of more flexible films. Chitosan was not effective against the tested organisms, but it decreased film rigidity and WVP. TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of chitosan and OEO did not affect the thermal stability of the films.
405 citations
TL;DR: Don alters claudin expression and decreases the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, and consumption of DON-contaminated food/feed may induce intestinal damage and has consequences for human and animal health.
283 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of cellulose fibers on the water vapor permeability of starch-based films was investigated, and it was shown that cellulose fiber reinforcement is a viable alternative to improve their mechanical and water barrier properties.
271 citations
TL;DR: The biosorbent material was used in columns for the removal of ions Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg of real samples of industrial effluent and its efficiency was studied.
257 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cellulose fibers on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of starch-based films plasticized with glycerol was investigated, and the results showed that cellulose-fibrous films had higher tensile strength and rigidity, but lower elongation capacity.
165 citations
TL;DR: The results confirm that MLSA is a rapid and reliable way of providing information on phylogenetic relationships and of identifying rhizobial strains potentially representative of novel species.
Abstract: The genus Bradyrhizobium encompasses a variety of bacteria that can live in symbiotic and endophytic associations with legumes and non-legumes, and are characterized by physiological and symbiotic versatility and broad geographical distribution. However, despite indications of great genetic variability within the genus, only eight species have been described, mainly because of the highly conserved nature of the 16S rRNA gene. In this study, 169 strains isolated from 43 different legumes were analysed by rep-PCR with the BOX primer, by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) and by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of four housekeeping genes, glnII, recA, atpD and dnaK. Considering a cut-off at a level of 70 % similarity, 80 rep-PCR profiles were distinguished, which, together with type strains, were clustered at a very low level of similarity (24 %). In both single and concatenated analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequences, two large groups were formed, with bootstrap support of 99 % in the concatenated analysis. The first group included the type and/or reference strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. betae, B. liaoningense, B. canariense and B. yuanmingense and B. japonicum USDA 110, and the second group included strains related to Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76(T), B. pachyrhizi PAC48(T) and B. jicamae PAC68(T). Similar results were obtained with MLSA of glnII, recA, atpD and dnaK. Greatest variability was observed when the atpD gene was amplified, and five strains related to B. elkanii revealed a level of variability never reported before. Another important observation was that a group composed of strains USDA 110, SEMIA 5080 and SEMIA 6059, all isolated from soybean, clustered in all six trees with high bootstrap support and were quite distinct from the clusters that included B. japonicum USDA 6(T). The results confirm that MLSA is a rapid and reliable way of providing information on phylogenetic relationships and of identifying rhizobial strains potentially representative of novel species.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of these plasticizers on the microstructure, moisture sorption, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties were investigated using films stored under a range of relative humidities.
149 citations
TL;DR: Citral-rich essential oil from C. citratus has promising antileishmanial properties, and is a good candidate for further research to develop a new anti-protozoan drug.
Abstract: Leishmaniasis causes considerable mortality throughout the world, affecting more than 12 million people. Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Family Poaceae, is a widely used herb in tropical countries and is also known as a source of ethnomedicines. In this study, the inhibitory effect and the morphological and ultrastructural alterations on Leishmania amazonensis by the essential oil (EO) of C. citratus and its main constituent, citral, were evaluated. The results showed that the antiproliferative activity of EO on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis was significantly better than citral, and indicated a dose-dependent effect. Neither compound showed a cytotoxic effect on macrophage strain J774G8. The promastigote forms of L. amazonensis underwent remarkable morphological and ultrastructural alterations compared with untreated cultures. These alterations were visible by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy of promastigotes treated with EO and citral at concentrations corresponding to the IC(50) (1.7 and 8.0 microg/ml) and IC(90) (3.2 and 25 microg/ml), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. This study revealed that citral-rich essential oil from C. citratus has promising antileishmanial properties, and is a good candidate for further research to develop a new anti-protozoan drug.
133 citations
TL;DR: Quercetin (1) is known to have both antioxidant and antinociceptive effects as discussed by the authors, however, the mechanism involved in its antineuropathic effect is not fully elucidated.
Abstract: Quercetin (1) is known to have both antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. However, the mechanism involved in its antinociceptive effect is not fully elucidated. Cytokines and reactive oxygen spe...
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated characteristics of physical activities in daily life in COPD patients in Brazil, correlating those characteristics with physiological variables, and found that walking time/day correlated only moderately with maximal and functional exercise capacity.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate characteristics of physical activities in daily life in COPD patients in Brazil, correlating those characteristics with physiological variables. METHODS: Physical activities in daily life were evaluated in 40 COPD patients (18 males; 66 ± 8 years of age; FEV1 = 46 ± 16 % of predicted; body mass index = 27 ± 6 kg/m2) and 30 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects, using a multiaxial accelerometer-based sensor for 12 h/day on two consecutive days. We also assessed maximal and functional exercise capacity, using the incremental exercise test and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), respectively; MIP and MEP; peripheral muscle force, using the one-repetition maximum test and the handgrip test; quality of life, using the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); functional status, using the London Chest Activity of Daily Living questionnaire; and dyspnea sensation, using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. RESULTS: Mean walking time/day was shorter for COPD patients than for the controls (55 ± 33 vs. 80 ± 28 min/day; p = 0.001), as movement intensity was lower (1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6 m/s2; p = 0.004). The COPD patients also tended to spend more time seated (294 ± 114 vs. 246 ± 122 min/day, p = 0.08). Walking time/day correlated with the 6MWT (r = 0.42; p = 0.007) and maximal workload (r = 0.41; p = 0.009), as well as with age, MRC scale score and SGRQ activity domain score (-0.31 < r < -0.43; p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: This sample of Brazilian patients with COPD, although more active than those evaluated in studies conducted in Europe, were less active than were the controls. Walking time/day correlated only moderately with maximal and functional exercise capacity.
119 citations
TL;DR: Based on current research, there is substantial, but not conclusive, evidence that HPV, EBV and MMTV may be involved in breast cancer.
Abstract: It is well known that the etiology of human breast cancer is significantly affected by environmental factors. Virus-associated cancer refers to a cancer where viral infection results in the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Human papillomaviruses (HPV), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus are prime candidate viruses as agents of human breast cancer. The precise role that viruses play in tumorigenesis is not clear, but it seems that they are responsible for causing only one in a series of steps required for cancer development. The idea that a virus could cause breast cancer has been investigated for quite some time, even though breast cancer could be a hereditary disease; however, hereditary breast cancer is estimated to account for a small percentage of all breast cancer cases. Based on current research, this review present at moment, substantial, but not conclusive, evidence that HPV, EBV and MMTV may be involved in breast cancer.
TL;DR: The majority of studies reviewed showed protective effects of physical activity on adiposity, particularly in individuals who are obese at baseline, but the current literature on this issue is sparse and several methodological drawbacks are evident.
Abstract: Adolescent obesity has increased dramatically in several countries in recent decades; however, the contribution of physical activity level to adolescent adiposity requires clarification. This article investigates the effect of physical activity on subsequent levels of adiposity in adolescence. The methodological aspects of the studies included in this article, particularly in terms of measurement accuracy for both exposure (physical activity) and outcome (adiposity) variables, are also evaluated. Systematic searches of the literature were undertaken using online databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, examination of citations and contacting of authors. The online databases were searched from their earliest records until 2007. Only longitudinal studies with 50 or more adolescents were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the studies using the Downs and Black checklist. Thirteen observational, five experimental and six quasi-experimental studies (without a control group) were identified. Almost all studies were carried out in high-income settings and showed protective effects of physical activity for both prevention and treatment of adolescent obesity. However, experimental studies undertaken with obese adolescents at baseline usually combined physical activity with dietary changes, making it difficult to assess the effect of physical activity itself on the treatment of obesity. Physical activity estimated from questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) were the most frequently used measures. Despite the feasibility of using these approaches in epidemiological studies, significant limitations are evident. Questionnaires are subjective and adolescents may not report physical activity level accurately. Furthermore, BMI is not an accurate measure of fatness for adolescents, as it is also associated with lean mass, hence bias may arise from its longitudinal association with physical activity level. Despite the majority of studies reviewed showing protective effects of physical activity on adiposity, particularly in individuals who are obese at baseline, the current literature on this issue is sparse and several methodological drawbacks are evident. The main limitations relate to a lack of validity in the measurements of both physical activity and body composition. Further studies are needed in order to generate evidence-based recommendations for the quantity and quality of adolescent physical activity required to prevent or treat adolescent obesity.
TL;DR: The percentage of adolescents exposed to health risk behaviors was high, especially when simultaneous exposure to different behaviors was considered, and these results can contribute to developing health promotion campaigns for the school setting that are specifically aimed at the risk subgroups identified.
Abstract: OBJETIVO:Determinar a prevalencia de comportamentos de risco a saude e analisar fatores associados a exposicao a esses comportamentos em adolescentes do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil METODO: Adolescentes escolares de 240 turmas do ensino medio da rede publica estadual responderam a um questionario para a coleta de informacoes demograficas (sexo, idade, regiao de residencia e periodo de estudo), socioeconomicas (trabalho e renda familiar mensal) e de comportamentos de risco a saude (niveis insuficientes de atividade fisica, baixo consumo de frutas/verduras, tabagismo, consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoolicas, consumo de drogas ilicitas, envolvimento em brigas e nao utilizar preservativos regularmente nas relacoes sexuais) RESULTADOS: Foram considerados validos os questionarios de 5 028 adolescentes (2 984 do sexo feminino e 2 044 do sexo masculino), com idade entre 15 e 19 anos (media = 17,0; desvio padrao = 1,12) Os comportamentos de risco mais prevalentes na amostra foram niveis insuficientes de atividade fisica (36,5%), baixo consumo de frutas/verduras (46,5%) e nao utilizar preservativos regularmente nas relacoes sexuais (38,3%) Aproximadamente sete em cada 10 adolescentes (64,7%) estavam expostos a dois ou mais comportamentos de risco de forma simultânea Os seguintes subgrupos de risco foram identificados: adolescentes do sexo masculino, adolescentes de 18 a 19 anos de idade, que residem em area urbana, que estudam no periodo noturno e que tem maior renda familiar CONCLUSOES: A proporcao de adolescentes expostos a comportamentos de risco a saude foi elevada, principalmente ao se considerar a exposicao simultânea a diferentes comportamentos Os resultados encontrados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de promocao da saude no ambiente escolar, direcionados principalmente aos subgrupos de risco
TL;DR: Evaluating the mutagenic activity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells found that the number of MN induced by the lowest concentration of each dye was similar to that of the negative control.
Abstract: The use of azo dyes by different industries can cause direct and/or indirect effects on human and environmental health due to the discharge of industrial effluents that contain these toxic compounds. Several studies have demonstrated the genotoxic effects of various azo dyes, but information on the DNA damage caused by Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 is unavailable, although these dyes are used in dyeing processes in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic activity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells. In the lymphocyte assay, it was found that the number of MN induced by the lowest concentration of each dye (0.2 microg/mL) was similar to that of the negative control. At the other concentrations, a dose response MN formation was observed up to 1.0 microg/mL. At higher dose levels, the number of MN decreased. For the HepG2 cells the results were similar. With both dyes a dose dependent increase in the frequency of MN was detected. However for the HepG2, the threshold for this increase was 2.0 microg/mL, while at higher doses a reduction in the MN number was observed. The proliferation index was also calculated in order to evaluate acute toxicity during the test. No differences were detected between the different concentrations tested and the negative control.
TL;DR: A new VSC design method based on Lyapunov-Metzler (LM) inequalities and the properties of strictly positive real (SPR) systems is suggested and applied to the control of a DC-DC power converter.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the design of state-feedback variable-structure controllers (VSCs) for a class of continuous-time switched plants. In particular, a new VSC design method based on Lyapunov-Metzler (LM) inequalities and the properties of strictly positive real (SPR) systems is suggested. The method is applied to the control of a DC-DC power converter. The performance of the resulting control system is superior to that afforded by a recently proposed alternative sliding-mode control technique. The definition of LM-SPR systems and its direct application to establish a procedure for designing the switching rule and VSC input are presented.
TL;DR: It is possible that the muscle mass activated during resistance exercise has an influence on PEH, especially in high-volume multiple-set training sessions.
Abstract: The effects of muscle mass and number of sets on postexercise hypotension (PEH) following resistance exercises are barely known. The aim of the study was to compare systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) after biceps curl and leg extension with different number of sets. Twenty-four trained men (23 +/- 1 year, 69 +/- 4 kg, 173 +/- 3 cm) were randomly assigned into control group, arm group, and leg group. On the first day, the 12 repetition maximum (12RM) workload was determined for both experimental groups. In the remaining days, arm group and leg group performed, randomly, 6 or 10 sets of 10 repetitions of the respective exercises at 12RM workload. Blood pressure was assessed before and every 10 minutes after the exercises for 1 hour. The 3-way analysis of variance identified a significant influence of the type of exercise (p = 0.000001), number of sets (p = 0.007), and postexercise period (p = 0.009) on SBP and of the type of exercise (p = 0.03) on MAP. No differences were found among the groups at rest. Postexercise hypotension was only observed for the leg group when 10 sets were performed. In this group, SBP was significantly (p
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the Omron HEM 742 blood pressure monitoring device with the standard British Hypertension Society (BHS) grade A according to the criteria suggested by the BHS, and the results showed an equal to or lower than 5mmHg difference in 67.3% of the systolic values, and 69.3 % of the diastolic values.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate blood pressure measurement is fundamental for scientific investigation or clinical decision-making. In this sense, it is important to verify the values provided by electronic devices. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Omron HEM 742 blood pressure monitoring device in adolescents according to criteria suggested by the British Hypertension Society. METHODS: A total of 150 adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years participated in the study. The automated Omron HEM 742 monitor was connected in Y to the mercury column auscultatory device, then three simultaneous measurements were taken, and the differences between the readings of the two devices were calculated. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot (agreement) were used to verify the relationship between both devices. Specificity and sensitivity of the device were determined by using the ROC curve. RESULTS: The comparison between the measurements showed an equal to or lower than 5mmHg difference in 67.3% of the systolic values, and 69.3% of the diastolic values; an equal to or lower than 10mmHg difference occurred in 87.3% and 90.6% of the systolic and diastolic values, respectively; an equal to or lower than 15mmHg difference was found in 96.6% of the systolic values and 97.3% of the diastolic values. These findings are consistent with a grade A according to the British Hypertension Society protocol. A marked consonance was observed between the values obtained by the automated monitor and this device was proven to be capable of identifying the presence or absence of high blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The Omron HEM 742 monitor was proved valid for blood pressure measurement in adolescents according to the criteria suggested by the British Hypertension Society.
TL;DR: Daily activity is substantially reduced after lung transplantation and related to measures of physical fitness and health-related quality of life and future studies need to examine whether physical activity can be modified to improve functional recovery after Lung transplantation.
Abstract: Background Reduced physical fitness has been reported to occur after lung transplantation. Pre- and post-transplant factors, including an inactive lifestyle, have been proposed as possible causes. However, daily physical activity has not been objectively assessed so far in lung recipients. The purpose of this study was to objectively measure daily physical activity in lung recipients. Methods Twenty-two clinically stable patients with single ( n = 7) and bilateral lung grafts ( n = 15) underwent measurements of physical activity with activity monitors at least 12 months after surgery. Results were compared with findings from 22 healthy, age- and gender-matched control subjects. Results Substantial and statistically significant differences in daily activity were observed. Steps, standing time and moderate-intensity activity of lung recipients were reduced by 42%, 29% and 66%, respectively, relative to controls. Daily sedentary time was increased by 30%. Daily steps correlated with self-reported physical functioning ( r = 0.81), 6-minute walk distance ( r = 0.68), quadriceps force ( r = 0.66) and maximum workload ( r = 0.63). Conclusions This study has shown for the first time that daily activity is substantially reduced after lung transplantation and related to measures of physical fitness and health-related quality of life. Future studies need to examine whether physical activity can be modified to improve functional recovery after lung transplantation.
TL;DR: In this paper, metal sorption isotherms were fitted with one-metal and two-metal Freundlich equations, and with two-site Langmuir equations, from data originated from sorption experiments with Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb as target metals, with Pb and Cd as competitive metals in a clay soil.
TL;DR: Results showed that acute exposure to Al causes an ionic unbalance, probably related to the effects of Al on Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, on the distribution and number of chloride cells in the gills as well as the effects associated with the stress response caused by the presence of the metal.
TL;DR: Austrian patients with COPD showed a significantly lower daily physical activity level in comparison to matched Brazilian patients, suggesting Socio-economic and ethnic factors appear to influence stable COPD patients differently than described in previous studies including healthy subjects.
TL;DR: A simple, safe, and powerful method to assess functional capacity of severely obese patients, the 6MWT is an objective test that might replace the conventional treadmill test for these types of patients.
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of oat starch films (produced by casting) and sheets (manufactured by extrusion), plasticized with urea, glycerol or sorbitol, and conditioned at 11, 57, 76 and 90% relative humidity (RH) was investigated.
TL;DR: Although there are few available studies, metabolic Syndrome in adolescents is a highly prevalent health issue and the exact prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents is unknown.
Abstract: The present study aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in adolescents (10-19 years old). The search was conducted in online databases (MEDLINE and SciELO), references from retrieved articles, and contacts with authors. Only original articles using either the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) or the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) were considered. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies were undertaken in low to medium-income countries, but none of them in Brazil. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in studies using the NCEP-ATP III criteria ranged from 4.2% to 15.4%. Prevalence in studies using the WHO criteria was slightly higher: 4.5% to 38.7%. High triglyceride level was the most frequent component of the metabolic syndrome, with prevalence ranging from 4.9% to 75.0%, while high blood glucose showed the lowest prevalence. In conclusion, although there are few available studies, metabolic syndrome in adolescents is a highly prevalent health issue. The exact prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents is unknown.
TL;DR: In this paper, sinais e sintomas of burnout in trabalhadores de enfermagem of a Pronto Socorro de Hospital Universitario correlacionando-os com fatores preditores.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Investigar sinais e sintomas de burnout em trabalhadores de enfermagem de um Pronto Socorro de Hospital Universitario correlacionando-os com fatores preditores. METODOS: Estudo descritivo quantitativo, com 61 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Utilizou-se um questionario estruturado, auto-aplicavel, acrescido do instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory. A analise dos dados foi feita atraves do Epiinfo 2004. RESULTADOS: Dos 61 trabalhadores que participaram do estudo, 8,2% apresentavam manifestacoes de burnout, todos do sexo feminino, 54,1% possuiam alto risco para manifestacao de burnout e 37,7% eram de baixo risco de manifestacao da doenca. Fatores como o nao reconhecimento e incentivo ao desenvolvimento profissional estao relacionados com este diagnostico. CONCLUSOES: A dinâmica organizacional de um Pronto Socorro gera uma sobrecarga e tensao ocupacional sendo necessario desenvolver estrategias de reorganizacao do processo de trabalho diminuindo fontes de estresse.
TL;DR: Faz-se urgentemente necessario o desenvolvimento de estrategias, that visem o aumento da atividade fisica, o que pode ser obtido por meio of desenVolvimentos de conteudos escolares that promovam estilos of vida saudavel.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia de inatividade fisica em adolescentes (14 a 18 anos) da cidade de Maringa/PR e explorar sua associacao com variaveis demograficas, socioeconomicas, comportamental e indicadores de estado nutricional. METODOS: Estudo transversal com uma amostra representativa de escolares do ensino medio da cidade incluindo 991 (54,5% mocas) de 12 colegios publicos e privados selecionados por meio de amostragem em multiplos estagios. O nivel de atividade fisica habitual foi verificado por meio do IPAQ modificado para adolescentes, usando como referencia a ultima semana. A inatividade fisica foi definida 4 h/dia), estado nutricional e obesidade abdominal. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de inatividade fisica em adolescentes foi de 56,9% (mocas= 57,9%, rapazes= 55,7%, p=0,46). Os fatores de risco associados a inatividade fisica foram pertencer ao nivel socioeconomico mais baixo, estudar em escolas publicas e ser obeso. CONCLUSAO: Encontramos uma alta prevalencia de inatividade fisica no estudo. Faz-se urgentemente necessario o desenvolvimento de estrategias, que visem o aumento da atividade fisica, o que pode ser obtido por meio de desenvolvimento de conteudos escolares que promovam estilos de vida saudavel.
TL;DR: Natural mycoflora and co-occurrence of fumonisins and aflatoxins were evaluated in 300 freshly-harvested corn samples collected at two points of the production chain in the Northern region of Parana State, Brazil.
TL;DR: The Omron HEM 742 monitor was proved valid for blood pressure measurement in adolescents according to the criteria suggested by the British Hypertension Society and was proven to be capable of identifying the presence or absence of high blood pressure.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Accurate blood pressure measurement is fundamental for scientific investigation or clinical decision-making. In this sense, it is important to verify the values provided by electronic devices. OBJECTIVE To validate the Omron HEM 742 blood pressure monitoring device in adolescents according to criteria suggested by the British Hypertension Society. METHODS A total of 150 adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years participated in the study. The automated Omron HEM 742 monitor was connected in Y to the mercury column auscultatory device, then three simultaneous measurements were taken, and the differences between the readings of the two devices were calculated. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot (agreement) were used to verify the relationship between both devices. Specificity and sensitivity of the device were determined by using the ROC curve. RESULTS The comparison between the measurements showed an equal to or lower than 5mmHg difference in 67.3% of the systolic values, and 69.3% of the diastolic values; an equal to or lower than 10mmHg difference occurred in 87.3% and 90.6% of the systolic and diastolic values, respectively; an equal to or lower than 15mmHg difference was found in 96.6% of the systolic values and 97.3% of the diastolic values. These findings are consistent with a grade A according to the British Hypertension Society protocol. A marked consonance was observed between the values obtained by the automated monitor and this device was proven to be capable of identifying the presence or absence of high blood pressure. CONCLUSION The Omron HEM 742 monitor was proved valid for blood pressure measurement in adolescents according to the criteria suggested by the British Hypertension Society.
TL;DR: This study provides the first experimental evidence that aspects of stall design can reduce the risk of lameness and hoof disease, and illustrated that changes in design that resulted in improvements in cow comfort andHoof health came at the expense of cow and stall cleanliness.
TL;DR: Cry proteins showed different levels of toxicity to the three Spodoptera species, with Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab the most toxic to S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, and Cry2Aa the most Toxic toS.