Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso published in 1997"

Late Cretaceous rift-related upwelling and melting of the Trindade starting mantle plume head beneath western Brazil

Abstract: High mantle potential temperatures and local extension, associated with the Late-Cretaceous impact of the Trindade mantle plume, produced substantial widespread and voluminous magmatism around the northern half of the Parana sedimentary basin. Our previous studies have shown that, above the central and eastern portions of the postulated impact zone where lithosphere extension is minimal, heat conducted by the plume caused large-scale melting of the more fusible parts of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the margin of the Sao Francisco craton and the surrounding Brasilia mobile belt. Here we combine geochemical data and field evidence from the Poxoreu Igneous Province, western Brazil to show how more intense lithospheric extension above the western margin of the postulated impact zone permitted greater upwelling and melting of the Trindade plume than further east. Laser 40Ar/39Ar age determinations indicate that rift-related basaltic magmas of the Poxoreu Igneous Province were emplaced at ˜ 84 Ma. Our detailed geochemical study of the mafic magmas shows that the parental melts underwent polybaric crystal fractionation within the crust prior to final emplacement. Furthermore, some magmas (quartz-normative) appear to have assimilated upper crust whereas others (nepheline- and hypersthene-normative) appear to have been unaffected by open-system crustal magma chamber processes. Incompatible trace element ratios (e.g. chondrite-normalised La/Nb = 1) and isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.704 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51274) of the Hy-normative basalts resemble those of oceanic islands (OIB). We therefore propose that these “OIB-like” magmas were predominantly derived from convecting-mantle-source melts (i.e. Trindade mantle plume). Inverse modelling of rare-earth element (REE) abundances suggests that the initial melts were predominantly generated within the depth range of ˜80–100 km, in mantle with a potential temperature of ˜1500 °C.

Algumas reflexões sobre o método funcional no trabalho da enfermagem

Abstract: Neste trabalho buscamos fazer urna reflexao acerca da adocao do metodo funcional no trabalho da enfermagem, bem como uma critica a esse mesmo modelo. Tentamos tambem, evidenciar como a equipe de enfermagem e, principalmente as enfermeiras, vem "subvertendo" esse modelo no seu quotidiano de trabalho.

Seasonal, discharge‐driven patterns of mayfly assemblages in an intermittent Neotropical stream

Abstract: 1. Streams in the seasonal wet and dry tropics have highly dynamic discharge regimes. Our study stream, located in mid-western Brazil, drains into the Pantanal, South America’s largest wetlands, and is characterized by frequent spates in the rainy season and several weeks of interrupted flow in the dry season. 2. In order to understand how these seasonal flow patterns influence the aquatic fauna, floating litter was studied because: (i) this habitat is exposed to the current, and thus is likely to be most affected abiotically and biotically by changes in flow; and (ii) this habitat is abundant in unaltered tropical streams. Studies were conducted in a thirdand a fourth-order reach. Mayflies were chosen as study organisms because they were frequent and species-rich on floating litter, and because they should to be responsive to changes in current velocity. 3. In the course of 15 months, covering one rainy and two dry seasons, mayflies showed pronounced seasonal patterns at family and genus level, which were evidently driven by discharge. Two periods of high mayfly densities were observed in the course of one year. One maximum coincided with the peak of the rainy season, the other with the peak of the dry season, and both were distinct in faunistic composition. At high current velocities the leptophlebiid Farrodes sp. was dominant and Leptohyphes sp., Acerpenna sp. and Paracloeodes sp. were frequent. In the dry season, when the river was reduced to isolated standing waters, 86‐93% of all mayflies were Caenis sp. 4. Altogether sixteen mayfly genera from the families Baetidae, Caenidae, Leptohyphidae, Leptophlebiidae and Oligoneuriidae were recorded. Two genera are new to science, the baetid Aturbina was recently described (among others, from material from our study river), Acerpenna and Paracloeodes are new records for South America, and Miroculis and Terpides are recorded for the first time south of the Amazon.

Short report: further evidence for hepatitis E in the Brazilian Amazon.

Abstract: During an investigation of a hepatitis outbreak occurring in a small village in the Brazilian Amazon, serum samples from 16 recent hepatitis cases and 66 of their asymptomatic relatives were tested for the presence of hepatitis A, B, C, and E markers. Sanitation is poor and organized disposal of sewage is absent in the village. Two of the 16 hepatitis cases were non-A, non-B and non-C hepatitis, but their sera reacted to hepatitis E antibodies of the IgG class (anti-HEV). Likewise, sera from seven of the 66 asymptomatic relatives were positive for anti-HEV. Four of the nine anti-HEV positive sera had their reactivity confirmed by a neutralization test using synthetic peptides based on the nucleotide sequences of open reading frames 2 (ORF2) and 3 (ORF3) encoded in the HEV genome. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting the occurrence of acute E hepatitis cases in the Brazilian Amazon.

Early Proterozoic Evolution of the Alto Jauru Greenstone Belt, Southern Amazonian Craton, Brazil

Abstract: The Alto Jauru Greenstone Belt in west-central Brazil comprises three belts of Early Proterozoic volcano-sedimentary sucessions that were invaded by Early to Middle Proterozoic intrusions, including tonalites, gabbros, and granites. Volcanic rocks represent a bimodal suite with ultrabasic-basic rocks of komatiitic-tholeiitic affinities at the base and intermediate-felsic calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastic units on the top. Chemical differences exist between basic volcanic rocks from the Jauru Belt and those from the Cabacal Belt, but the volcanic rocks and the Cabacal Tonalite appear to be related to an island-arc environment and possibly were generated from the same mantle source. The volcanic-volcanoclastic sequence in the Jauru Belt hosts important deformed, gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.

Respiratory gill surface of the serrasalmid fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus

Abstract: Gill element dimensions of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus were estimated and correlated to body mass (W), according to the power equation Y=aWb. The filament number (b=0.154) and length (b=0.457) increased with body mass, markedly influencing the respiratory gill surface area (b=0.769). The high filament number and length, associated with a high secondary lamellae frequency (a=40.21), are typical of active fish species and may be an adaptation to its migratory movements during reproduction. The comparatively small dimensions of its secondary lamellae are found more commonly in less active species, and may be related to the environmental conditions prevailing in lentic environments, where the species is normally found most of the year. Such features, together with its ability to compensate for oxygen reduction by means of a high ventilatory volume, and the use of aquatic surface respiration (ASR), may account for its adaptative capacity to withstand hypoxic conditions, with a low respiratory energy cost.

Epidemiological survey of infection with hepatitis B virus in the savannah and wetlands (Pantanal) of central Brazil.

Abstract: An epidemiological survey of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was conducted in the county of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso state, central Brazil. This rural county has a largely stationary population of low socio-economic status, and is divided into savannah-type vegetation and wetland. Overall, 740 subjects aged > 9 years were selected at random, interviewed and bled so that seropositivities of various HBV markers (surface antigen and antibodies to this antigen and to core antigen) could be determined. At least one marker was found in 169 (22.8%) of the subjects but only nine (1.2%) carried the surface antigen. Vegetation type (wetland v. savannah) was not associated with HBV infection but male gender, increasing age, and having had sexual experience were each associated with the infection. The prevalence of HBV markers was higher in immigrants (32.5%) than in native individuals (21.1%), many immigrants apparently having acquired the infection before settling in the study area.

Intoxicação experimental pelas sementes trituradas de Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) em coelhos

Abstract: The ground seeds of Ricinus communis, given by stomach tube in single doses to rabbits, caused severe symptoms of poisoning, lethal in three rabbits which received the dose of 2 g/kg and in one of four rabbits which received 1 g/kg; the other three rabbits which received the lower dose, showed slight to moderate symptoms and recovered. Three other rabbits, which received 0.5 g/kg, showed only slight symptoms. The period between administration of the seeds and death or recovery, varied from 12h47min to 68h08min, and from 3 to 6 days, respectively. First clinical symptoms after the administration of the seeds were observed about 8 hours in the lethal cases and in those where the animals showed more than slight symptoms, and about 24 hours in the cases with only slight symptoms. The course of the poisoning varied from 4 to 56 hours in the lethal cases and from 2 to 5 and half days in the cases with recovery. The clinical signs consisted mainly in digestive distress; the animals showed inappetence or anorexia. Faeces were generally scarce, with bolus altered in form and size, dark, sometimes soft, with mucus. There were manifestations of colic. The most evident post-mortem findings were in the small intestine and cecum, which had liquid contents; its wall was congested and edematous, and fibrine covered the mucosa as pseudomembranes or was found in the lumen as flakes and or filaments. The most important histological changes were seen also in the small intestine and cecum. In the formar there was coagulative necrosis associated with congestion/ hemorrhages of the mucosa and submucosa which also showed edema. Similar lesions were seen in the cecum, but these were less marked, with exception of the edema of the submucosa. In colon and rectum the changes were slight or absent. Necrosis with marked caryorhexis of the macrophages, which migrated to the upper mucosal layer, was seen in the lymphoid follicles of the appendix vermiformis and in one case also of the rudimentary cecum.

Influência do tabagismo no ganho ponderal, crescimentocorporal, consumo alimentar e hídrico de ratos

Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking and its cessation on body weight, foot and water consumption, and growth of rats. Thirty-nine male were used; 18 were adults (3 months old) and 21 were young (1.5 months old). In the first phase, the animals were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days (smokers) and compared to controls, exposed to clean air. In the second phase, both former smokers and controls were observed for 30 additional days. During both phases, the animals were monitored as to body weight, length, food intake and water consumption. Length was measured only for the young rats. Exposure to smoke significantly suppressed body weight gain (p < 0.05) when compared to controls, either for adult or for young. The smokers’ food consumption was significantly reduced when compared to controls. Adult rats showed no difference in water consumption. However, for the young group the difference was significant, lower for smoker (p < 0.05) than controls. The velocity of growth in young smokers was slower than non-smokers. After finishing the exposure to cigarette smoke, body weight and foot consumption increased in smoker rats, reaching the control group. These results suggest that exposure to cigarette smoke affects body weight and food consumption in adult and young rats, in addition to inhibiting growth in length of young rats.

Nitrite concentration in well water from Poconé, Mato Grosso, and its relationship to public health in rural Brazil.

Abstract: Drinking water is a major avenue by which toxic substances and pathogens can enter the human body. In the industrial countries, continuous monitoring assures that this water does not contain excessive amounts of substances potentially dangerous to human health, but elsewhere in the world, undetected contamination still exists. A series of routine chemical analyses of the water in and near the Pantanal of Mato Grosso revealed that several wells located about 15 km south of the town of Poconé contained high concentrations of nitrite. It was therefore suspected that the inhabitants of this town might also have long been consuming nitrites on a regular basis.

Avaliação do programa de controle da hanseníase em municípios mato-grossenses, Brasil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: A retrospective analysis of the Program for Leprosy Control in four counties of Mato Grosso State, on the Brazil-Bolivian frontier, has been undertaken in the present study. POPULATION AND METHODS: The health care service records of all patients registered by the Programs for Leprosy Control during the period from the beginning of their activities up to 1990 inclusive were checked. Final analysis was performed by epidemiological and operational indicators for the follow-up of control activities of Leprosy Control, as defined by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: An inadequate recording of information given by the patient was detected in more than half of all cases. The prevalence of leprosy varied from 15 to 48/10,000, in the period studied. The annual detection rate of new cases was 112/100,000 in 1990. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a high endemicity pattern for leprosy in the region. With regard to operational indicators our finding showed inadequate practice regarding all the activities of the program probably worsened by the poor qualification of the health workers involved in the assistance given.

Characterization of fertility and particle size of várzea soils of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do sul states of Brazil

Abstract: The states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul of Brazil have large lowland soils, locally known as “Varzea”;, and the major part of this area is not used for agricultural purposes. The present study was undertaken at the National Rice and Bean Research Center, Goiânia‐Goias, to characterize the fertility and particle size of lowland soils of these states. Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, and 60–80 cm at 14 locations in the two states. Organic matter contents and pH averaged 46 g/kg and 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil. Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) contents were adequate for annual crop production in the 20‐cm soil layer. However, iron (Fe) content in some of the samples was high and manganese (Mn) content was lower than critical level under well‐drained soil conditions. In almost all soil samples analyzed, aluminum (Al) content was higher than 1 cmol/kg, and Al saturation was also higher, e...

Phase Diagram of the Semi-Infinite Ising Model in a Random Field

Abstract: We determine the phase diagram of the semi-infinite Ising model in a cubic lattice with a trimodal distribution of random fields on the surface. We use the mean-field renormalization group with the smallest possible clusters to show that a very small dilution of the random field at surface is sufficient to destroy the tricritical behavior.

Estudos histomorfométrico e histológico das lesões ósseas causadas por flúor em aves

Abstract: Sodium fluoride was administered in the water to 2 groups of 25 Shaver female poultry. Group A received fluoride from 1 to 120 days of age and group B from 61 to 120 days. Each group was divided into 5 treatments, with 5 chickens each, which received 0, 25, 50, 200, and 400 ppm of fluoride in the water, respectively. All animals were killed at 120 days of age. For histomorphometric studies the left femur and tibia were used, and for histologic studies the right femur and tibia. In the cortical bone, cortical porosity was slightly increased by fluoride, but the differences with the control group were not significant. Cortical thickness increased in the animals treated with fluoride (p<0,05, r2 = 0,59 ). In the trabecular bone, of group A, trabecular thickness (TT) (p<0,05, r2 = 0,63) and trabecular bone volume (TBV) (p<0,05, r2 = 0,72) increased in treatments receiving 25-200 ppm, and decreased in the 400 ppm treatment, as it was demonstrated by quadratic regression analysis. In group B there was a positive linear correlation on TT (p<0,05, r2 = 0,98) and TBV (p<0,05, r2 = 0,77) with fluoride ingestion.The osteoid surface was also positively correlated with the amount of fluoride ingested by the animals (p<0,001, r2 = 0,80). These results suggest that fluoride improves osteoblastic function resulting in increased osteoid production and bone apposition. In the other hand, in the animals treated with 400 ppm of fluoride for 120 days bone apposition was reduced suggesting a functional alteration of the osteoblasts or improved bone resorption. In the histological study of bone tissue all animals that received fluoride showed an increased trabecular thickness which was more marked in the 200-400 ppm treatments. In chickens treated with 200-400 ppm of fluoride osteoblasts and osteoclasts were more numerous suggesting an increased bone turnover. In cortical bone Haversian canals were narrowed on the periosteal surfaces and resorption spaces were enlarged on the endosteal surfaces.

Caracterizaçao climatológica da Bacia do Alto Paraguai

Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o clima da Bacia do Alto Paraguai a partir de series climatologicas coletadas por diversas instituicoes entre 1961 e 1994. A analise de homogeneidade das series foi utilizada para superar deficiencias como o numero reduzido de dados nos postos e estacoes, a frequencia excessiva de interrupcoes, permitindo selecionar apenas as series cuja variabilidade dos dados fosse aleatoria. Para a analise de homogeneidade foi utilizado o teste de iteracoes de Wald-Wolfowitz para series que nao possuiam interrupcoes, o teste bilateral de Smirnov para as series com uma interrupcao e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis quando a serie apresentou mais de uma interrupcao. Estas series estavam armazenadas em diversas midias e formatos de arquivos, os quais foram unificados por meio de um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados Relacional, o qual foi utilizado como ambiente para rotinas de calculo da evapotranspiracao (metodo de Penman) e classificacao climatica (metodo de Thornthwaite). Com o uso de softwares de analise estatistica, programacao orientada a objeto, projeto assistido por computador e analise espacial, as series climatologicas selecionadas permitiram elaborar mapas de isolinhas para precipitacao total mensal e anual, temperatura media mensal e anual, temperatura maxima media mensal e anual, temperatura minima media mensal e anual, evapotranspiracao potencial media mensal e anual, precipitacao total media nos dois trimestres mais chuvosos e um mapa de zonas climaticas de Thornthwaite da Bacia do Alto Paraguai. Palavras-chaves: Bacia do Alto Paraguai – Climatologia.

Comparison of two enzyme immunoassays for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen.

Abstract: Departamento de Clinica Medica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rua L s/ no, 78070-000 Cuiaba, MT, Brasil *Fundacao Nacional de Saude, Av. Getulio Vargas 867, 78045-720 Cuiaba, MT, Brasil **Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil ***Hospital Prof. Edgar Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Joao das Botas s/ no, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brasil

Evaluation of the program for leprosy control in counties of Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCAO: Avaliou-se, retrospectivamente, a situacao epidemiologica e operacional do controle da hanseniase, em quatro municipios da fronteira matogrossense Brasil-Bolivia. POPULACAO E METODOS: As informacoes foram coletadas do sistema de registro/prontuario de cada paciente inscrito no Programa de Controle da Hanseniase, no periodo que decorreu do inicio da operacionalizacao dos programas ate 1990. Foram estabelecidos os indicadores epidemiologicos e operacionais, definidos pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude. RESULTADOS: Foi observado registro inadequado das informacoes dos pacientes em mais da metade dos prontuarios. O coeficiente de prevalencia oscilou entre 15 a 48/10.000, no periodo estudado. O coeficiente de deteccao anual de casos novos para o ano de 1990 foi de 112/100.000 habitantes. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados encontrados apontam alta prevalencia da hanseniase, ineficiencia na deteccao de casos, tendencia a expansao da endemia e uma baixa qualidade nos programas de controle a doenca.

[Evaluation of the program for leprosy control in counties of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil].

Abstract: INTRODUCTION A retrospective analysis of the Program for Leprosy Control in four counties of Mato Grosso State, on the Brazil-Bolivian frontier, has been undertaken in the present study. POPULATION AND METHODS The health care service records of all patients registered by the Programs for Leprosy Control during the period from the beginning of their activities up to 1990 inclusive were checked. Final analysis was performed by epidemiological and operational indicators for the follow-up of control activities of Leprosy Control, as defined by the World Health Organization. RESULTS An inadequate recording of information given by the patient was detected in more than half of all cases. The prevalence of leprosy varied from 15 to 48/10,000, in the period studied. The annual detection rate of new cases was 112/100,000 in 1990. CONCLUSION The results suggest a high endemicity pattern for leprosy in the region. With regard to operational indicators our finding showed inadequate practice regarding all the activities of the program probably worsened by the poor qualification of the health workers involved in the assistance given.

Por uma antropologia de alcance universal

Abstract: Partindo do pressuposto de que a antropologia e a educacao tomam o homem como base comun de reflexao, o texto propoe uma discussao sobre as possiveis diferencas entre as abordagens desses campos do conhecimento, considerando a escolha do lugar teorico a partir do qual uma proposta investigativa e conduzida como o aspecto decisivo da questao. A discussao e estruturada a partir de uma critica ao discurso pos-moderno que adere ao relativismo - historicamente associado ao sucesso publico da antropologia no estudo da diversidade -, e se espraia por todas as ciencias humanas no embalo do que se convencionou chamar de "crise de paradigmas", Argumenta-se que sem abrir da caracteristica que dirige o trabalho dos antropologos, qual seja, o profundo conhecimento de objetos singulares, nao se pode furtar ao compromisso cientifico de inseri-los num contexto mais amplo de compreensao, numa perspectiva passivel de encontrar ressonância entre outros pesquisadores sociais. A articulacao dos valores universais e das especificidades culturais enquanto dimensoes de uma mesma realidade, alem de ser uma exigencia teorica, impoe-se praticamente na medida em que a democracia passa a ser desafiada pelo movimento global da pobreza, exclusao social e surgimento de particularismos absolutos.

O sonho do petróleo e a serpente das águas cuiabanas: Lobato e o Minhocão

Abstract: This study consists, similarly to a concert, of multiple voices regarding nature and its forms in Mato Grosso: the topography, the Pantanal, the river. In the text, the voice of Monteiro Lobato dialogues with the voices of the people who live on the banks of Cuiaba river. In the dialogue, landscapes, dreams, prophecies, fears and myths are convergent.

Fungal endocarditis in the neonatal period. Report of a case with large right atrial mass

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To draw pediatricians' attention to diagnoses of Fungal Endocarditis, which may ensue as a result of intravascular catheter use. METHODS The authors report a case of Fungal Endocarditis during the neonatal period, which was later confirmed through a histopathological exam. They also review literature of the theme - from 1980 on - in MEDLINE and LILACS. RESULTS A newborn was admitted to the hospital with kernicterus - but no previous cardiopathy - and required the use of an intravascular catheter. During the evolution, the baby developed a recurring fever and systolic murmur. Submitted to exam, the tip of the catheter showed the presence of Candida sp. An ecocardiographic exam showed a great right intra-atrial mass, which was surgically removed. The histopathological exam confirmed the diagnosis of fungal endocarditis. CONCLUSION Fungal Endocarditis should be thought of as a possible diagnosis when great intra-atrial masses are found in neonates with a history of intravascular catheter use and a non-specific infectious condition.