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Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso published in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) as mentioned in this paper is a multinational, interdisciplinary research program led by Brazil that focuses on how tropical forest conversion, regrowth and selective logging influence carbon storage, nutrient dynamics, trace gas fluxes, and the prospect for sustainable land use in the Amazon region.
Abstract: The Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) is a multinational, interdisciplinary research program led by Brazil. Ecological studies in LBA focus on how tropical forest conversion, regrowth, and selective logging influence carbon storage, nutrient dynamics, trace gas fluxes, and the prospect for sustainable land use in the Amazon region. Early results from ecological studies within LBA emphasize the var- iability within the vast Amazon region and the profound effects that land-use and land- cover changes are having on that landscape. The predominant land cover of the Amazon region is evergreen forest; nonetheless, LBA studies have observed strong seasonal patterns in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange, as well as phenology and tree growth. The seasonal patterns vary spatially and interannually and evidence suggests that these patterns are driven not only by variations in weather but also by innate biological rhythms of the forest species. Rapid rates of deforestation have marked the forests of the Amazon region over the past three decades. Evidence from ground-based surveys and remote sensing show that substantial areas of forest are being degraded by logging activities and through the collapse of forest edges. Because forest edges and logged forests are susceptible to fire, positive feedback cycles of forest degradation may be initiated by land-use-change events. LBA studies indicate that cleared lands in the Amazon, once released from cultivation or pasture usage, regenerate biomass rapidly. However, the pace of biomass accumulation is dependent upon past land use and the depletion of nutrients by unsustainable land-management practices. The challenge for ongoing research within LBA is to integrate the recognition of diverse patterns and processes into general models for prediction of regional ecosystem function.

141 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the enteral formula containing glutamine and probiotics decreased the infection rate and shortened the stay in the intensive care unit of brain injury patients.
Abstract: Brain injury patients have higher energy and protein expenditures and are prone to infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of early enteral feeding with glutamine and probiotics in brain injury patients. Twenty-three brain injury patients (Glasgow score between 5-12 and therapeutic intervention scoring system>20) were studied. Three patients were excluded to leave 20 remaining patients. Patients were randomized to receive either an early enteral diet (control group, n=10) or the same formula with glutamine and probiotics added (study group, n=10) for a minimum of 5 days (range, 5-14 days). The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous [35 kcal.kg(-1).day(-1) (where 1 kcal approximately 4.184 kJ) and 1.5 g of protein.kg(-1).day(-1)]. Main outcome measures were the incidence of infection, the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the number of days requiring mechanical ventilation. The two groups were homogeneous in gender, age, nutritional status and severity of trauma. There was no mortality during the study period. The infection rate was higher in controls (100%) when compared with the study group (50%; P=0.03) and the median (range) number of infections per patient was significantly greater (P<0.01) in the control group [3 (1-5)] compared with the study group [1 (0-3)]. Both the critical care unit stay [22 (7-57) compared with 10 (5-20) days; P<0.01; median (range)] and days of mechanical ventilation [14 (3-53) compared with 7 (1-15) days; P=0.04; median (range)] were higher in the patients in the control group than in the study group. We conclude that the enteral formula containing glutamine and probiotics decreased the infection rate and shortened the stay in the intensive care unit of brain injury patients.

117 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used tower-based eddy covariance to quantify the trends in net ecosystem mass (CO2 and H2O vapor) and energy exchange of important land-cover types of NW Mato Grosso during the March-December 2002 seasonal transition.
Abstract: This research utilized tower-based eddy covariance to quantify the trends in net ecosystem mass (CO2 and H2O vapor) and energy exchange of important land-cover types of NW Mato Grosso during the March-December 2002 seasonal transition. Measurements were made in a mature transitional (ecotonal) tropical forest near Sinop, Mato Grosso, and a cattle pasture near Cotriguacu ´ , Mato Grosso, located 500 km WNW of Sinop. Pasture net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was considerably more variable than the forest NEE over the seasonal transition, and the pasture had significantly higher rates of maximum gross primary production in every season except the dry-wet season transition (September-October). The pasture also had significantly higher rates of whole-ecosystem dark respiration than the forest during the wetter times of the year. Average ( � 95% CI) rates of total daily NEE during the March-December 2002 measurement period were 26 � 15 mmol m � 2 day � 1 for the forest (positive values indicate net CO2 loss by the ecosystem) and � 38 � 26 mmol m � 2 day � 1 for the pasture. While both ecosystems partitioned more net radiation (Rn) into latent heat flux (Le), the forest had significantly higher rates of Le and lower rates of sensible heat flux (H) than the pasture; a trend that became more extreme during the onset of the dry season. Large differences in pasture and forest mass and energy exchange occurred even though seasonal variations in micrometeorology (air temperature, humidity, and radiation) were relatively similar for both ecosystems. While the short measurement period and lack of spatial replication limit the ability to generalize these results to pasture and forest regions of the Amazon Basin, these results suggest important differences in the magnitude and seasonal variation of NEE and energy partitioning for pasture and transitional tropical forest.

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the blood preserved as thick blood smears provides an alternative and useful tool for malaria molecular diagnosis, its relatively poor performance at low level parasitemias impairs the correct determination of malaria prevalence in epidemiological studies, but the results obtained confirm that the use of filter-paper to collect blood is useful for field studies.
Abstract: Background: The success of PCR technique depends on many factors, such as high quality DNA pellets obtained from blood samples, good reagents and adequate conditions of amplification. Taking these limitations into account, a retrospective epidemiological study for malaria diagnosis was conducted in a mesoendemic area in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A nested PCR protocol with DNA extracted from two blood storage devices obtained from Giemsa-stained thick blood smears and filter-papers was used for malaria diagnosis. The extracted DNA was used as a template to amplify approximately 100 bp species-specific sequences of the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (18S SSU rRNA) of Plasmodium sp. The prevalence of single and mixed infections was examined in a cross-sectional survey carried out among 369 miners living in the district of Apiacas, Mato Grosso State. The parasitemia levels detected by microscopic examination were compared to the PCR results. Results: DNA samples isolated from blood on filter-paper allowed the detection and identification of Plasmodium in 165 (44.7%) of the 369 individuals evaluated, while only 62 (16.8%) had positive results using DNA obtained from thick smears, a similar rate observed by microscopic examination. The sensitivities of PCR using DNA from blood smears and filter-papers were 65% and 73.0%, respectively. Low parasite infections (below 20 parasites/µL blood) were not detected when thick blood smears were used as a DNA source. Conclusions: Although the blood preserved as thick blood smears provides an alternative and useful tool for malaria molecular diagnosis, its relatively poor performance at low level parasitemias impairs the correct determination of malaria prevalence in epidemiological studies. However, the results obtained in the present study confirm that the use of filter-paper to collect blood is useful for field studies.

84 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The need of the development or use of a more accurate diagnosis method to distinguish between P. malariae and P. vivax is pointed to, which is particularly important in view of the fact that the choice of drug for the antimalarial therapy depends on the parasite species.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although several studies have analyzed the association between serum lipids with anthropometric markers, few, including the present one, support waist circumference as a good predictor of lipid profile.

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although some fish groups do present generalist habits, most of the species can be included in well-defined trophic groups and their relation to the condition of canopy along a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil is determined.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of the diet of fish and its relation to the condition of canopy along a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil Fish were collected monthly from April 1994 to March 1995 A total of 3872 individuals belonging to 82 species were captured and 1606 of them had their stomach content analysed Allochthonous resources were widely used by fish Although some fish groups do present generalist habits, most of the species can be included in well-defined trophic groups Piscivores were abundant only during the flooding season when they occupied the stream looking for food and reproduction sites Deforestation of the riparian forest has negative effects on the fish populations that depend on allochthonous resources Lack of vegetation near the mouth of the river allows sand accumulation on the bottom of the stream and destruction of important microhabitats used as feeding and shelter, a fact that excluded some species from this site

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The intestinal mucosa barrier is impaired and bacterial translocation occurs in experimental uremia, and inflammation score was higher in uremic rats than in controls.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not experimental uremia would induce bacterial translocation. Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: uremic (n=20) and control (n=20). Under anesthesia, the upper and lower left renal poles and the marginal lateral parenchyma were excised in uremic group. Seven days later, in a second operation the whole right kidney was removed. In control animals, two sham operations with the same interval were performed. After 60 days from the first operation, the liver, spleen and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were excised and cultured. Blood samples were sent for biochemical analysis (BUN, creatinine, sodium and potassium) and cultured. Specimens of the jejunum (1 cm below the Treitz angle) and ileum (1 cm above the ileocecal valve) were collected and sent for histological examination and scored for the degree of inflammation of the mucosa using a classification proposed by Chiu et al. in 1970. Uremic rats presented higher BUN, creatinine and potassium than controls. Bacterial translocation was more frequent in uremic than in control animals (8/20 (40%) vs. 1/20 (5%); p=0.02). Translocation in uremic rats was observed mainly at the MLN (all eight cases). Both at the jejunum (uremic=3 [0–5] vs. control=2 [0–4]; p=0.04) and the ileum (uremic=2 [0–5] vs. control=0 [0–3]; p=0.01), inflammation score was higher in uremic rats than in controls. The intestinal mucosa barrier is impaired and bacterial translocation occurs in experimental uremia.

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of a 28-30 m tall transitional forest of the Brazilian Amazon using tower-based eddy co-variance.
Abstract: The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of a 28-30 m tall transitional (eco- tonal) tropical forest of the Brazilian Amazon was quantified using tower-based eddy co- variance. Measurements were made between August 1999 and July 2001 and were used to develop nonlinear statistical models to assess daily variations in ecophysiological param- eters and provide annual estimates of NEE, gross ecosystem CO2 exchange (GEE), and respiration (Re). Diurnal trends in NEE were correlated with variations in photosynthetic photon flux density ( Q), vapor pressure deficit (V ), and temperature. Seasonal trends in the CO2-flux components estimated from nonlinear regression ( Amax and R0) were highly cor- related with soil water availability and canopy structural properties (LAI and litter pro- duction). These results suggest that variations in soil water content can affect rates of canopy photosynthesis and whole forest respiration by altering both physiological processes and canopy structural properties. Estimates of the annual NEE suggest that the forest was in balance with respect to CO2 during the study period, which, in terms of rainfall, was a relatively typical period compared to the 30-yr average rainfall regime. Our results also suggest that the warmer and dryer microclimate and decline in LAI that accompany land- cover change will cause transitional forests to be sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a concept for managing the Pantanal catchment based on the integration of ecological knowledge, institutional organization, and involvement of different stakeholders, which depends on increasing the level of education and access to information as well as implementing procedures to improve public involvement and enforcement of environmental regulations.
Abstract: The Pantanal wetland is a vast seasonally inundated area of extraordinary landscape and biological diversity and complexity. It is located in the upper portion of the Paraguay River basin in central South America. During the rainy season, increased stream discharge from the surrounding basin produces an annual flood pulse through the Pantanal. Increasing human impact, such as dam construction, deforestation, agricultural related activities, and the Hidrovia project in the Parana-Paraguay waterway, threaten the ecological stability of the Pantanal area. As a result, there is an urgent need to introduce new management practices in the Pantanal Basin. In this paper we present a concept for managing the Pantanal catchment based on the integration of ecological knowledge, institutional organization, and involvement of different stakeholders. We propose approaches for an integrated management of the Pantanal and its catchment based on improving data bases and the empowerment of the stakeholder groups. The latter depends on increasing the level of education and access to information, as well as implementing procedures to improve public involvement and enforcement of environmental regulations.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study of assistencia e dificuldades maternas no processo do aleitamento materno de prematuros assistidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) is presented.
Abstract: O estudo objetivou descrever a assistencia e as dificuldades maternas no processo do aleitamento materno de prematuros assistidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN). Para tal, recorreu-se a abordagem qualitativa, obtendo-se os dados atraves da entrevista estruturada, gravada com cinco maes de bebes prematuros, com peso inferior a 2000g, assistidos no hospital universitario de Cuiaba-MT. Como resultados encontrou-se cinco subtemas: mantendo a producao lactea materna atraves da ordenha, enfrentando desconforto durante permanencia na UTIN, convivendo com as condutas medicas alimentares para prematuros, enfrentando a fragilidade do prematuro e o ambiente da UTIN e precisando de apoio logistico para amamentar. Constatou-se a escassez de intervencoes sistematizadas dirigidas ao incentivo do aleitamento materno, durante a hospitalizacao materna e do prematuro, sendo necessaria a capacitacao dos profissionais do hospital e a implantacao de protocolo de intervencao, contemplando as necessidades e vivencias maternas e a articulacao das acoes intra-hospitalares e interinstitucionais.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: O estudo objetivou descrever a assistencia e as dificuldades maternas no processo do aleitamento materno de prematuros assistidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN).
Abstract: La finalidad del estudio fue describir la asistencia y las dificultades maternas en el proceso de amamantamiento de prematuros. Para tal, recorrimos al abordaje cualitativo, realizada a traves de la entrevista estructurada, grabada con cinco madres de ninos prematuros con peso inferior a 2000 granos acompanados en la UTIN en Cuiaba-MT, Brasil. Como resultados verificamos cinco subtemas: mantener la produccion de leche materna mediante ordena, enfrentarse con desconforto durante la estadia en la UTIN, vivir con procedimientos medicos de alimentacion para prematuros, enfrentarse con la fragilidad del prematuro y la UTIN y necesitar apoyo logistico para el amamantamiento. Fue observada una falta de intervenciones sistematicas para estimular el amamantamiento durante la estadia de las madres y sus ninos en el hospital. Es necesario capacitar los profesionales hospitalarios y implantar protocolos de intervencion, con vistas a las experiencias y necesidades maternas y la articulacion entre las acciones intrahospitalarias y interinstitucionales.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Properties of probiotics enhance the recovery of nutritional status and lessen gut mucosal atrophy after fasting, and DNA content in probiotic rats was similar to that in sham rats.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review on the main health theories concerned with diseases resulting from environmental changes and the occurrence of some infectious diseases in Brazil is presented, addressing the relationship between urbanization, human migration, life quality, institutional intervention policy and the emergence of dengue, cholera, malaria, spot fever, and leishmaniasis.
Abstract: This article is a critical review on the main Health theories concerned with diseases resulting from environmental changes and the occurrence of some infectious diseases in Brazil. It addresses the relationship between urbanization, human migration, life quality, institutional intervention policy and the emergence of dengue, cholera, malaria, spot fever, and leishmaniasis. In conclusion, it points out the necessity of carrying out interdisciplinary studies and integrated political strategies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The high seroprevalence found in the present study is in accordance with surveys previously reported in this country and other developing countries and in disagreement with others.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: to establish the rate of toxoplasmosis soroprevalence in postpartum women, attended in two hospitals of the Public Health System (SUS) in Cuiaba, and its correlation with age, previous abortion and women's knowledge of the disease. METHODS: a cross-sectional study including 205 women with ages from 14 to 43 (mean 22.4) years old, attended in these hospitals for two months, in the first or second days postpartum. Each woman answered a short questionnaire and had peripheral blood sample collected. Blood samples were stored at 20°C until assay. The seroprevalence was determined by quantitative detection of specific IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii, using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay. All samples were assayed at the same time. RESULTS: The average number of pregnancies in the women included in this study was 2.2, and the majority of them was pregnant for the first time. The seroprevalence found was 70.7% (165 of 205 women). No statistical correlation was found between seroprevalence and age (p = 0.967) or previous abortion (p = 0.82). Most of the women in this study (78%) did not know about toxoplasmosis and no statistical correlation was found between this condition and seroprevalence (p = 0.49). CONCLUSION: the high seroprevalence found in the present study is in accordance with surveys previously reported in our country and other developing countries. Among the women included in this study, an expressive number (29.3%) is still under risk of contamination. The lack of statistical correlation between seroprevalence and women's age, lack of knowledge about the disease and report of previous abortion is in accordance with some previous studies and in disagreement with others.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the first time, chromosomic heteromosphism related to sex, of the type ZZ/ZW, was observed in Ancistrinae fish and is discussed in relation to karyotipic evolutionary tendencies for the Loricariidae family.
Abstract: Fifteen specimens of Ancistrus cf. dubius of the Paraguay River Basin (Serra das Araras /Barra dos Bu- gres, Mato Grosso state, Brazil) were studied cytogenetically with characterization and of constitutive heterochroma- tin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) evidenced by C-bands, flurochrome GC-rich DA/CMA3 and silver- staining. For the first time, chromosomic heteromosphism related to sex, of the type ZZ/ZW, was observed in An- cistrinae fish. Thus, in the karyotype of males a pair of Z acrocentric chromosomes, represented by a single compo- nent in the females karyotypes, was verified. However, the latter presents an exclusive W acrocentric chromosome. The karyotype formula (18M+10SM+16ST/A in males and in females) and diploid number (2n=44), verified here increases the variation of the diploid chromosome number in Ancistrinae to 2n=44 to 2n=52. These results are dis- cussed in relation to karyotipic evolutionary tendencies for the Loricariidae family.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Berger et al. showed that enfermeiro and um ser that se constroi no tempo, no espaco, no relacoes do cotidiano, essencialmente, represent a conjuncao do ser e their percepcoes/expressoes.
Abstract: Este estudo inscreve-se na area saude e sociedade, subarea processo de trabalho e conhecimento em saude e como estudo da forca de trabalho - o elemento humano do trabalho - em que se pretendeu compreender o processo de construcao da identidade do enfermeiro, a partir do cotidiano de trabalho. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa. O referencial primario foi de Berger e Luckmann e Agnes Heller. Desenvolvemos este estudo num hospital da rede publica de servicos do municipio de Cuiaba, MT. Este estudo nos mostrou que o enfermeiro e um ser que se constroi no tempo, no espaco e nas relacoes do cotidiano, essencialmente. Ser enfermeiro e ser em percepcoes e expressoes sensiveis mais ou menos materializaveis. O modo de ser enfermeiro indica suas formas materiais, sensitivas e expressivas, conformadas no tempo, no espaco, nas relacoes e representando a conjuncao do ser e suas percepcoes/expressoes.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2004-Biocell
TL;DR: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus enhance the recovery of gut atrophy induced by malnutrition in rats, suggesting that probiotics can be useful as oral adjuvants during the Recovery of malnutrition.
Abstract: AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the recovery of the bowel atrophy induced by malnutrition in rats. METHODS Twenty-and-six Wistar rats (200-250g) were fed with either a normoproteic (sham group, n=6) or a free-protein diet (n=20) during 12 days. Twelve malnourished rats were randomized to recover during 15 days with either a hydrolyzed diet (control group, n=6) or the same diet enriched with probiotics (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus; probiotic group, n=6). RESULTS Probiotic group showed similar gain of body, liver and bowel weight than controls. At the jejunum, both the villus height (383+/-49 vs. 321+/-46mm; p=0.04) and crypt depth (157+/-31 vs. 125+/-10mm; p=0.04) were greater in probiotic group than in controls. The crypt depth at the cecum (214+/-22 vs. 169+/-43 mm; p=0.05) and the wall width at both the cecum (410+/-18 vs. 340+/-61 mm; p=0.02) and sigmoid (479+/-130 vs. 330+/-62 mm; p=0.03) were higher in probiotic than in control group. CONCLUSION Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus enhance the recovery of gut atrophy induced by malnutrition. Probiotics can be useful as oral adjuvants during the recovery of malnutrition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the spatial distribution showed that the greatest abundance of spiders occurred in the central region of the crown, which probably provided access to the large number of resources available there and revealed a seasonal difference in the composition of the families in the terrestrial phase (low water).
Abstract: Ecological aspects of a community of Araneae (Arthropoda, Arachnida) at the canopy of the palm Attalea phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae) in the Pantanal of Pocone, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Six palm trees of Attalea phalerata were sampled during the aquatic phase (high water) in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso (February 2001) using canopy fogging. The objective was to evaluate the composition, spatial distribution, behavioural guilds, biomass and seasonality of the community of Araneae at the crowns of these palm trees, which form monospecific stands that are typical of this region. A total of 1,326 spiders was collected in the 99 m2 sampling area (13.4 + 8.2 individuals/m2), representing 20 families, of which Salticidae and Araneidae were the most abundant. The total biomass of 704 spiders from three palm trees was 0.6172 mg dry weight (0.0123+ 0.04 mg/m2). In terms of behaviour guilds, ten groups were found, demonstrating the coexistence of many different groups in the same habitat. Members of the Salticidae, Oonopidae and Ctenidae were the dominant hunters and members of Araneidae and Dictynidae, the dominant orb-weavers. Analysis of the spatial distribution showed that the greatest abundance of spiders occurred in the central region of the crown, which probably provided access to the large number of resources available there. A comparison of these results with the ones obtained in the terrestrial phase (low water) revealed a seasonal difference that is influenced by the flood pulse in which there was a difference in the composition of the families in the high and low water.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a producao teorica, apoiada em formulacoes presentes no debate academico em torno dos processos assistenciais em saude, oferece subsidios a qualificacao do cuidado individualizado.
Abstract: Esta producao teorica, apoiada em formulacoes presentes no debate academico em torno dos processos assistenciais em saude, oferece subsidios a qualificacao do cuidado individualizado. Argumenta-se em prol do resgate da intersubjetividade na atencao, focando aspectos interacionais socioculturais e psico-afetivos, tomando-os como dimensao essencial na construcao de uma nova relacao com os sujeitos alvos de atencao e de uma abordagem ampla das suas vivencias e necessidades em saude.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Isotopic and chemical data of rocks from the Cachoeirinha suite provide new insights on the Proterozoic evolution of the Rio Negro/Juruena Province in SW Amazonian craton as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Isotopic and chemical data of rocks from the Cachoeirinha suite provide new insights on the Proterozoic evolution of the Rio Negro/Juruena Province in SW Amazonian craton. Six U-Pb and Sm-Nd analyses in granitoid rocks of the Cachoeirinha suite yielded ages of 1587-1522 Ma and TDM model ages of 1.88-1.75 Ga (EpsilonNd values of –0.8 to +1.0). In addition, three post-tectonic plutonic rocks yielded U-Pb ages from 1485-1389 Ma (TDM of 1.77-1.74 Ga and EpsilonNd values from –1.3 to +1.7). Variations in major and trace elements of the Cachoeirinha suite rocks indicate fractional crystallization process and magmatic arc geologic setting. These results suggest the following interpretations: (1) The interval of 1590-1520 Ma represents an important magmatic activity in SW Amazonian craton. (2) TDM and arc-related chemical affinity support the hypothesis that the rocks are genetically associated with an east-dipping subduction zone under the older (1.79-1.74 Ga) continental margin. (3) The 1590-1520 Ma age of intrusive rocks adjacent to an older crust represents similar geological framework along the southern margin of Baltica, corroborating the hypothesis of tectonic relationship at that time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The high frequency (94%) of P. brachyurus was unexpected and is of concern considering the fact that soybean and corn, are both susceptible to this nematode and are used in crop rotation programs.
Abstract: In a survey carried out in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, the lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, and the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were found, respectively, in 94% and 3.7% of a total of 623 root and soil samples representing 21,793 ha. No visible aboveground symptoms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants infected by P. brachyurus were observed, except for typical root lesions. In contrast, plants with M. incognita usually exhibited pronounced symptoms of damage. The high frequency (94%) of P. brachyurus was unexpected and is of concern considering the fact that soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays), are both susceptible to this nematode and are used in crop rotation programs.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2004-Genetica
TL;DR: The occurrence of sex chromosomes in Leporinus trifasciatus and Leporina sp2 from the Araguaia river, Amazon basin, Brazil, was investigated and it was found that the Z and W chromosomes of this species have originated independently from the ZW system previously described for other Leporine species.
Abstract: A wide range of sex chromosome mechanisms, including simple and multiple chromosome systems is characteristic of fishes. The Leporinus genus represent a good model to study sex chromosome mechanisms, because an unambiguous ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system was previously described for seven species, while the remaining studied species of the genus do not show differentiated sex chromosomes. The occurrence of sex chromosomes in Leporinus trifasciatus and Leporinus sp2 from the Araguaia river, Amazon basin, Brazil, was here investigated. ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes were detected for both species. The Z and W chromosome morphology of L. trifasciatus is the same as described for other species of the genus Leporinus. However, the Z and W chromosomes of L. sp2 were quite different in their morphology and banding pattern suggesting that the ZW system of this species have originated independently from the ZW system previously described for other Leporinus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Pantanal comprises a number of landscape units, submitted to a flood pulse with variable intensity or regularity, and one of these units, the flooded plains, is important in cattle raising, where consumption by cattle was also more intense during the months of greater precipitation.
Abstract: The Pantanal comprises a number of landscape units, submitted to a flood pulse with variable intensity or regularity. One of these units, the flooded plains, is important in cattle raising. This study was carried out in the northern portion of the Pantanal and presents data related to the productive dynamics of the flooded native pastures both protected from and exposed to cattle. The greatest total biomass values were for the protected pasture due to accumulated dead biomass. Net primary production presented smaller values at the flood-season start and increasing gradually beginning in the subsequent rainy season. However, consumption by cattle was also more intense during the months of greater precipitation. The effect of cattle in pastures is of fundamental importance to management since it prevents the dead biomass excess that increases fire risks.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A pesquisa foi a apreensao das sutis faces da violencia, do poder e da dominacao simbolicos presentes nas acoes e praticas de saude dos diversos profissionais da area, dirigidas a mulher em situacao de gestacao, parto e puerperio.
Abstract: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi a apreensao das sutis faces da violencia, do poder e da dominacao simbolicos presentes nas acoes e praticas de saude dos diversos profissionais da area, dirigidas a mulher em situacao de gestacao, parto e puerperio. O referencial teorico adotado para interpretar os dados foi a Economia das Trocas simbolicas de Pierre Bourdieu, incorporando tambem algumas reflexoes sobre autonomia e heteronomia, poder, violencia e forca, conforme os analisa Chaui. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram onze mulheres em situacao de gestacao, parto e puerperio internadas em um servico publico de saude. Utilizamos para a coleta dos dados a entrevista e a observacao participante das relacoes estudadas. Conclui que nas relacoes que se estabelecem entre pacientes e equipe medica, estao presentes elementos simbolicos que contribuem sobremodo para a invisibilidade desta modalidade de violencia muito presente nas praticas de saude.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A estimativa da Hb, por meio of uma equacao teorica, sugeriu that o ferro endogeno permite manter os niveis normais de Hb no primeiro trimestre de vida no primeiros meses of vida.
Abstract: Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de descrever a evolucao da concentracao de hemoglobina [Hb], considerando os fatores: peso ao nascer; velocidade relativa de crescimento e alimentacao. E um estudo transversal realizado com criancas no primeiro ano de vida, atendidas para acompanhamento do crescimento e do desenvolvimento em servicos publicos de saude, em cidades localizadas nas cinco regioes geograficas brasileiras. Verificou-se que 51,7% das criancas entre 6 e 12 meses de idade eram anemicas. A estimativa da Hb, por meio de uma equacao teorica, sugeriu que o ferro endogeno permite manter os niveis normais de Hb no primeiro trimestre de vida. A prevalencia de baixa Hb foi maior entre as criancas com baixo peso ao nascer. A velocidade relativa de crescimento, avaliada pela diferenca do peso atual e peso ao nascer, em unidades de Z escore, nao foi fator de relevância para a Hb. A importância do aleitamento materno foi evidente nos primeiros meses de vida. Verificou-se, entretanto, que os alimentos complementares nao influenciaram a Hb. A elevada prevalencia de niveis baixos de hemoglobina indica a necessidade de enfatizar programas de intervencao para o controle da anemia ferropriva.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An estimated 50 tons of mercury (Hg) have been emitted by gold miners in the Bento Gomes river basin, in the municipality of Pocone, Brazil, since the 1980s as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An estimated 50 tons of mercury (Hg) have been emitted by gold miners in the Bento Gomes river basin, in the municipality of Pocone, Brazil, since the 1980s. Since the mid-l990s, the state agency f...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the fork length is a good predictor of the age of individuals of this fish species.
Abstract: The Duckbill Catfish, Sorubim lima, is a predator of large South American rivers. The age and growth of S. lima were studied based on the pectoral fin-spines of samples collected from the Cuiaba River, Pantanal. The samples were taken from commercial and experimental hook-and-line fishing. An analysis of the marginal increment suggests that the growth rings are formed once a year during the dry season, from July to September (ANOVA type I: F = 4.183; g.l. = 3 and 104; p = 0.008). The estimate of the parameters that describe von Bertalanffy's growth curve by nonlinear regression of the observed lengths in the age were: L¥ = 56.0 cm (fork length); k = 0.245 year-1; to = -2.605 years. The animals were estimated to have a life span of 9.6 years. The findings indicate that the fork length is a good predictor of the age of individuals of this fish species.