Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso published in 2009"
TL;DR: Using the genealogic concordance method of phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) via maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis, a clade of 17 genotypically similar isolates, including Pb01, which are distinct from the S1/PS2/P3 clade are identified.
295 citations
University of São Paulo1, National Institute of Amazonian Research2, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária3, University at Albany, SUNY4, University of California, Irvine5, University of Arizona6, Harvard University7, California State University San Marcos8, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso9, Universidade Federal de Rondônia10, Wageningen University and Research Centre11
TL;DR: In this paper, the seasonal patterns of water vapor and sensible heat flux along a tropical biome gradient from forest to savanna were investigated, and the authors found that evaporation rates increased in the dry season, coincident with increased radiation and soil moisture.
Abstract: [1] We investigated the seasonal patterns of water vapor and sensible heat flux along a tropical biome gradient from forest to savanna. We analyzed data from a network of flux towers in Brazil that were operated within the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). These tower sites included tropical humid and semideciduous forest, transitional forest, floodplain (with physiognomies of cerrado), and cerrado sensu stricto. The mean annual sensible heat flux at all sites ranged from 20 to 38 Wm 2 , and was generally reduced in the wet season and increased in the late dry season, coincident with seasonal variations of net radiation and soil moisture. The sites were easily divisible into two functional groups based on the seasonality of evaporation: tropical forest and savanna. At sites with an annual precipitation above 1900 mm and a dry season length less than 4 months (Manaus, Santarem and Rondonia), evaporation rates increased in the dry season, coincident with increased radiation. Evaporation rates were as high as 4.0 mm d 1 in these evergreen or semidecidous forests. In contrast, ecosystems with precipitation less than 1700 mm and a longer dry season (Mato Grosso, Tocantins
259 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of small-scale disturbance on terrestrial arthropods and select groups that could be used as ecological indicators in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were assessed, and the abundance of exotic species was higher in the disturbed site, and this pattern seems to be an adequate indicator of anthropogenic disturbance.
119 citations
TL;DR: Abbreviation of the period of preoperative fasting and administration of a carbohydrate beverage diminishes insulin resistance and the organic response to trauma.
Abstract: Background
Studies showing the improvement of insulin sensitivity by reducing the term of preoperative fasting are mostly done in patients undergoing major operations. More information about the role of shortened preoperative fasting in perioperative metabolism is needed for such elective minor/moderate abdominal procedures as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We investigated the influence of a carbohydrate-rich drink given 2 h before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on insulin resistance and the metabolic response to trauma.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Manso hydropower plant has been regulating the Cuiaba River, which is one of the two main affluents of the northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, responsible for the flooding of at least 20,000 km2 of the world's greatest floodplain.
99 citations
TL;DR: The cluster analysis showed that the valleys and hillsides are the most similar in relation to species composition and abundance, yet different from the secondary forest with eucalypts and the hilltop.
Abstract: The knowledge on Atlantic Forest scarab beetle fauna is quite limited. This biome is strongly degraded and these insects can be used as bioindicators since they are sensitive to forest destruction and show distinct organizational patterns in forest fragments or in areas that have been deteriorated by human activity. Thus, a study of the Scarabaeidae (sensu stricto) dung beetles fauna that inhabit Serra do Japi, Sao Paulo, Brazil (23o12'-23o22' S and 46o53'-47o03'W) was carried out; the monthly species richness was analyzed in six areas during one year and the vegetation's structural physiognomy was described. The areas included a conserved and a degraded valley, a northward and a southward hillside, a hilltop, and an area of secondary forest growing under eucalyptus trees. The specimens were collected using four pitfall traps baited with human feces, which remained at each spot during 48 hours. Between September, 1997 and August, 1998, 3524 individuals of 39 species were collected; the most abundant were: Canthidium trinodosum, Eurysternus cyanescens, Uroxys kratochvili, Scybalocanthon nigriceps, Uroxys lata, Canthonella sp., Dichotomius assifer, Deltochilum furcatum, Canthidium sp.2, Canthon latipes, Deltochilum rubripenne, Eurysternus sp., and Dichotomius sp.1. The number of individuals and species was greater in the hot, rainy season, when there was a correlation between the number of species and the mean annual temperature [r2= 0.69; p<0.01]. The lower winter richness was most pronounced in the conserved valley, while richness remained relatively constant in the degraded valley; abundance was much higher in the degraded valley. The cluster analysis showed that the valleys and hillsides are the most similar in relation to species composition and abundance, yet different from the secondary forest with eucalypts and the hilltop.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hipertensao arterial sistemica (HAS) is considered to be one of the most important fatores de risco for doencas cardiovasculares.
Abstract: FUNDAMENTO: A hipertensao arterial sistemica (HAS), considerada um problema de saude publica devido a sua elevada prevalencia e dificuldade de controle, e descrita tambem como um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para doencas cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia da HAS, assim como as caracteristicas de seu controle e tratamento, na populacao de 18 a 90 anos da regiao urbana de Nobres - MT. METODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostragem aleatoria e com reposicao. O criterio para classificacao da HAS foi pressao arterial (PA) > 140/90 mmHg ou uso atual de anti-hipertensivos. As entrevistas foram realizadas utilizando-se questionarios padronizados e testados previamente. As variaveis foram descritas por medias ± desvios-padrao e frequencias. As medias foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste t-Student e as associacoes por meio do teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nivel de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Nos 1.003 individuos maiores de 18 anos analisados, foi observada prevalencia de HAS de 30,1%. Entre os hipertensos (N = 302), 73,5% sabiam dessa condicao, 61,9% faziam tratamento e 24,2% tinham a PA controlada. Observou-se a associacao positiva entre HAS e idade; analfabetismo; escolaridade inferior a oito anos; IMC > 25kg/m²; circunferencia da cintura aumentada e muito aumentada; razao cintura-quadril (RCQ) em faixa de risco; sedentarismo e etilismo. CONCLUSAO: A HAS revelou-se um importante problema de saude publica tambem em um municipio de pequeno porte do interior do pais. Os niveis de controle e tratamento da hipertensao nessa populacao foram considerados insatisfatorios, apesar de melhores em comparacao aos observados em outros estudos.
77 citations
TL;DR: The literature review indicated the need for further chemical-pharmacological studies on Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke and Hyptis crenata Pohl.
Abstract: An ethnobotanical survey was conduced to study the vegetal species from Pantanal, in the district of Pirizal-MT, popularly used as anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer. Ethnobotanical data were collected through open interviews and ethnopharmacology questionnaire with 38 local informers, in the age group of 25 to 75 years old. The local name, the part normally used, the mode of preparation and the administration route were asked to them. A bibliographic review of the plants most cited in the study was carried out using the conventional databases. A total of 49 species were cited belonging to 47 genera and 32 families, with emphasizing the Fabaceae family. The plants most cited were Lafoensia pacari St. Hil (9.2%), Hyptis crenata Pohl (8.8%), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (6.7%), Stachytarpheta cayenensis (L.C.Rich) Vahl (5.8%), Waltheria indica L. (5%), Strychnos pseudoquina St.Hil (4.2%) and Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke (3.3%). The part of the plant most cited was the leaf (57.1%), the most used administration route in the treatment of ulcers was oral (100%), in the form of teas (75%), while in the inflammations, topical baths were preferentially used (60%). The literature review indicated the need for further chemical-pharmacological studies on Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke and Hyptis crenata Pohl.
75 citations
TL;DR: Restriction of perioperative intravenous crystalloid fluid is associated with reductions in morbidity and length of postoperative hospital stay after major abdominal operations.
Abstract: Perioperative fluid replacement is a challenging issue in surgical care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different perioperative hydration protocols on the outcome in patients undergoing major abdominal operations. This was a prospective study involving 61 patients (42 men/19 women; mean age: 52 years; age range: 18–81 years) who underwent major abdominal operations. The study had two distinct phases: before (conventional group; administered 30–50 ml/kg per day of crystalloid fluids; n = 33) and after the implementation of a protocol of restricted use of intravenous fluids (restricted group; administered less than 30 ml/kg per day of crystalloid fluids; n = 28). The total volume of intravenous crystalloid fluids infused was recorded until postoperative day (POD) 4. Morbidity, mortality, and the length of postoperative hospital stay were the main clinical variables. Mortality was 4.9% (p > 0.05 between groups). Intravenous therapy in the restricted group was terminated earlier (p < 0.001) and the patients received 2.4 l less crystalloid fluid than did those in the conventional group from POD 1 through POD 4 (p < 0.001). The adoption of the restricted protocol shortened the postoperative hospital stay by 2 days (p = 0.02) and diminished the morbidity by 25% (p = 0.04). Restriction of perioperative intravenous crystalloid fluid is associated with reductions in morbidity and length of postoperative hospital stay after major abdominal operations.
68 citations
TL;DR: The main biological mechanisms responsible for the association between physical activity and prevention or treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases and functional disability are reviewed and the current recommendations for the practice of physical exercises in these contexts are reviewed.
Abstract: A atividade fisica pode ser efetivar tanto na atencao primaria quanto secundaria e terciaria da saude. Os objetivos do artigo sao analisar a associacao entre atividade fisica e prevencao ou tratamento das doencas cronicas nao-transmissiveis e incapacidade funcional e rever os principais mecanismos biologicos responsaveis por essa associacao e as recomendacoes atuais para a pratica de exercicios nessas situacoes. Diversos estudos epidemiologicos mostram associacao entre aumento dos niveis de atividade fisica e reducao da mortalidade geral e por doencas cardiovasculares em individuos adultos e idosos. Embora ainda nao estejam totalmente compreendidos, os mecanismos que ligam a atividade fisica a prevencao e ao tratamento de doencas e incapacidade funcional envolvem principalmente a reducao da adiposidade corporal, a queda da pressao arterial, a melhora do perfil lipidico e da sensibilidade a insulina, o aumento do gasto energetico, da massa e forca muscular, da capacidade cardiorrespiratoria, da flexibilidade e do equilibrio. No entanto, a quantidade e qualidade dos exercicios necessarios para a prevencao de agravos a saude podem ser diferentes daquelas para melhorar o condicionamento fisico. De forma geral, os consensos para a pratica de exercicios preventivos ou terapeuticos contemplam atividades aerobias e resistidas, preferencialmente somadas as atividades fisicas do cotidiano. Particularmente para os idosos ou adultos, com co-morbidades ou limitacoes que afetem a capacidade de realizar atividades fisicas, os consensos preconizam, alem dessas atividades, a inclusao de exercicios para o desenvolvimento da flexibilidade e do equilibrio.
66 citations
TL;DR: Protein restriction led to an increase in EE, with probable activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, evidenced by a increase in catecholamines levels, and the high level of leptin associated with hyperphagia led to the supposition that these animals are leptin resistant.
TL;DR: In this paper, caracteristicas epidemiologicas of pacientes diabeticos atendidos na rede publica, cadastrados no Sistema HiperDia, entre 2002 and 2006, and estimar a cobertura of 58,8%.
Abstract: OBJETIVOS: Descrever caracteristicas epidemiologicas de pacientes diabeticos atendidos na rede publica, cadastrados no Sistema HiperDia, entre 2002 e 2006, e estimar a cobertura deste sistema no municipio. METODO: Estudo transversal, com dados secundarios de 7.938 diabeticos, residentes em Cuiaba, MT. Utilizou-se estatistica descritiva para analise dos dados. RESULTADOS: A cobertura do HiperDia foi de 58,8%. A maioria dos individuos apresentou diagnostico de diabetes melito tipo 2. Mais de 80% dos pacientes eram hipertensos. Observou-se maior proporcao de mulheres, de individuos nascidos no estado, com baixa escolaridade e idade >40 anos. Os principais fatores de risco cardiovascular identificados foram: sobrepeso, sedentarismo e antecedentes familiares cardiovasculares. O infarto do miocardio foi a complicacao mais frequentemente observada. CONCLUSÂO: Os pacientes diabeticos quando cadastrados no HiperDia apresentavam sinais de estagio avancado da doenca. Caracteristicas sociodemograficas e clinicas detectadas nesses pacientes podem subsidiar acoes de prevencao e manejo adequado do diabetes na atencao basica.
TL;DR: The environmental behavior of metolachlor and diuron was studied in the Central-western region of Brazil, by means of a field study where six experimental plots were installed The soil was classified as a Latosol, and the soil horizons were characterized as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The environmental behaviour of metolachlor and diuron was studied in the Central-western region of Brazil, by means of a field study where six experimental plots were installed The soil was classified as a Latosol, and the soil horizons were characterized Sorption of metolachlor and diuron was evaluated in laboratory batch experiments Metolachlor and diuron were applied to the experimental plots on uncultivated soil in October 2003 From this date to March 2004, the following processes were studied: leaching, runoff and dissipation in top soil Koc of metolachlor varied from 179 to 264 mL g−1 in the soil horizons Koc of diuron in the Ap horizon was 917 mL g−1, decreasing significantly in the deeper horizons Field dissipation half-lives of metolachlor and diuron were 18 and 15 days, respectively In percolated water, metolachlor was detected in concentrations ranging from 002 to 284 μg L−1 In runoff water and sediment, metolachlor was detected in decreasing concentrations throughout the period of study Losses of 002% and 054% of the applied amount by leaching and runoff, respectively, were observed confirming the high mobility of this herbicide in the environment In percolated water, diuron was detected with low frequency but in relatively high concentrations (up to 629 μg L−1) In runoff water and soil, diuron was detected in decreasing concentrations until 70 days after application, totalizing 139% during the whole sampling period These results show the importance of practices to reduce runoff avoiding surface water contamination by these pesticides, particularly diuron
TL;DR: This study has demonstrated antimicrobial activity of Mato Grosso Cerrado ethnomedicinal plants in in vitro assays and has indicated that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal and bacterial infections.
Abstract: Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from stem barks of Bowdichia virgilioides, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cariniana rubra, Lafoensia pacari, and Stryphnodendron obovatum and rhizome of Simaba ferruginea and Dragon's blood red sap from Croton urucurana were screened against a panel of bacteria and fungi using the micro-broth dilution method. Dragon's blood from Croton urucurana was the most effective antimicrobial plant material. Ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark deserved distinction by their selective antibacterial activity. Lafoensia pacari stem bark polar extracts distinguished by their potent and selective anti-yeast activity and Bowdichia virgilioides polar and non-polar extracts by their antifungal activity towards hyalohypho-mycetes and dermatophytes. This is the first report showing antifungal activity for polar extracts of Cariniana rubra and Simaba ferruginea. This study has demonstrated antimicrobial activity of Mato Grosso Cerrado ethnomedicinal plants in in vitro assays and has indicated that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal and bacterial infections.
TL;DR: Overall seasonal patterns with peaks of vegetative and reproductive activity occurring between dry and wet seasons are suggested, suggesting that the timing of seed dispersal, germination and young seedling development is a major factor responsible for synchronized ripening of fruits at the beginning of the rainy season.
Abstract: Analisamos a fenologia vegetativa e reprodutiva procurando relacionar mudancas nas fenofases com variaveis abioticas (precipitacao, temperatura e fotoperiodo) e investigamos a ocorrencia de sazonalidade. A regiao apresenta verao chuvoso (outubro-abril) e inverno seco (maio-setembro). Entre out/2005 e set/2007, 1.221 individuos pertencentes a 84 especies foram monitorados mensalmente quanto a presenca/ausencia e intensidade das fenofases queda foliar, brotamento, floracao e frutificacao. A maioria das especies apresentou estrategia fenologica vegetativa decidua (44%) ou brevidecidua (16%). A queda foliar foi correlacionada negativa e significativamente com precipitacao e fotoperiodo, apresentando data media em agosto. O brotamento apresentou correlacao positiva com temperatura media mensal. Floracao e frutificacao ocorreram nos dois anos em 69 especies. Houve maior concentracao de flores nos meses de maior estresse hidrico (jul-ago). Afrutificacao de especies zoocoricas (70% das especies na area) ocorreu de forma continua, sendo correlacionada negativamente com precipitacao e positivamente com temperatura. A frutificacao das anemocoricas ocorreu nos meses mais secos. Nossos resultados sugerem padroes fenologicos sazonais, sendo que na transicao entre estacoes seca e chuvosa ocorreu maior atividade vegetativa e reprodutiva. Esses padroes fenologicos tem sido comumente encontrados no cerrado brasileiro e sugerem que a epoca de dispersao, germinacao de sementes e de estabelecimento de plântulas e um fator importante para sincronizar a maturacao dos frutos no inicio da estacao chuvosa.
TL;DR: The main risk factors for occurrences of canine infection identified in the city of Cuiabá were the presence of dogs living in areas surrounding homes and the proximity of homes to forests, and there have been changes in leishmaniasis occurrences within the urban environment.
Abstract: Leishmaniases are zoonoses that are undergoing expansion in Brazil. Dogs are of importance regarding transmission and dispersion of the disease, especially in areas presenting visceral leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leishmaniasis among domestic dogs in the urban area of Cuiaba. For this investigation, four districts of Cuiaba were selected, one in each administrative region. The dog sampling was defined statistically, taking the prevalence to be 8.4%. Among the 468 dogs examined, 16 presented an indirect immunofluorescence reaction, thus resulting in an overall prevalence of 3.4%. There was no predisposition towards canine leishmaniasis occurrences in relation to breed, sex or age. The main risk factors for occurrences of canine infection identified in the city of Cuiaba were the presence of dogs living in areas surrounding homes and the proximity of homes to forests. Thus, there have been changes in leishmaniasis occurrences within the urban environment.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the cAMP increase induced by stimulation of beta(2)-AR in skeletal muscles from fasted mice is possibly the mechanism by which catecholamines suppress atrogin-1 and the UPS, this effect being mediated via phosphorylation of Akt and thus inactivation of Foxo3.
Abstract: Although it is well known that catecholamines inhibit skeletal muscle protein degradation, the molecular underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of beta(2)-adrenoceptors (AR) and cAMP in regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in skeletal muscle. We report that increased levels of cAMP in isolated muscles, promoted by the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine was accompanied by decreased activity of the UPS, levels of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, and expression of atrogin-1, a key ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in muscle atrophy. In cultured myotubes, atrogin-1 induction after dexamethasone treatment was completely prevented by isobutylmethylxanthine. Furthermore, administration of clenbuterol, a selective beta(2)-agonist, to mice increased muscle cAMP levels and suppressed the fasting-induced expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, atrogin-1 mRNA being much more responsive to clenbuterol. Moreover, clenbuterol increased the phosphorylation of muscle Akt and Foxo3a in fasted rats. Similar responses were observed in muscles exposed to dibutyryl-cAMP. The stimulatory effect of clenbuterol on cAMP and Akt was abolished in muscles from beta(2)-AR knockout mice. The suppressive effect of beta(2)-agonist on atrogin-1 was not mediated by PGC-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha known to be induced by beta(2)-agonists and previously shown to inhibit atrogin-1 expression), because food-deprived PGC-1alpha knockout mice were still sensitive to clenbuterol. These findings suggest that the cAMP increase induced by stimulation of beta(2)-AR in skeletal muscles from fasted mice is possibly the mechanism by which catecholamines suppress atrogin-1 and the UPS, this effect being mediated via phosphorylation of Akt and thus inactivation of Foxo3.
TL;DR: The study concluded that the demand for care for individuals with mental distress was not recorded on the patient charts, nor was it part of a proposal for individual or family interventions; some measures were taken according to a lay concept of 'mental illness' and treatment, thus reflecting the need for continuing training in mental health.
Abstract: Esse estudo tem como objeto a atencao a saude mental no Programa Saude da Familia (PSF) e como pressuposto a complexidade desse atendimento. Os objetivos foram analisar as condicoes concretas da assistencia a saude mental em unidades de PSF de Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brasil, descrevendo a dinâmica assistencial e identificando situacoes e instrumentos utilizados pelos diferentes trabalhadores para atender problemas de sofrimento mental na comunidade. Por meio de metodologia exploratorio-descritiva, foram estudados os discursos de oito equipes com os recursos da analise de conteudo. Concluiu-se que a demanda de atendimento as pessoas com sofrimento mental nao era registrada nos prontuarios nem integrava projeto de intervencao individual ou familiar; algumas acoes eram realizadas numa concepcao leiga de "doenca mental" e tratamento, e o recurso do encaminhamento para a rede especializada era frequentemente acionado, apesar da precariedade desta, refletindo a necessidade de continuidade no processo de capacitacao em saude mental.
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the seroprevalence of leishmaniasis among domestic dogs in the urban area of Cuiaba, Brazil, and found that the main risk factors for occurrences of canine infection were the presence of dogs living in areas surrounding homes and the proximity of homes to forests.
Abstract: Leishmaniases are zoonoses that are undergoing expansion in Brazil. Dogs are of importance regarding transmission and dispersion of the disease, especially in areas presenting visceral leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leishmaniasis among domestic dogs in the urban area of Cuiaba. For this investigation, four districts of Cuiaba were selected, one in each administrative region. The dog sampling was defined statistically, taking the prevalence to be 8.4%. Among the 468 dogs examined, 16 presented an indirect immunofluorescence reaction, thus resulting in an overall prevalence of 3.4%. There was no predisposition towards canine leishmaniasis occurrences in relation to breed, sex or age. The main risk factors for occurrences of canine infection identified in the city of Cuiaba were the presence of dogs living in areas surrounding homes and the proximity of homes to forests. Thus, there have been changes in leishmaniasis occurrences within the urban environment. Key-words: Epidemiology. Dog. Leishmania spp. Cuiaba.
TL;DR: In this article, a programa de controle de qualidade, a avaliacao do vigor de sementes e fundamental e necessaria for o sucesso da producao.
Abstract: Dentro de um programa de controle de qualidade, a avaliacao do vigor de sementes e fundamental e necessaria para o sucesso da producao. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiencia de diferentes testes de vigor na avaliacao da qualidade fisiologica de sementes de milho-doce na tentativa de diferenciacao de lotes quanto ao nivel de vigor e previsao de emergencia de plântulas em campo e ao potencial de armazenamento, 10 lotes do hibrido DO-04 shrunken-2 (sh-2) foram submetidos a teste de germinacao, primeira contagem, precocidade de emissao de raiz primaria (32, 48, 56 e 72h), teste de frio, condutividade eletrica (50 sementes 75mL-1 de agua; 25°C/4, 6, 8 e 24h), envelhecimento acelerado (42°C) em agua destilada (100%UR), solucao saturada de cloreto de potassio (87%UR) e solucao saturada de cloreto de sodio (76% UR), avaliando-se quatro periodos de exposicao (24, 48, 72 e 96h), teor de agua, emergencia de plântulas em campo e germinacao apos armazenamento das sementes (10°C e 40%UR), avaliada quadrimestralmente por 16 meses. A condutividade eletrica (por 6, 8 e 24h) foi o unico teste eficiente na diferenciacao do vigor de lotes de sementes de milho-doce (sh2); no entanto, nao apresentou correlacao com a emergencia de plântulas em campo ou armazenamento.
01 Apr 2009
TL;DR: A presente pesquisa foi realizada na Comunidade Sitio Pindura, no Municipio de Rosario Oeste, Mato Grosso, Brazil (lat. 14o 49’ 41” S, e long. 56o 24’ 51” W) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: ESUMOEm virtude do impacto causado pela agropecuaria e pelo acelerado processo de industrializacao, a flora do Cerrado vem sendo profundamente alterada, assim como a cultura popular das pessoas que vivem desse bioma, pelo avanco da cultura moderna. Neste contexto, sob o enfoque da etnobotânica, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento sobre as especies e familias botânicas com potencial de uso no cerrado. A presente pesquisa foi realizada na Comunidade Sitio Pindura, no Municipio de Rosario Oeste, Mato Grosso, Brasil (lat. 14o 49’ 41” S, e long. 56o 24’ 51” W). Foi utilizada a tecnica de “bola de neve” (snow ball), para a escolha dos 35 informantes. Para coleta dos dados foram usadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, ques-tionarios, e percursos em trilhas no cerrado com moradores da Comunidade. No levan-tamento etnobotânico foram catalogadas 142 especies, pertencentes a 123 generos e distribuidas em 60 familias botânicas. As especies vegetais foram inclusas em diver-sas categorias de uso, tais como: alimentar, construcao civil, lenha, medicinal, mouroes e cercas, entre outras. Foi constatado um grande conhecimento sobre a fl ora do cerra-do, atraves da intensa utilizacao de plantas nativas pelos moradores locais. O saber local sobre os recursos vegetais do cerrado tem origem nas adaptacoes humanas e interacoes com o ecossistema, conhecimento adquirido atraves de observacoes e vivencias com o meio ambiente, e que possibilita um saber ecologico que e materializado em suas pra-ticas cotidianas.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for sodium determination in biodiesel fuel by flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) using the dry decomposition for the sample preparation was reported.
TL;DR: A recent study as mentioned in this paper showed that associacao observada entre a circunferencia da cintura and a hipertensao arterial pode estar relacionada a ausencia de controle de potenciais fatores de confusao nas analises, bem como a nao remocao do efeito da adiposidade total.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associacao entre marcadores antropometricos de adiposidade corporal (indice de massa corporal e circunferencia da cintura) e hipertensao arterial. METODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, realizado no periodo de 2003 a 2004, com 1.298 individuos de 20 a 59 anos. Foram considerados hipertensos os individuos com pressao arterial > 140/90 mmHg ou em uso de medicacao anti-hipertensiva. As associacoes entre os indicadores antropometricos e a hipertensao arterial foram analisadas por regressao de Poisson, ajustada por potenciais fatores de confusao (sexo, idade, escolaridade, tabagismo, consumo de bebida alcoolica e atividade fisica no lazer). A curva ROC foi utilizada para determinar o melhor ponto de corte do IMC para deteccao da hipertensao arterial. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de hipertensao arterial foi de 28,3%, sendo 33,5% no sexo masculino e 23,5% no feminino. Apos ajuste para o IMC e potenciais fatores de confusao, a circunferencia da cintura perdeu associacao com o desfecho avaliado, permanecendo apenas o IMC com poder de explicacao para a hipertensao arterial (RP = 1,05, p = 0,001). O melhor ponto de corte para o IMC no sexo masculino foi de 25,6 Kg/m², e no sexo feminino 25,7 Kg/m². CONCLUSOES: A associacao observada entre a circunferencia da cintura e a hipertensao arterial em muitos estudos pode estar relacionada a ausencia de controle de potenciais fatores de confusao nas analises, bem como a nao remocao do efeito da adiposidade total. Novas investigacoes devem ser conduzidas na populacao brasileira, a fim de se verificar as verdadeiras associacoes entre indicadores antropometricos e varios desfechos, estudando-se tambem os melhores pontos de corte desses indicadores.
TL;DR: In this article, cholesterol oxidase (COX) layers were alternated with layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) in layer-by-layer (LbL) films whose morphology was investigated with atomic force microscopy.
TL;DR: Both protocols improved CVD and metabolic risk factors and resisted exercise combined with aerobics should be considered for obese people.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Resisted and aerobic exercises are recommended to reduce weight and improve health, but which exercise modality offers the best results is still unclear. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to compare circuit weight training (CWT) with jogging (JOGG) on multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic risk factors and fitness of overweight and obese women (body composition, lipid profile, uric acid, glucose, metabolic equivalent (MET), heart rate, blood pressure, flexibility, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nitrogen balance (NB)). METHODS Fifty women were randomly divided in two groups, but only 26 finished it: CWT (n=14; 36+/-12 years old; body mass index, BMI=32+/-7 kg/m(2)) and JOGG (n=12; 37+/-9; BMI=29+/-2). The first month of training consisted of 60 min x 03 days/week and the second month of training consisted of 04 days/week for both protocols and a dietary reeducation. RESULTS Both groups reduced total body mass, fat body mass, BMI, plasma uric acid and increase in MET (p<0.05); there was no change in lean body mass, REE and resting heart rate. CWT reduced total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, NB and increased flexibility; JOGG reduced waist/hip ratio, glucose, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Both protocols improved CVD and metabolic risk factors. The CWT presented favorable changes regarding lipid profile and flexibility; JOGG on glucose, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure. These results suggest that resisted exercise combined with aerobics should be considered for obese people. Nevertheless, regarding some basal differences between the groups , it was not possible to conclude that changes were due to exercise type or intra-group variability.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have built epidemiological features of violence against minors under 15 years of age who live in Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil based on all cases reported to the local Juvenile Courts and Child Protective Services in 2002 and 2006.
Abstract: Summary In this study we have built epidemiological features of violence against minors under 15 years of age who live in Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil based on all cases reported to the local Juvenile Courts and Child Protective Services in 2002 and 2006. We have analyzed 607 cases reported in 2002 and 1,013 cases reported in 2006. Violence has mainly occurred in the victim’s own house and for about one or two years prior to the report. Physical abuse was prevalent (52.9% in 2002 and 48.2% in 2006). By comparing the two years of the study, there was an increase in the incidence of all sorts of violence and reoccurrence of violence in 172 cases (10.6%). Although all reports from both years were analyzed, it was a cross-sectional study and its characteristics can be modified when interventions are implemented. The growing incidence from 2002 to 2006 point at the importance of investments, both in prevention and information improvement.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the antiulcer activity of Calophyllum brasiliense is due, in part, to its anti-Helicobacter pylori action, validating the popular use of this species.
TL;DR: A high prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed among patients with high blood pressure living in Cuiabá, with a significant association with BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2), insulin resistance (HOMA index) and, especially, a family history of highBlood pressure.
Abstract: FUNDAMENTO: El sindrome metabolico (SM) es un agregado de factores que predisponen para enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes mellitus, cuyas caracteristicas epidemiologicas no son suficientemente conocidas a nivel regional y nacional. OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de SM y factores asociados en una muestra de hipertensos del area urbana de Cuiaba - MT. METODOS: Estudio de corte transversal (mayo a noviembre de 2007) en muestra de 120 hipertensos (con 20 anos o mas), clasificados por sexo y seleccionados por muestreo sistematico de una poblacion fuente de 567 hipertensos de Cuiaba. Todos los seleccionados respondieron a una encuesta en domicilio para la obtencion de datos sociodemograficos y habitos de vida. Se midio: presion arterial; indice de masa corporal (IMC); circunferencias de cintura y cadera; glicemia; insulinemia; lipidos sericos; calculo del indice de homeostasis de la resistencia insulinica (HOMA); proteina C-reactiva; acido urico y fibrinogeno. El criterio para hipertension adoptado fue: Promedio de PAS > 140mmHg y/o PAD > 90mmHg, para sindrome metabolico segun la I Directriz Brasilena de Sindrome Metabolico y NCEP-ATP III. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 120 hipertensos (60 mujeres), con un promedio de edad de 58,3 ± 12,6 anos. Se observo una prevalencia de SM del 70,8% (IC95% 61,8-78,8), con predominio entre las mujeres (81,7% vs 60,0%; p=0,009), sin diferencias entre adultos (71,4%) y ancianos (70,2%). El analisis de regresion multiple revelo una asociacion positiva entre el SM y el IMC >25 Kg/m2, la resistencia insulinica y algun antecedente familiar de hipertension. CONCLUSION: Se observo una elevada prevalencia de SM entre hipertensos de Cuiaba, asociada significativamente al IMC >25 Kg/m2, a la resistencia insulinica (Indice HOMA) y, en especial, a una historia familiar de hipertension. Estos resultados sugieren la profundizacion de este asunto mediante nuevos estudios.
TL;DR: The Schumacher-Hall model showed the best performance for volumes with and without bark as discussed by the authors, with an average volume of 7.45% of total volume of 93 trees cubed by the L&O test.
Abstract: This study aimed to test and select models, with and without bark volume, and to determine the form factor and bark percentage of an open ombrophylous forest in northwest Mato Grosso. 91 trees were cubed by obtaining diameter, bark percentage, stem height and solid stem volume. A total of 10 models were tested. Statistical procedures, such as adjusted determination coefficient, residual error and distribution of residuals, were tested. The selected models were validated by the L&O test. The average form factor was 0.7424 and 0.7297, with and without bark, respectively. The average volume of bark was 0.4292 m3 (7.45% of total volume). The Schumacher-Hall model showed the best performance for volumes with and without bark.
TL;DR: It was observed that the Reference Center for Neonatal Screening for congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria had difficulties in recalling suspected cases and financial difficulties in obtaining laboratorial reagents.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar o Servico de Referencia em Triagem Neonatal para hipotireoidismo congenito e fenilcetonuria no Estado de Mato Grosso. METODOS: Estudo transversal, utilizando-se dados secundarios dos exames realizados no periodo de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. RESULTADOS: Foram feitos 66.337 testes de triagem com uma cobertura populacional inferior a 70%. A prevalencia de fenilcetonuria foi de 1:33.068 nascidos vivos, e de hipotireoidismo congenito foi de 1:9.448 nascidos vivos. Apenas 22% das amostras foram coletadas na idade recomendada; a maioria realizou o teste de triagem entre 8 e 30 dias de vida. A mediana da idade na coleta do teste foi de 12 dias. Verificou-se que o servico teve dificuldades na reconvocacao dos casos suspeitos e dificuldades financeiras na obtencao dos insumos laboratoriais. CONCLUSOES: A idade na coleta e o atraso na fase de confirmacao diagnostica foram os principais motivos para o atraso do inicio do tratamento dos casos detectados pelo servico.