Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais published in 1969"

Prolonged septicaemic salmonellosis: Treatment of intercurrent schistosomiasis with niridazole

Abstract: With the appearance of cases of septicaemic salmonellosis resistant to chloramphenicol and various antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs (tetracyclines, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, sulphonamides) we decided to treat the intercurrent schistosomiasis from which these patients suffered. The response to treatment with niridazole was excellent. Two resistant cases showed dramatic and convincing clinical and laboratory response, the cure not being followed by relapses; both the salmonellosis and the schistosomiasis were cured by daily doses of 25-20 mg. per kg. for 7–10 consecutive days. The results so far obtained from this preliminary study led us to treat 8 other patients with niridazole before any antibiotics. This was successful and all the patients were cured of both infections; the rapid sterilization of cultures was outstanding, particularly the blood cultures (Table I). Although it is too soon to draw any definite conclusion on the pathogenetic importance of schistosomiasis in the salmonellosis of long duration, the results of the present trial are discussed on the basis of a probable anti-salmonella action of niridazole, which was also demonstrated in vitro.

Política educacional e regulação no contexto Latino-Americano: Argentina, Brasil e Chile

Abstract: The article discusses some questions relative to current educational policies in three countries of Latin America: Argentina, Brazil and Chile. By means of literature review followed by documental research, including pertinent legislation in each country and documents produced by International Organizations linked to the UN which work in the Region, we attempted to observe in which measure the changes occurred within the educational legislation in these three countries delineated a new educational policy which translates into different mechanisms of regulation. It is considered that the public policies adopted in these three countries in the last decade have undergone changes in virtue of the processes of reforms which presented as a common trace a new educational regulation based on three axes: local management; per capita financing and systemic evaluation.

Comportamento verbal na terapia analítico comportamental

Abstract: The importance earned by the functional analysis of verbal behavior in behavioral analytic therapy is recent That’s represents a paradox once the therapy works almost exclusively through verbal interaction between the therapist and the client Many concepts proposed by Skinner to the analysis of verbal behavior can help in understanding the dysfunctional aspects of verbal behaviors and their influence on client’s non-verbal behaviors Among them, this paper deal with auditory, non-punitive auditory, distorted tacts, disguised mands, intraverbal behavior, rules control, verbal lapses, metaphorical tacts, meaning by use, and training in tact client’s behavior and their control variables The categorization of client’s behavior in agreement with such concepts supplies relevant indications concerning their controlling variables, allowing a performance of the therapist in the re-establishment of the client's behavioral repertoires and the improvement of the dysfunctional verbal repertoires

Infection of baby mice with Schistosoma mansoni; some biological aspects in connection with experimental chemotherapy.

Abstract: Groups of mice 2–6 days old were exposed by paddling to 35 or 50 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni per animal. The mean worm burden from 115 baby mice exposed to 35 cercariae was 20·7 (59·2% of worm return). In 400 adult mice, weighing about 20 g. and exposed to 120 cercariae, worm return was only 18·6% (a mean worm burden of 22·3 schistosomes). 8–10 weeks after exposure of baby mice to S. mansoni cercariae, 70–85% of the schistosomes were found in the mesenteric veins, 5–10% in the liver, and 10–20% in the portal vein. The mortality rate among 662 baby mice exposed to 50 cercariae was found to increase sharply after the 6th week of infection. The percentages of the various schistosome elements (oogram) in the intestinal wall of infected baby mice, 53–60 days after exposure to S. mansoni cercariae, did not differ from the pattern already described for mice infected when adult. The therapeutic activity of 14 antischistosomal compounds was compared in groups of baby mice and adult animals experimentally infected with S. mansoni. No significant differences were found when the hepatic shift of worms and oogram changes were used for the assessment of activity. The infection of baby mice with S. mansoni cercariae represents a simple and reliable working model for chemotherapeutic studies.

Políticas de responsabilização e gestão escolar na educação básica brasileira

Abstract: Our goal is to identify the current difficulties of school principals in meeting expectations either of the school community or of the educational administration, based on research data, especially that from the survey, “Teachers’ Work in Basic Education in Brazil”, begun in 2009. It is shown that the demands of collectively building school management occur at the same time as schools must respond to the imperatives of accountability policies, which associate results with awards for teachers and schools. Identified as primarily responsible for achieving the best levels of school performance, school principals work in an arena of tensions between autonomy and control.

Discutindo o uso do laboratório de análise do comportamento no ensino de psicologia

Abstract: This article is an argument about using experimental laboratory as a resource in teaching psychology by the approachs between the use of the laboratory in Teaching Sciences and Behavior Analysis. It is questioned outwhat is the role played by the laboratory and what are its effective contributions as a teaching resource in students’ learning. The functions traditionally associated with the Animal Operant Laboratory are addressed, as well as its main features and his critics. It is emphasized, above all, that the laboratory practices must be as a space for creating conditions in which students can develop skills that will be indispensable in their future profession. It is emphasized, at last, the relevance of conceiving the Behavior Analysis Laboratory not necessarily as Animal Operant Laboratory but as a space conducive to other activities.

Elementos fundamentais para a aquisição de operantes verbais por bebês: análise comportamental da atenção compartilhada

Abstract: Language behavioral study presupposes to consider the operant contingencies for the responding repertoire acquisition to stimulus relation such as is proposed for any others behaviors. One of the challenges for the advancements of the verbal behavior Skinner’s proposal is the search of explanations for the description of the essential components in the acquisition and maintenance of the infants’ verbal repertoire. To surpass such a challenge teases, between other things, it is important to invest in the interphrase between verbal operant behavioral conception with other areas of the knowledge, like Developmental Psychology. The present work proposes that a joint attention operant analysis would fulfill paper of basic element for the infants’ verbal operant acquisition, specifically mands and tacts. This examination seems fruitful for the analysis of the impact of Verbal Behavior aspects in teorical explanation and for empirical investigations of the language acquisition essencial components.

A educação no contexto das políticas sociais atuais: entre a focalização e a universalização

Abstract: This article discusses education as a social policy in the context of the educational reform under way in Brazil since the first half of the 1990s. It starts from the fact that the country has lived an intense process of educational reforms expressed in actions and measures which have altered the configuration of the system as well as the objective of the policies. Based on some theoretical references which are founded on studies and empirical researches, it discusses the processes of the State reform in Latin America countries and thus identifies a clear orientation to focalize the educa- tional policy in Brazil and obeying the same tendency in conducting social policies in general. The study also observes that such orientation is carried out in more complex reforms which involve public administration, adopting models of disregulation and descentralization which allow the focalization of social policies on the poorer populations, to the detriment of universal policies.

O modelo da equivalência de estímulos na análise de distúrbios de ansiedade: os efeitos da história experimental e da qualidade de estímulos em sujeitos ansiosos e não-ansiosos

Abstract: Equivalent of stimuli's model for the analysis of anxiety disorder: the effects of experimental history and stimulus characteristics in anxious and non-anxious subjects. Eight subjects, four anxious and four non-anxious (the free choice group) were exposed to a conditional relation task, with threatening and non-threatening stimuli. The subjects could form homogeneous relations (only threatening stimuli or only non-threatening ones) and mixed relations (threatening and no threatening stimuli). Eight other subjects, four anxious and four non-anxious (the forced choice group) could only form mixed relations. After a training of mixed relations, the non-anxious in the free choice group formed as many mixed classes as homogeneous ones while the anxious, only formed homogeneous relations. In the forced choice group neither neither a nxious nor non-anxious subjects showed any preference to form either one of these types of classes. The data suggest that the difficulty which anxious subjects have in forming mixed relations is due to pre-existing threatening and non-threatening stimulus-classes. Furthermore, a preceding context of forced mixed choices can interfere in the patterns of emergent relations.

E a ponta fica excluída: desafios à participação do servidor na administração pública

Abstract: O objetivo deste artigo e compreender a dinâmica da subjetividade em que aspectos historicos e culturais impregnam o ambiente institucional e afetam a participacao do servidor em um orgao fazendario no Brasil. O referencial teorico adotado e a teoria da subjetividade numa perspectiva historico-cultural (GONZALEZ REY, 2003, 2005), cuja concepcao de subjetividade rompe dicotomias entre o social e o individual. Adota-se um conceito de participacao associado as formas pelas quais o servidor publico participa no contexto geral onde trabalha, buscando influenciar os destinos da instituicao. Os sujeitos de pesquisa sao sete auditores fiscais de uma administracao fazendaria estadual no Brasil. O levantamento dos dados deu-se entre julho de 2009 e fevereiro de 2010, por meio das tecnicas de conversacao e redacao e as interpretacoes basearam-se nos principios da epistemologia qualitativa (GONZALEZ REY, 1999, 2005). Os resultados revelam aspectos da subjetividade social hegemonica que impactam a participacao dos servidores, como: gestao rigida e centralizada; resquicios de autoridade excessiva e prevalencia masculina no ambiente de trabalho. Conclui-se que a forma de gestao na instituicao pesquisada inibe e ate impede o desenvolvimento da participacao no cotidiano do trabalho.

Contorno e limites do conceito do social em Axel Honneth

Abstract: Particularly in his texts prior to The Struggle for Recognition, Axel Honneth often makes use of the nominalized adjective "the social" (das Soziale), never explicitating directly the meaning he assigns to it. However, this concept, which is always pressuposed, underlies his wellknown critique of the sociological deficit of the Frankfurtian critical tradition, as well as it guides tacitly the development of his work until the mature model of the normative reconstruction. The article attempts to make it explicit as a socialontological commitment assumed by Honneth's critical theory. The article concludes that Honneth's social is, if not identical, at least coextensive with the norms constituted within interactions of intersubjective recognition, what provides a relative strength to his critical model, but also settle its limits

Ética profissional: fatos e possibilidades

Abstract: The professional ethics questions in Psychology is discussed from a tentative behavioral analysis of some verbal statements about moral and ethics. The dissociations between the ethical "speaking" and "doing" and the involved complexity in the assimilation of social contingencies, rules or laws are outlined. Some situations circumscribed in the academic environment and to the several psychologist's action fields are mentioned as susceptible to ethical questioning. The rights recognitions and attributions are pointed out as the base for the ethical behaviors development and for the overcoming of the dissociation between the ethical "speaking” and "doing".

Hume e os limites da educação

Abstract: The modern philosophy, especially with the enlightenment, propose the human emancipation from error and investigations that do not go beyond the capacity of human faculties. In that sense, how do they comprehend the role of education? In this context, we can emphasize Hume`s work on philosophy. Indeed, he does not have any specific philosophy of education, but, is possible and fruitful try to present a new approach on education that have their ground on humean philosophy. It is the intent of this paper, taking into consideration the naturalistic and skeptic aspects of the Scottish philosopher, trying to support that a skeptical and naturalistic education is coherent with Hume intentions.