Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

About: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais is a education organization based out in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Immune system. The organization has 41631 authors who have published 75688 publications receiving 1249905 citations.

Measuring disorder in graphene with the G and D bands

Abstract: Here we analyse the evolution of the disorder induced D-band (∼1350 cm−1) and of the first-order allowed G-band (∼1584 cm−1) in the Raman spectra of ion bombarded graphene. By increasing the bombardment time, we increase the disorder and, consequently, decrease the average distance (LD) between defects. We describe how the intensity, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and integrated area vary for the D and G bands as a function of LD. Finally, we compare the evolution of the intensity ratio ID/IG and of the integrated area ratio AD/AG between the D and G bands as a method for quantifying disorder in graphene. For practical use and inter-laboratorial comparison, the authors advise using the intensity ratio for a more suitable measure for analysing defect density.

Factors associated with the contraindicated use of oral contraceptives in Brazil

Abstract: OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalencia de contraindicacao ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais e os fatores associados em mulheres brasileiras. METODOS Participaram 20.454 mulheres que responderam ao inquerito Vigitel em 2008, das quais 3.985 reportaram uso de contraceptivos orais. Definiu-se como uso contraindicado de anticoncepcionais quando presente pelo menos uma condicao: hipertensao; doencas cardiovasculares como infarto, derrame/acidente […]

Strategic approaches to restoring ecosystems can triple conservation gains and halve costs

Abstract: International commitments for ecosystem restoration add up to one-quarter of the world’s arable land. Fulfilling them would ease global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity decline but could displace food production and impose financial costs on farmers. Here, we present a restoration prioritization approach capable of revealing these synergies and trade-offs, incorporating ecological and economic efficiencies of scale and modelling specific policy options. Using an actual large-scale restoration target of the Atlantic Forest hotspot, we show that our approach can deliver an eightfold increase in cost-effectiveness for biodiversity conservation compared with a baseline of non-systematic restoration. A compromise solution avoids 26% of the biome’s current extinction debt of 2,864 plant and animal species (an increase of 257% compared with the baseline). Moreover, this solution sequesters 1 billion tonnes of CO2-equivalent (a 105% increase) while reducing costs by US$28 billion (a 57% decrease). Seizing similar opportunities elsewhere would offer substantial contributions to some of the greatest challenges for humankind. A restoration prioritization approach applied to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot considers 362 scenarios for synergies and trade-offs between ecological and economic costs, benefits and scales.