Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

About: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais is a education organization based out in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 41631 authors who have published 75688 publications receiving 1249905 citations.

All noncontextuality inequalities for the n-cycle scenario

Abstract: The problem of separating classical from quantum correlations is, in general, intractable and has been solved explicitly only in a few cases. In particular, known methods cannot provide general solutions for an arbitrary number of settings. We provide the complete characterization of the classical correlations and the corresponding maximal quantum violations for the case of $n\ensuremath{\ge}4$ observables ${X}_{0},...,{X}_{n\ensuremath{-}1}$, where each consecutive pair ${{X}_{i},{X}_{i+1}}$, sum $\mathrm{mod}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}n$, is jointly measurable. This generalizes both the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt and the Klyachko-Can-Binicio\ifmmode \breve{g}\else \u{g}\fi{}lu-Shumovsky scenarios, which are the simplest ones for locality and noncontextuality, respectively. In addition, we provide explicit quantum states and settings with maximal quantum violation and minimal quantum dimension.

Leprosy in Brazil

Abstract: Leprosy or Hansen's disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae. The skin and nervous manifestations of the disease present a singular clinical picture that is easily recognized. After India, Brazil still is the second country with the greatest number of cases in the world. Around 94% of the known cases and 94% of the new cases reported in America, come from Brazil. The disease presents itself in two well-defined stable and opposite poles (lepromatous and tuberculoid) and two unstable groups (indeterminate and dimorphic). The spectrum of presentation of the disease may also be classified as: tuberculoid tuberculoid (TT), borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline borderline (BB), borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous lepromatous (LL). The finding of acid fast bacillus in tissue is the most useful method of diagnosis. The effective treatment of leprosy includes the use of specific therapy, suppression of lepra reactions, prevention of physical incapacity, and physical and psychosocial rehabilitation. Chemotherapy with rifampin, dapsone and clofazimine have produced very good results and the control of the disease in Brazil in the foreseeable future is likely.

The Influence of Primary Care and Hospital Supply on Ambulatory Care–Sensitive Hospitalizations Among Adults in Brazil, 1999–2007

Abstract: Objectives. We assessed the influence of changes in primary care and hospital supply on rates of ambulatory care–sensitive (ACS) hospitalizations among adults in Brazil.Methods. We aggregated data on nearly 60 million public sector hospitalizations between 1999 and 2007 to Brazil's 558 microregions. We modeled adult ACS hospitalization rates as a function of area-level socioeconomic factors, health services supply, Family Health Program (FHP) availability, and health needs by using dynamic panel estimation techniques to control for endogenous explanatory variables.Results. The ACS hospitalization rates declined by more than 5% annually. When we controlled for other factors, FHP availability was associated with lower ACS hospitalization rates, whereas private or nonprofit hospital beds were associated with higher rates. Areas with highest predicted ACS hospitalization rates were those with the highest private or nonprofit hospital bed supply and with low (< 25%) FHP coverage. The lowest predicted rates wer...

Uterine Fibroids: Pathogenesis and Interactions with Endometrium and Endomyometrial Junction

Abstract: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are benign tumors of uterus and clinically apparent in a large part of reproductive aged women. Clinically, they present with a variety of symptoms: excessive menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhoea and intermenstrual bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, and pressure symptoms such as a sensation of bloatedness, increased urinary frequency, and bowel disturbance. In addition, they may compromise reproductive functions, possibly contributing to subfertility, early pregnancy loss, and later pregnancy complications. Despite the prevalence of this condition, myoma research is underfunded compared to other nonmalignant diseases. To date, several pathogenetic factors such as genetics, microRNA, steroids, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components have been implicated in the development and growth of leiomyoma. This paper summarizes the available literature regarding the ultimate relative knowledge on pathogenesis of uterine fibroids and their interactions with endometrium and subendometrial myometrium.

Spermatogonial stem cell niche and spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in zebrafish.

Abstract: Background: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis, and reside within a specific microenvironment in the testes called ‘‘niche’’ which regulates stem cell properties, such as, self-renewal, pluripotency, quiescence and their ability to differentiate. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we introduce zebrafish as a new model for the study of SSCs in vertebrates. Using 59-bromo-29-deoxyuridine (BrdU), we identified long term BrdU-retaining germ cells, type A undifferentiated spermatogonia as putative stem cells in zebrafish testes. Similar to rodents, these cells were preferentially located near the interstitium, suggesting that the SSC niche is related to interstitial elements and might be conserved across vertebrates. This localization was also confirmed by analyzing the topographical distribution of type A undifferentiated spermatogonia in normal, vasa::egfp and fli::egfp zebrafish testes. In the latter one, the topographical arrangement suggested that the vasculature is important for the SSC niche, perhaps as a supplier of nutrients, oxygen and/or signaling molecules. We also developed an SSC transplantation technique for both male and female recipients as an assay to evaluate the presence, biological activity, and plasticity of the SSC candidates in zebrafish. Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrated donor-derived spermato- and oogenesis in male and female recipients, respectively, indicating the stemness of type A undifferentiated spermatogonia and their plasticity when placed into an environment different from their original niche. Similar to other vertebrates, the transplantation efficiency was low. This might be attributed to the testicular microenvironment created after busulfan depletion in the recipients, which may have caused an imbalance between factors regulating self-renewal or differentiation of the transplanted SSCs.