Institution
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Education•Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil•
About: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais is a education organization based out in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 41631 authors who have published 75688 publications receiving 1249905 citations.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Medicine, Immune system, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: During the inflammatory process, the migrating neutrophils participate in the cascade of events leading to mechanical hypernociception, at least by mediating the release of direct‐acting hypernOCiceptive mediators, such as PGE2.
Abstract: Neutrophil migration is responsible for tissue damage observed in inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils are also implicated in inflammatory nociception, but mechanisms of their participation have not been elucidated. In the present study, we addressed these mechanisms in the carrageenan-induced mechanical hypernociception, which was determined using a modification of the Randall-Sellito test in rats. Neutrophil accumulation into the plantar tissue was determined by the contents of myeloperoxidase activity, whereas cytokines and PGE(2) levels were measured by ELISA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The pretreatment of rats with fucoidin (a leukocyte adhesion inhibitor) inhibited carrageenan-induced hypernociception in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of hypernociception by fucoidin was associated with prevention of neutrophil recruitment, as it did not inhibit the hypernociception induced by the direct-acting hypernociceptive mediators, PGE(2) and dopamine, which cause hypernociception, independent of neutrophils. Fucoidin had no effect on carrageenan-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1)/CXCL1 production, suggesting that neutrophils were not the source of hypernociceptive cytokines. Conversely, hypernociception and neutrophil migration induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and CINC-1/CXCL1 was inhibited by fucoidin, suggesting that neutrophils are involved in the production of direct-acting hypernociceptive mediators. Indeed, neutrophils stimulated in vitro with IL-1beta produced PGE(2), and IL-1beta-induced PGE(2) production in the rat paw was inhibited by the pretreatment with fucoidin. In conclusion, during the inflammatory process, the migrating neutrophils participate in the cascade of events leading to mechanical hypernociception, at least by mediating the release of direct-acting hypernociceptive mediators, such as PGE(2). Therefore, the blockade of neutrophil migration could be a target to development of new analgesic drugs.
274 citations
••
TL;DR: Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden.
Abstract: Importance: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.Evidence Review: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss.Findings: Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries.Conclusions and Relevance: Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.
274 citations
••
TL;DR: A comparison of the maximum sorption capacity of several untreated biomaterial-based residues showed that coffee husks are suitable candidates for use as biosorbents in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
273 citations
••
Wageningen University and Research Centre1, University of Puerto Rico2, National Autonomous University of Mexico3, Colby College4, National Institute of Amazonian Research5, University of São Paulo6, Federal University of Pernambuco7, University of Alberta8, Paul Sabatier University9, University of Colorado Boulder10, University of Connecticut11, International Institute of Minnesota12, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute13, Tulane University14, University of Stirling15, Clemson University16, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad17, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais18, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza19, Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute20, The Catholic University of America21, Colorado Mesa University22, State University of New York at Purchase23, University of Haifa24, University of Wisconsin-Madison25, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul26, Universidade Federal de Viçosa27, Costa Rica Institute of Technology28, University of Minnesota29, University of California, Santa Barbara30, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia31, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi32, University of California, Berkeley33, Columbia University34, New York Botanical Garden35, National University of Singapore36, Yale-NUS College37, Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture38, University of Amsterdam39, Louisiana State University40, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras41
TL;DR: This work assesses how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics.
Abstract: Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
273 citations
••
Joint Genome Institute1, University College Dublin2, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais3, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center4, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen5, Vanderbilt University6, University of Wisconsin-Madison7, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine8, Ohio State University9, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences10, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research11, Louisiana State University12
TL;DR: The comparative genome analysis of 29 taxonomically and biotechnologically important yeasts, including 16 newly sequenced, enables correlation of genes to useful metabolic properties and showed the synteny of the mating-type locus to be conserved over a billion years of evolution.
Abstract: Ascomycete yeasts are metabolically diverse, with great potential for biotechnology. Here, we report the comparative genome analysis of 29 taxonomically and biotechnologically important yeasts, including 16 newly sequenced. We identify a genetic code change, CUG-Ala, in Pachysolen tannophilus in the clade sister to the known CUG-Ser clade. Our well-resolved yeast phylogeny shows that some traits, such as methylotrophy, are restricted to single clades, whereas others, such as l-rhamnose utilization, have patchy phylogenetic distributions. Gene clusters, with variable organization and distribution, encode many pathways of interest. Genomics can predict some biochemical traits precisely, but the genomic basis of others, such as xylose utilization, remains unresolved. Our data also provide insight into early evolution of ascomycetes. We document the loss of H3K9me2/3 heterochromatin, the origin of ascomycete mating-type switching, and panascomycete synteny at the MAT locus. These data and analyses will facilitate the engineering of efficient biosynthetic and degradative pathways and gateways for genomic manipulation.
273 citations
Authors
Showing all 42077 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
Pulickel M. Ajayan | 176 | 1223 | 136241 |
Alan D. Lopez | 172 | 863 | 259291 |
Jens Nielsen | 149 | 1752 | 104005 |
Mildred S. Dresselhaus | 136 | 762 | 112525 |
Jing Kong | 126 | 553 | 72354 |
Mauricio Terrones | 118 | 760 | 61202 |
Michael Brammer | 118 | 424 | 46763 |
Terence G. Langdon | 117 | 1158 | 61603 |
Caroline A. Sabin | 108 | 690 | 44233 |
Michael Brauer | 106 | 480 | 73664 |
Michael Bader | 103 | 735 | 37525 |
Michael S. Strano | 98 | 480 | 60141 |
Pablo Jarillo-Herrero | 91 | 245 | 39171 |
Riichiro Saito | 91 | 502 | 48869 |