Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Pelotas published in 1988"

Water supply, sanitation and housing in relation to the risk of infant mortality from diarrhoea.

Abstract: In a population-based case-control study in the metropolitan areas of Porto Alegre and Pelotas in southern Brazil children dying in infancy from diarrhea were compared to neighborhood controls in terms of several social and environmental variables. Factors found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of death from diarrhea included the nonavailability of piped water the absence of a flush toilet residence in a poorly built house and household overcrowding. When adjustment was made for confounding variables and the mutual confounding effect of the environmental variables on each other the only association that remained statistically significant was that with the availability of piped water. The association with poor housing was almost significant (p=0.052). Compared to those with water piped to their house those without easy access to piped water were found to be 4.8 times more likely to suffer infant death from diarrhea (95% confidence interval 1.7-13.8) and those with water piped to their plot but not to their house had a 1.5 times greater risk (95% confidence interval 0.8-3.0). (authors)

Operacionalização do conceito de classe social em estudos epidemiológicos

Abstract: Procura-se demonstrar que e possivel operacionalizar o conceito de classe social de forma a utiliza-lo em estudos epidemiologicos. Foi adaptado as caracteristicas da formacao social de Pelotas, RS (Brasil), modelo de classificacao desenvolvido para o Mexico e comparado com o desenvolvido para Ribeirao Preto, SP (Brasil). Mediu-se o poder discriminatorio das duas classificacoes em termos do processo saude-doenca, tendo como variavel dependente o crescimento de 5.384 criancas nascidas em 1982. As duas classificacoes estao associadas com diferencas significativas (P<0,001) no crescimento infantil, mas o modelo do Mexico mostra melhor poder discriminatorio do que a classificacao de Ribeirao Preto. Quando ambas foram incluidas em uma analise multivariada do peso e da altura das criancas, o efeito do modelo do Mexico foi altamente significativo (P<0,001), ao contrario do efeito da classificacao, modelo Ribeirao Preto.

Influence of birth weight on mortality from infectious diseases: a case-control study.

Abstract: The association between birthweight and infant mortality from infectious diseases was investigated in a population-based case-control study in 2 urban areas in southern Brazil. All deaths of children 7-364 days of age occurring in a year were studied and the parents of the 357 infants dying of an infectious case were interviewed as were the parents of 2 neighborhood control infants for each case. Low birthweight infants (2500 g) were found after allowing for confounding factors to be 2.3 (90% confidence interval=1.6-3.4) times more likely to die of an infection than those of higher birthweight. The odds ratios were 2.0 (1.1-3.6) for deaths due to diarrhea 1.9 (1.0-3.6) for respiratory infections and 5.0 (1.3-18.6) for other infections. These estimates of the risks associated with low birthweight are considerably lower than those from studies in developed countries. (authors)

Repeated mass treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni: experience in hyperendemic areas of Brazil: II. Micro-level evaluation of results

Abstract: As shown by a recent survey in northeast Brazil, an overall (macro-level) assessment of control campaigns for schistosomiasis mansoni will tend to ignore localized variations in endemicity, thus re...

Sobre a posição do ureter no hilo renal de bovinos da raça Hereford

Abstract: There was studied the position of the emergence of the ureter in the hilus in 30 pairs of kidneys of Hereford cattle. For that, the hilus was divided in quadrants so named: craniolateralis, craniomedialis, caudolateralis and caudomedialis. The results obtained show different sites of emergence, especially in the left kidney.

Estudos farmacológicos preliminares dos extratos da Casearia sylvestris Swartz

Abstract: The "cha de bugre", Casearia sylvestris Swartz has been popularly used for several purposes. More recently, abortive characteristics have been attributed to it. This possibility has prompted us to evaluate the toxicity of its crude natural products and their "in vitro" effects on uterine motility. The median lethal dose of the aqueous extract from C.sylvestrisleaves is 1792g/kg, in albino mice. With the aqueous solution of the ethanol extract we have observed "in vitro" on rat uterine spontaneous motility; increase of frequency of contraction, elevation of resting tone and decrease in the amplitude of contraction. This solution of ethanol extract has reduced the maximum response and increased the median effective dose (ED50) to oxytocin. The aqueous mecerated solution, a kind of galenical preparation, has increased all the parameters observed on uterine spontaneous motility; it has also affected the cumulative dose-response of oxytocin by increasing the maximum response and decreasing the ED50. These results suggest that extracts from leaves of C. sylvestris are able to modify, "in vitro", uterine activity. These data are in agrument with the popular use of this plant as abortive, in our country.

Contribuição ao estudo da vascularização arterial do nó sinoatrial em bovinos da raça Hereford

Abstract: A vascularizacao arterial do no sinoatrial em bovinos da raca Hereford, foi investigada em 50 coracoes (25 macacos e 25 femeas), adultos, abatidos no Matadouro Ruas, Municipio de Pelotas, R.5. Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos chegar as seguintes conclusoes: 1) a regiao ocupada pelo no sinoatrial acha-se irrigada, mais frequentemente, isto e, 49 vezes (98,0% ± 2,0) apenas pelo ramus proximalis atrii sinistri, oriundo do ramus circunflexus sinister 43 vezes (86,0% ± 4,9) ou da A. coronaria sinistra 6 vezes (12,0%. ± 4,6); 2) a nutricao do tecido nodal e realizada somente 1 vez (2,0 ± 2,0) exclusivamente pelo ramus proximalis atrii dextri, originada da A. coronaria dextra; 3) anastomoses arteriais, de que participam os vasos responsaveis pelo suprimento sanguineo do citado no, foram registradas 242 vezes nos 50 coracoes examinados; 4) na analise dos resultados verificamos que o confronto entre os bovinos da raca Hereford com os azebuados, Holandes preto e branco e Gir, revelou-se estatisticamente significante, ao considerarmos os vasos que, atuantes na vascularizacao arterial do no sinoatrial, originam-se exclusivamente do ramus circunflexus sinister ou da A. coronaria sinistra, ou da A. coronaria dextra.