Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Pelotas published in 1989"
TL;DR: The association between infant feeding habits and infant mortality from diarrhea was investigated in a population-based case-control study in two urban areas in southern Brazil during 1985, and the strong protective effect of breast-feeding persisted after these adjustments.
Abstract: The association between infant feeding habits and infant mortality from diarrhea was investigated in a population-based case-control study in two urban areas in southern Brazil during 1985. Each of 170 infants who died due to diarrhea was compared with two neighborhood controls. After allowance was made for confounding variables, infants who received powdered milk or cow's milk, in addition to breast milk, were at 4.2 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-10.1) the risk of death from diarrhea compared with infants who did not receive artificial milk, while the risk for infants who did not receive any breast milk was 14.2 times higher (95% CI 5.9-34.1). Similar results were obtained when infants who died from diarrhea were compared with infants who died from diseases that were presumed to be due to noninfectious causes. Each additional daily breast feed reduced the risk of diarrhea death by 20% (95% CI 2-34%), but the increase in risk associated with each bottle feed was not significant after allowance was made for the number of breast feeds. The only other consumption variable associated with diarrhea mortality was the frequency with which tea, water, or juice were drunk with each feed (increase in risk, 42% (95% CI 4-93%]. The odds ratios associated with nonbreast milk were highest in the first two months of life. Possible biases were investigated, including the interruption of breast-feeding as an early consequence of the terminal illness, but the strong protective effect of breast-feeding persisted after these adjustments.
192 citations
TL;DR: In a population based case-control study, 127 Brazilian infants who died due to a respiratory infection were compared with 254 neighbourhood controls and the variables found to be most closely associated with mortality were breastfeeding, education of the father, the number of under-fives, family income and birthweight.
Abstract: In a population based case-control study, 127 Brazilian infants who died due to a respiratory infection were compared with 254 neighbourhood controls. The main risk factors associated with mortality were low socioeconomic status (including low levels of parental education) and--after adjustment for socioeconomic status--lack of breastfeeding, lack of supplementation with non-milk foods, crowding, the number of under-fives in the family, lack of a flush toilet, low birthweight, low weight-for-age and having a young mother. In a multivariate analysis, the variables found to be most closely associated with mortality were breastfeeding, education of the father, the number of under-fives, family income and birthweight. Having a low weight-for-age was also strongly associated with mortality but the retrospective nature of the study makes this finding difficult to interpret.
89 citations
TL;DR: Comparou-se as causas de obito constantes do atestado medico com as causeas obtidas atraves de uma revisao detalhada, realizada pela equipe da investigacao.
Abstract: A partir de dados coletados para um estudo de casos e controles sobre mortalidade infantil por doencas infecciosas e desnutricao realizado em Porto Alegre e Pelotas, RS (Brasil), comparou-se as causas de obito constantes do atestado medico com as causas obtidas atraves de uma revisao detalhada, realizada pela equipe da investigacao. Concluiu-se que as estatisticas oficiais nao sao fidedignas, tendo havido sobre-registro de broncopneumonias (CID 485X) e de septicemias (CID 038.9), e sub-registro de gastroenterites (CID 009.1) e de mortes subitas (CID 798.0). A concordância entre os atestados refeitos e os oficiais, em termos de grupos de causas de obito, foi de apenas 27.9%.
39 citations
01 Jan 1989
3 citations
TL;DR: Lower respiratory infections, which were the leading infectious cause of infant death according to official statistics, were superseded by diarrheal diseases after this revision.
Abstract: The validity of the official information on the causes of infant deaths was studied in the Brazilian cities of Porto Alegre and Pelotas in 1985. Using data collected for a population-based case-control study of infant mortality due to infectious diseases or malnutrition, a comparison was made between the causes of death reported on the death certificates and those obtained after a careful review of case-notes and a medical interview with the parents of the deceased infants. Official death certificates showed an excess of deaths attribute to bronchopneumonia (ICD 485X) and septicemia (ICD 038.9), and an underestimation of the number of deaths due to diarrheal diseases (ICD 009.1) and of sudden infant deaths (ICD 798.0). The overall rate of agreement between official and revised certificates, in terms of groups of causes of death, was only 27.9%. Lower respiratory infections, which were the leading infectious cause of infant deaths according to official statistics, were superseded by diarrheal diseases after this revision.