Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Pelotas published in 1993"

Determinantes da desnutrição infantil em uma população de baixa renda: um modelo de análise hierarquizado

Abstract: To investigate the determinants of malnutrition among low-income children, the effects of socioeconomic, environmental, reproductive, morbidity, child care, birthweight and breastfeeding variables on stunting and wasting were studied. All 354 children below two years of age living in two urban slum areas of Pelotas, southern Brazil, were included. The multivariate analyses took into account the hierarchical structure of the risk factors for each type of deficit. Variables selected as significant on a given level of the model were considered as risk factors, even if their statistical significance was subsequently lost when hierarchically inferior variables were included. The final model for stunting included the variables education and presence of the father, maternal education and employment, birthweight and age. For wasting, the variables selected were the number of household appliances, birth interval, housing conditions, borough, birthweight, age, gender and previous hospitalizations.

International differences in clinical patterns of diarrhoeal deaths: a comparison of children from Brazil Senegal Bangladesh and India.

Abstract: Population-based data on deaths due to diarrhoea among children less than 5 years of age were obtained from areas of Brazil (227 deaths), Senegal (531), Bangladesh (236) and India (146). Fatal episodes of diarrhoea were classified as either acute diarrhoea, dysentery, or persistent diarrhoea based on their duration and on the presence or absence of blood in the stools. Persistent diarrhoea accounted for over 60% of infant diarrhoeal deaths in Brazil, 47% in India, 36% in Senegal, and 26% in Bangladesh. In the latter two studies, over one-half of infant diarrhoeal deaths were due to acute watery episodes. Among children 1-4 years old dying from diarrhoea, persistent episodes were the most common in Senegal and India, whereas dysentery was the leading pattern in Bangladesh. These differences may be related to the use of oral rehydration therapy and the utilisation of health care, as well as to environmental characteristics, and are relevant for planning control strategies. Further data are required from other parts of the less developed world.

Epidemiologia do consumo de medicamentos em crianças de centro urbano da região sul do Brasil

Abstract: Foram investigados os padroes do consumo de medicamentos em uma coorte de 4.746 criancas de Pelotas, RS, Brasil e as influencias de variaveis socioeconomicas, biologicas e de utilizacao de servicos de saude. O delineamento foi transversal aninhado em estudo longitudinal e o periodo investigado foi 15 dias. O consumo global alcancou 56% das criancas, sendo mais de 50% em todas as classes sociais. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram acido acetil salicilico, vitaminas com sais minerais, associacoes antigripais, mebendazole e estimulantes do apetite. Mais de 60,0% dos medicamentos eram indicados por medicos (inclusive dipirona e estimulantes do apetite). Os principais motivos do consumo foram gripe, febre e falta de apetite. Ser primogenito foi fator de risco para o consumo. As criancas com pouco apetite na semana anterior consumiam duas vezes mais do que aquelas com bom apetite. E preocupante o alto consumo de aspirina, principalmente devido a associacao desse produto com a Sindrome de Reye em criancas. Outro ponto a ser questionado a respeito e a mensagem que talvez inadvertida ou inconscientemente possa estar sendo passada a essas criancas: o consumo de medicamentos e uma rotina e a resposta para qualquer problema. Nesse sentido, parece que se estara preparando o terreno para a dependencia de medicamentos e drogas ilicitas.

Congenital malformation of the scalp and cranium after failed first trimester abortion attempt with misoprostol.

Abstract: This study reports the occurrence of three cases of an unusual congenital malformation of the skull in neonates seen at a pediatric hospital during a five-month interval in Fortaleza, Brazil. The prenatal history focused on the mothers' exposure to drugs during pregnancy. It was found that all mothers had taken misoprostol orally and/or vaginally in the first trimester of pregnancy to induce abortion. Other drugs taken during pregnancy included iron, vitamins and tetanus toxoid. There was no evidence of a family history of malformations, consanguinity or clinical infective illnesses.

Determinantes do hábito de fumar e de seu abandono durante a gestação em localidade urbana na região sul do Brasil

Abstract: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com 873 gestantes que frequentaram o pre-natal em Pelotas (RS), em 1989-90, com o objetivo de investigar possiveis fatores de risco e fatores prognosticos para o tabagismo durante a gravidez. A prevalencia no inicio da gravidez foi de 40,8%. O habito de fumar da mae da gestante e do marido e a baixa escolaridade da mulher estiveram associados com o risco de fumar no inicio da gravidez. O tabagismo do marido esteve associado com um aumento de cerca de duas vezes nesse risco. A taxa de abandono ate a 15a-22a semana gestacional foi de 35,6%. A renda familiar, o habito de fumar da mae da gestante e do companheiro, a idade de inicio, duracao e intensidade do habito da mulher estiveram associados com a interrupcao durante a gravidez. Os resultados acima permaneceram apos ajuste para fatores de confusao, atraves de analise estratificada.

Estabilidade do rendimento de grão em aveia: efeito do uso de fungicidas

Abstract: Vinte genotipos de aveia ( Avena sativa L.) foram avaliados quanto a estabilidade de rendimento de graos e efeito da aplicacao de fungicida na interacao genotipo x ambiente, em quatro locais do sul do Brasil, durante os anos agricolas de 1986, 1987 e 1988. Foram adotados os parâmetros desenvolvidos por Eberhart & Russell (1966) ( , e Sd), com analise considerando tres modelos: com aplicacao de fungicida, sem aplicacao de fungicida, e modelo completo. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrencia de uma forte interacao genotipo x ambiente, porem sem nenhum genotipo que apresentasse estabilidade de rendimento de graos, principalmente em consequencia dos grandes desvios da regressao observados. A aplicacao de fungicida determinou um incremento na media do rendimento de graos, mas nao afetou a interacao genotipo x ambiente. Com base nos resultados, e possivel indicar as variedades UPF 7 e UFRGS 7 para cultivo no sul do Brasil, uma vez que apresentam alto rendimento de graos e insensibilidade a alteracoes de ambiente; por outro lado, UPF 6 e UFRGS 10 poderiam ser mais apropriadas para os agricultores, pois respondem satisfatoriamente a melhorias de ambiente.

Epidemiology of drug consumption in children of a urban center of the southern region of Brazil

Abstract: The consumption of medicines among a population-based cohort of 4,746 children born in 1982 in Pelotas, Brazil, was studied when the children were aged 3-4.5 years. Fifty six percent of the mothers reported that their children had taken one or more medicines during a two-week period; 29.5% of the products were fixed combinations of three or more components, (which was taken as an indicator of poor quality). Almost 10% of the children had used a given medicine for one month or more. Aspirin, combinations of vitamins and mineral supplements and cough and cold combinations were the medicines most frequently used. The commonest reasons for taking medicines were colds, fevers and lack of appetite. The latter was the commonest reason for long-term use and also for that of combinations. Physician's prescriptions were responsible for more than 60% of the medicines used (including dipyrone and appetite stimulants). In all social classes the consumption was above 50%. Children classified in the fifth quintile of family income consumed 14% more medicines than the those in the first quintile. Children with two or more older siblings consumed 12% less medicines than the elder ones. Malnourished children, according to weight for age, consumed 30% more medicines than the well-nourished. Children consulting a doctor four times or more during the three-month period before the interview were using two times more medicines than children who had had no consultation during the same period. The frequent use of aspirin is a reason for concern as it has been associated with Reye's syndrome in children. It is also important to stress the danger of poisoning resulting from medicines available at home. Another noteworthy aspect concerns the messages transmitted to the children regarding the use of medicines for almost every conceivable reason which could possibly lead to medicine or illicit drug addiction.

Determining factors of smoking habit and its cessation during pregnancy in a urban locality in the southern region of Brazil

Abstract: A cross-sectional study of 873 pregnant women attending a prenatal care clinic was undertaken in Pelotas (Southern Brazil), over a one-year period (1989-90) for the purpose of identifying possible risk and prognostic factors for smoking during pregnancy. The prevalence of smoking at the beginning of pregnancy was 40.8%. The smoking habits of the woman's mother and partner, as well as her educational level, were associated with smoking at the beginning of pregnancy. Smoking in the partner was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the risk of smoking. The smoking interruption rate, until the 15th-22nd gestational week, was of 35.6%. Family income, smoking habits of woman's mother and partner, age at starting, duration and intensity of the woman's habit were all associated with the interruption during pregnancy. The above results were not affected by adjustment for confounding variables made through stratified analysis.

Determining factors related to smoking and its abandonment during pregnancy in an urban locality in Southern Brazil

Abstract: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com 873 gestantes que frequentaram o pre-natal em Pelotas (RS), em 1989-90, com o objetivo de investigar possiveis fatores de risco e fatores prognosticos para o tabagismo durante a gravidez. A prevalencia no inicio da gravidez foi de 40,8%. O habito de fumar da mae da gestante e do marido e a baixa escolaridade da mulher estiveram associados com o risco de fumar no inicio da gravidez. O tabagismo do marido esteve associado com um aumento de cerca de duas vezes nesse risco. A taxa de abandono ate a 15a-22a semana gestacional foi de 35,6%. A renda familiar, o habito de fumar da mae da gestante e do companheiro, a idade de inicio, duracao e intensidade do habito da mulher estiveram associados com a interrupcao durante a gravidez. Os resultados acima permaneceram apos ajuste para fatores de confusao, atraves de analise estratificada.

Epidemiology of consumption of medicines by children of an urban population in the southern of Brazil

Abstract: Foram investigados os padroes do consumo de medicamentos em uma coorte de 4.746 criancas de Pelotas, RS, Brasil e as influencias de variaveis socioeconomicas, biologicas e de utilizacao de servicos de saude. O delineamento foi transversal aninhado em estudo longitudinal e o periodo investigado foi 15 dias. O consumo global alcancou 56% das criancas, sendo mais de 50% em todas as classes sociais. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram acido acetil salicilico, vitaminas com sais minerais, associacoes antigripais, mebendazole e estimulantes do apetite. Mais de 60,0% dos medicamentos eram indicados por medicos (inclusive dipirona e estimulantes do apetite). Os principais motivos do consumo foram gripe, febre e falta de apetite. Ser primogenito foi fator de risco para o consumo. As criancas com pouco apetite na semana anterior consumiam duas vezes mais do que aquelas com bom apetite. E preocupante o alto consumo de aspirina, principalmente devido a associacao desse produto com a Sindrome de Reye em criancas. Outro ponto a ser questionado a respeito e a mensagem que talvez inadvertida ou inconscientemente possa estar sendo passada a essas criancas: o consumo de medicamentos e uma rotina e a resposta para qualquer problema. Nesse sentido, parece que se estara preparando o terreno para a dependencia de medicamentos e drogas ilicitas.

Perfis protéicos de variedades parentais e híbridos de arroz e sua correlação com heterose

Abstract: Duas cultivares japonesas e cinco brasileiras de arroz ( Oryza sativa L.) foram analisadas quanto a caracteristicas morfologicas e proteicas, e os hibridos de seus cruzamentos foram avaliados tambem quanto a heterose e heterobeltiose. As caracteristicas proteicas em conjunto, como tambem as caracteristicas morfologicas, permitiram discriminar entre os materiais individuais. Os perfis proteicos determinados sob condicoes dissociantes e os perfis de atividade fosfatase acida (FAC), alem de numero de perfilhos produtivos, numero de graos por planta, producao de graos e dias ate 50% do florescimento (DPF), diferiram entre as cultivares japonesas e as brasileiras. O numero de perfilhos produtivos, o de graos por planta e DPF apresentaram correlacoes significativas com producao tanto para as cultivares como para os hibridos. Diferencas quantitativas na intensidade relativa da atividade de esterase entre os parentais e os hibridos, e, em menor extensao, diferencas qualitativas nos perfis de fosfatase acida, foram relacionadas a heterobeltiose para peso de graos. Todos os hibridos com heterobeltiose positiva para peso de graos envolviam o cruzamento da cultivar japonesa Senshou com uma cultivar brasileira. A proteina total nao-dissociada permitiu, diferenciar cada uma das quatorze amostras analisadas, mas a combinacao dos caracteres proteicos fornece base mais segura para a discriminacao.

[Measuring the impact of promoting breastfeeding in primary health care services in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

Abstract: All mothers with children enrolled in the Program for Child Growth and Development at primary care units belonging to the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. This research aimed to assess the impact of the "Groups of Expecting Mothers" in the promotion of breastfeeding. The family income of almost half of the 347 children studied was two times the minimum wage. About 1/4 of the children's mothers had spent less than four years in school, and these were the mothers who attended the Groups most frequently. Most of the mothers received prenatal care and nearly half of then participated in the Groups. In contrast, 1/3 of the children were weaned at the age of three months and almost 80% received tea in the early months of life. The results show that the Groups of Expecting Mothers suffer serious limitations in promoting breastfeeding and in postponing the introduction of foods other than breast milk in the children's diet. Data obtained in this study are intended to help strengthen action under current programs and to show that with minimum resources and a rather simple methodology it is possible to assess the quality of health services available to the population.

Estimativa da evaporação do tanque classe "A" no Brasil

Abstract: Foi testado o nomograma de Kohler et al (1959), desenvolvido nos Estados Unidos da America, para estimar a evaporacao do tanque classe "A" a partir da radiacao solar, ponto de orvalho e percurso do vento, medias diarias mensais, com dados de cinco estacoes meteorologicas localizadas nas principais regioes climaticas do Brasil Os resultados foram significativamente correlacionados com medidas do tanque classe "A" realizadas nessas localidades Conclui-se que o nomograma pode ser utilizado com bons resultados no Brasil