Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina published in 2006"
TL;DR: An updated review of the current understanding of metallohydrolase-catalyzed reactions is presented, focusing on four systems, purple acid phosphatases, Ser/Thr protein phosph atases, PPs, 3′-5′ exonucleases, and 5′-nucleotidases, which have contributed to major advancement of the understanding of the catalytic mechanisms that operate in such enzymes.
Abstract: With the aim of critically assessing the current models for metal ion assisted hydrolytic reaction mechanisms, an updated review of the current understanding of metallohydrolase-catalyzed reactions is presented. Focus is on four systems, purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PPs), 3′-5′ exonucleases, and 5′-nucleotidases (5′-NTs), which have contributed to major advancement of the understanding of the catalytic mechanisms that operate in such enzymes.
390 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new divisory line between pure star-forming (NSF) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) hosts was proposed, which is based on the stellar ionizing radiation predicted by population synthesis codes (essentially STARBURST99).
Abstract: This paper considers the techniques to distinguish normal star-forming (NSF) galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosts using optical spectra. The observational data base is a set of 20000 galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, for which we have determined the emission-line intensities after subtracting the stellar continuum obtained from spectral synthesis. Our analysis is based on photoionization models computed using the stellar ionizing radiation predicted by population synthesis codes (essentially STARBURST99) and, for the AGNs, a broken power-law spectrum. We explain why, among the four classical emission-line diagnostic diagrams, ([O III]/Hβ versus [O II]/Hβ, [O III]/Hβ versus [N II]/Hα (the BPT diagram), [O III]/Hβ versus [S II]/Hα and [O III]/Hβ versus [O I]/Hα), the BPT one works best. We show, however, that none of these diagrams is efficient in detecting AGNs in metal-poor galaxies, should such cases exist. We propose a new divisory line between 'pure' NSF galaxies and AGN hosts: y = (-30.787 + 1.1358x + 0.27297x 2 ) tanh (5.7409x) - 31.093, where y = log([O III]/Hβ), and x = log([N II]/Hα). According to our models, the divisory line drawn empirically by Kauffmann et al. includes among NSF galaxies objects that may have an AGN contribution to Hβ of up to 3 per cent. The Kewley et al. line allows for an AGN contribution of roughly 20 per cent. About 20 per cent of the galaxies in our entire sample that can be represented in the BTP diagram are found between our divisory line and the Kauffmann et al. line, meaning that the local Universe contains a fair proportion of galaxies with a very low-level nuclear activity, in agreement with the statistics from observations of nuclei of nearby galaxies. We also show that a classification into NSF and AGN galaxies using only [N II]/Hα is feasible and useful. Finally, we propose a new classification diagram, the DEW diagram, plotting D n (4000) versus max(EW[O II], EW[Ne III]). This diagram can be used with optical spectra for galaxies with redshifts up to z = 1.3, meaning an important progress over classifications proposed up to now. Since the DEW diagram requires only a small range in wavelength, it can also be used at even larger redshifts in suitable atmospheric windows. It also has the advantage of not requiring stellar synthesis analysis to subtract the stars and of allowing one to see all the galaxies in the same diagram, including passive galaxies.
335 citations
TL;DR: The main contribution of the note is to provide a method for designing an asymptotically stable linear time-invariant Hinfin filter for systems where the jumping parameter is not accessible.
Abstract: This note addresses the problem of Hinfin filtering for continuous-time linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters. The main contribution of the note is to provide a method for designing an asymptotically stable linear time-invariant Hinfin filter for systems where the jumping parameter is not accessible. The cases where the transition rate matrix of the Markov process is either exactly known, or unknown but belongs to a given polytope, are treated. The robust Hinfin filtering problem for systems with polytopic uncertain matrices is also considered and a filter design method based on a Lyapunov function that depends on the uncertain parameters is developed. The proposed filter designs are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities
279 citations
TL;DR: The initial use of calcium hydroxide paste was not necessary for apexification to occur, and has shown to be strongly related to the extrusion of MTA and formation of barriers beyond the limits of the root canal walls.
Abstract: Felippe WT, Felippe MCS, Rocha MJC. The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on the apexification and periapical healing of teeth with incomplete root formation. International Endodontic Journal, 39, 2-9, 2006. Aim To evaluate the influence of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on apexification and periapical heal- ing of teeth in dogs with incomplete root formation and previously contaminated canals and to verify the necessity of employing calcium hydroxide paste before using MTA. Methodology Twenty premolars from two 6-month old dogs were used. After access to the root canals and complete removal of the pulp, the canal systems remai- ned exposed to the oral environment for 2 weeks. Canal preparation was then carried out using Hedstrom files, under irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite, 1 mm short of the radiographic apex. After drying, the canals of two premolars in each dog were left empty (control group). The other eight teeth in each animal were divided into two experimental groups. The apical thirds of the canals of group 1 were filled with MTA. In the teeth of group 2, the canals were dressed with a calcium hydroxide-propylene glycol paste. After 1 week, the paste was removed and the apical third was filled with MTA. All teeth were restored with reinforced zinc oxide cement (IRM) and amalgam. The animals were killed 5 months later, and blocks of the teeth and surrounding tissues were submitted to histological processing. The sections were studied to evaluate seven parameters: formation of an apical calcified tissue barrier, level of barrier formation, inflammatory reaction, bone and root resorption, MTA extrusion, and microorganisms. Results of experimental groups were analysed by Wilcoxon's nonparametric tests and by the test of proportions. The critical value of statistical significance was 5%. Results Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in relation to the position of barrier formation and MTA extrusion. The barrier was formed in the interior of the canal in 69.2% of roots from MTA group only. In group 2, it was formed beyond the limits of the canal walls in 75% of the roots. MTA extrusion occurred mainly in roots from group 2. There was similarity between the groups for the other parameters. Conclusions Mineral trioxide aggregate used after root canal preparation favoured the occurrence of the apexification and periapical healing. The initial use of calcium hydroxide paste was not necessary for apex- ification to occur, and has shown to be strongly related to the extrusion of MTA and formation of barriers beyond the limits of the root canal walls.
240 citations
09 May 2006
222 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the bimodal distribution of the galaxy population commonly seen in the local universe was revisited in terms of spectral synthesis products, such as mean stellar ages and stellar masses.
Abstract: We revisit the bimodal distribution of the galaxy population commonly seen in the local universe. Here, we address the bimodality observed in galaxy properties in terms of spectral synthesis products, such as mean stellar ages and stellar masses, derived from the application of this powerful method to a volume-limited sample, with magnitude limit cut-off M(r ) =− 20.5, containing about 50 000 luminous galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 2 (DR2). In addition, galaxies are classified according to their emission-line properties in three distinct spectral classes: star-forming galaxies, with young stellar populations; passive galaxies, dominated by old stellar populations; and hosts of active nuclei, which comprise a mix of young and old stellar populations. We show that the extremes of the distribution of some galaxy properties, essentially galaxy colours, 4000 A break index and mean stellar ages, are associated to star-forming galaxies at one side, and passive galaxies at another. We find that the mean light-weighted stellar age of galaxies is directly responsible for the bimodality seen in the galaxy population. The stellar mass, in this view, has an additional role since most of the star-forming galaxies present in the local universe are low-mass galaxies. Our results also give support to the existence of a ‘downsizing’ in galaxy formation, where massive galaxies seen nowadays have stellar populations formed at early times.
219 citations
TL;DR: Among the wild fruits, baguacu presents a greater antioxidant activity than jambolao, and the descending order of antioxidant capacity was acerola> mango> strawberry> grapes> acai> guava> mulberry> graviola> passion fruit> cupuacU> pineapple.
Abstract: The tropical fruit juices are gaining ever greater space in the consumer market, and Brazil is one of the main producer countries in this market. There is a great diversity of products derived from fruits and new products for consumption are launched constantly, often without the necessary research into their active properties and beneficial activities to health. The objective of this work was to determine some properties of in natura wild tropical fruit and commercialized frozen fruit pulps. Considered as a method of great applicability, 2.2-difenyL-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) was used to determine the antioxidant activity; the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total polyphenol concentration and the pH difference was used for anthocyanins. The fruit pulps of greater market consumption in Southern Brazil under analysis were mulberry, grapes, acai, guava, strawberry, acerola, pineapple, mango, graviola, cupuacu and passion fruit, and the wild fruits were jambolao and baguacu. When represented in TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity), the global antioxidant activity of the frozen fruit pulps oscillated between minimal and maximal TEAC values of 0.5 and 53.2mmol g-1, or between 64.8 and 1198.9mg100 g-1 for VCEAC (vitamin C equivalent antioxidant activity) values. For the in natura fruit pulp extracts, TEAC oscillated between 13.3 and 111.2mmol g-1, and between 42.8 and 2533.1mg100g-1 for VCEAC. The descending order of antioxidant capacity was acerola> mango> strawberry> grapes> acai> guava> mulberry> graviola> passion fruit> cupuacu> pineapple. Among the wild fruits, baguacu presents a greater antioxidant activity than jambolao.
209 citations
TL;DR: Eighteen analogues of an active natural chalcone were synthesized using xanthoxyline and some derivatives, and these analogues were tested for selective activity against both promastigote and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis in vitro.
204 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the problemas encontrados na qualidade das pesquisas, que can be aplicados a diferentes estudias etnodirigidos, bem como a visao, nao raro simplista, desses estudes.
Abstract: As investigacoes etnofarmacologicas e etnobotânicas tem sido a principal abordagem reconhecida por cientistas em todo o mundo, como uma estrategia de selecao de plantas medicinais. As qualidades e fortalezas dessas abordagens ja foram suficientemente discutidas, restando poucas duvidas de seu potencial e impactos biologicos, economicos e sociais. Este artigo focaliza os estudos etnodirigidos (etnobotânicos e etnofarmacologicos) levantando os problemas encontrados na qualidade das pesquisas, que podem afetar a sua aplicacao na descoberta de novos farmacos de interesse medico e farmaceutico. Adicionalmente, apontamos alguns elementos que podem colaborar para a melhoria da qualidade das abordagens e publicacoes e que podem ser aplicados a diferentes estudos etnodirigidos. Nos tambem sugerimos que os investigadores reconsiderem algumas das abordagens dominantes, bem como a visao, nao raro simplista, desses estudos.
196 citations
TL;DR: These results suggest cannabinoid receptor agonists as potential drugs to treat anxiety disorders related to the retrieval of aversive memoriesrelated to the extinction of contextual fear memory.
Abstract: Rationale Previous studies demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of CB1 cannabinoid receptors decreases the extinction of conditioned fear and spatial memory in rodents. However, the effects of CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation in this response remain unclear. Objectives To evaluate the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) and the cannabinoid antagonist SR 147778 (SR) on the extinction of contextual fear memory in rats 24 h or 30 days after fear conditioning. Methods For fear conditioning, rats were placed in the conditioning chamber for 3 min and received a 1-s electric foot shock (1.5 mA). Retrieval testing consisted of a 3-min exposure to the conditioning chamber and extinction training consisted of successive 9-min exposures at 24-h intervals. Rats were also evaluated in the open field and water maze reversal task. Results The administration of SR (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and WIN (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) before extinction training disrupted and facilitated, respectively, the extinction of 24 h contextual fear memory. These effects were not related to any disturbance in memory retrieval, unconditioned freezing expression, or locomotor activity. WIN (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) also facilitated the extinction of 30-day-old contextual fear memory, while the prior administration of SR (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized this response. The facilitative effect of WIN on memory extinction does not seem to be specific for contextual fear memory because it was also observed in the water maze reversal task. Conclusions These results suggest cannabinoid receptor agonists as potential drugs to treat anxiety disorders related to the retrieval of aversive memories.
194 citations
TL;DR: Dental caries experience is prone to sociodemographic and geographic inequalities and the monitoring of contrasts in dental health outcomes is relevant for programming socially appropriate interventions aimed both at overall improvements and at the targeting of resources for groups of population presenting higher levels of needs.
Abstract: – Objective: To examine contextual and individual determinants of dental caries experience, documenting levels of the disease in Brazil.
Methods: The dental status of 34 550 12-year-old schoolchildren was informed by a country-wide survey of oral health comprising 250 towns and performed in 2002–2003. Indices assessing dental caries experience were compared by sociodemographic characteristics of examined children (gender, ethnic group, localization and type of school), and geographic characteristics of participating towns [the human development index (HDI), and access to fluoridated tap water]. A multilevel model fitted the adjustment of untreated caries to individual and contextual covariates.
Results: Better-off Brazilian regions presented an improved profile of dental health, besides having a less unequal distribution of restorative dental treatments between blacks and whites, rural and urban areas, and public and private schools. Girls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–1.1], blacks (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.5–1.7), and children studying in rural areas (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.7–2.0) and public schools (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.6–1.9) presented higher odds of having untreated decayed teeth. The multilevel model identified the fluoride status of tap water (β = −0.3), the proportion of households linked to the water network (β = −0.3), and the HDI (β = −0.2), as town-level variables associated with caries levels.
Conclusion: Dental caries experience is prone to sociodemographic and geographic inequalities. The monitoring of contrasts in dental health outcomes is relevant for programming socially appropriate interventions aimed both at overall improvements and at the targeting of resources for groups of population presenting higher levels of needs.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that using instant (10 s) irradiation values instead of average hourly irradiance values leads to considerable differences in optimum inverter sizing, and that with increased time resolution of solar irradiation data there are higher calculated losses due to inverter undersizing.
TL;DR: A specialized database, PenBase, which is freely available at , has been developed for the penaeidin family of antimicrobial peptides, to provide comprehensive information about their properties, diversity and nomenclature.
Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides play a major role in innate immunity. The penaeidins, initially characterized from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, are a family of antimicrobial peptides that appear to be expressed in all penaeid shrimps. As of recent, a large number of penaeid nucleotide sequences have been identified from a variety of penaeid shrimp species and these sequences currently reside in several databases under unique identifiers with no nomenclatural continuity. To facilitate research in this field and avoid potential confusion due to a diverse number of nomenclatural designations, we have made a systematic effort to collect, analyse, and classify all the penaeidin sequences available in every database. We have identified a common penaeidin signature and subsequently established a classification based on amino acid sequences. In order to clarify the naming process, we have introduced a 'penaeidin nomenclature' that can be applied to all extant and future penaeidins. A specialized database, PenBase, which is freely available at http://www.penbase.immunaqua.com, has been developed for the penaeidin family of antimicrobial peptides, to provide comprehensive information about their properties, diversity and nomenclature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TL;DR: In this paper, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin and other carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis was carried out, for several experimental conditions, using a semi-continuous apparatus.
Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin and other carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis was carried out, for several experimental conditions, using a semi-continuous apparatus. The microalga was previously freeze-dried and ground with a ball mill. The effects of pressure (200 and 300 bar), temperature (40 and 60 °C), degree of crushing, as well as the use of ethanol as a co-solvent (10%) on the extraction efficiency were assessed. Organic solvent extractions, using acetone, were also carried out in a vortex, on ground cells mixed with very small glass beads. Supercritical extraction from the completely crushed alga was compared with acetone and the highest recovery of carotenoids (92%) was obtained at the pressure of 300 bar and the temperature of 60 °C, using ethanol as a co-solvent. The extraction recovery increased with the pressure at 60 °C. On the other hand, the increase in temperature, at 300 bar, led to a slight improvement. The main carotenoid of Haematococcus pluvialis is the esterified astaxanthin (about 75%). Other carotenoids present are lutein, astaxanthin (free), β-carotene and canthaxanthin. All of them were recovered through supercritical fluid extraction with values higher than 90%, with the exception of canthaxanthin (about 85%), at a pressure of 300 bar and a temperature of 60 °C.
TL;DR: The velocity discretization is considered in the present paper, following an alternative approach and giving the minimal discrete velocity sets in accordance with the order of approximation that is required for the LBE with respect to the continuous Boltzmann equation and with the lattice structure.
Abstract: The velocity discretization is a critical step in deriving the lattice Boltzmann (LBE) from the continuous Boltzmann equation This problem is considered in the present paper, following an alternative approach and giving the minimal discrete velocity sets in accordance with the order of approximation that is required for the LBE with respect to the continuous Boltzmann equation and with the lattice structure Considering $N$ to be the order of the polynomial approximation to the Maxwell-Boltzmann equilibrium distribution, it is shown that solving the discretization problem is equivalent to finding the inner product in the discrete space induced by the inner product in the continuous space that preserves the norm and the orthogonality of the Hermite polynomial tensors in the Hilbert space generated by the functions that map the velocity space onto the real numbers space As a consequence, it is shown that, for each order $N$ of approximation, the even-parity velocity tensors are isotropic up to rank $2N$ in the discrete space The norm and the orthogonality restrictions lead to space-filling lattices with increased dimensionality when compared with presently known lattices This problem is discussed in relation with a discretization approach based on a finite set of orthogonal functions in the discrete space Two-dimensional square lattices intended to be used in thermal problems and their respective equilibrium distributions are presented and discussed
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different techniques on the electric properties (dielectric constant, dielectric losses, and complex electric modulus) of the corresponding emeraldine base has been studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the treatment of textile wastewater using new composites as adsorbents and/or heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton oxidation and explore the efficiency of the process as a function of the experimental parameters: pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration and iron oxides content.
TL;DR: There is a great treatment need reflecting neglect of TDI treatment among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Herval D'Oeste, Brazil, it can be concluded.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, aetiology, place of occurrence and rates of treatment of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Herval D'Oeste, Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out through clinical examination of upper and lower permanent incisors and interviews with 297, 12-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in public and private schools. Intra-examiner diagnosis variability, measured by kappa values on tooth-by-tooth basis was above 0.7. The prevalence of TDI was 17.3% (95% CI 12.7-21.9). Children who had an incisal overjet size >5 mm were 3.5 (95% CI 1.5-8.1) times more likely to have TDI than children who had an incisal overjet of <5 mm (P = 0.005). The most common type of injury found was enamel fracture alone. Of the total of 87 traumatized teeth, only 27.6% were treated. Acid etch restorations were the most common treatment provided. Acid etch restorations were the most common type of treatment needed. The majority of the cases of TDI occurred at home (17.8%) and at school (17.8%). Collisions (24.5%), mainly with doors, and physical leisure activities (20.0%) such as cycling and playing soccer were the main activities related to TDI aetiology. It can be concluded that there is a great treatment need reflecting neglect of TDI treatment. The main causes of TDI were collisions and physical leisure activities.
TL;DR: The diversity of identity of social subjects, the transverse nature of demands for citizen's rights, the forms of activism and empowerment through networking and, finally, the political participation of network organizations are explored in this article.
Abstract: The reality of social movement is quite dynamic, and theorizations do not always follow this dynamism. With globalization and the information age, the social movements in several countries, including Brazil and Latin America, are more diversified and complex. Therefore, many paradigmatic or hegemonic explanations from the last century are in need of revision or updating vis-a-vis the emergence of new social subjects or political scenarios. This study begins by elucidating organized civil society's new forms, aiming to register the multiple types of collective action in the new millennium. From this comprehension the study seeks to explore the diversity of identity of the social subjects, the transverse nature of demands for citizen's rights, the forms of activism and the empowerment through networking and, finally, the political participation of network organizations.
TL;DR: In this article, the integrability of the short pulse equation from a Hamiltonian point of view was proved and an alternative zero-curvature formulation was also given, where the recursion operator defined by the Hamiltonian operators is connected with the one obtained by Sakovich and Sakovich.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a study of the temperature reached during drilling of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, employing class K10 carbide drills with and without hard coating (TiAlN, CrCN or TiCN).
TL;DR: In this article, a revisao da literatura das cartas e declaracoes sobre a estrategia da promocao a saude a partir da Carta de Ottawa, em 1986, and busca um resgate historico das suas correntes e concepcoes a fim de trazer subsidios for compreende-la no momento atual.
Abstract: Este artigo aborda uma revisao da literatura das cartas e declaracoes sobre a estrategia da promocao a saude a partir da Carta de Ottawa, em 1986, e busca um resgate historico das suas correntes e concepcoes a fim de trazer subsidios para compreende-la no momento atual. Conclui-se que a Carta de Ottawa ainda permanece como peca central de direcionamento da estrategia de promocao a saude em todo o mundo. Ela tem orientado as demais conferencias, principalmente quando enfatiza a dimensao social e a importância de cinco estrategias fundamentais para se alcancar plena saude: politica publica, ambiente saudavel, reforco da acao comunitaria, criacao de habilidades pessoais e reorientacao do servico de saude.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new water availability indicator that takes into account the benefits of using rainwater and showed that water availability may increase when rainwater is taken into account.
01 Oct 2006
15 Mar 2006-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: The use of industrial waste materials as additives in the manufacture of ceramic products has been attracting a growing interest from researchers in recent years and is becoming common practice as discussed by the authors, where the authors describe the changes in the behavior of the clay material used in a red-clay industry due to additions of a granite and marble sludge, produced in an ornamental stone processing industry in Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil.
Abstract: The use of industrial waste materials as additives in the manufacture of ceramic products has been attracting a growing interest from researchers in recent years and is becoming common practice. This work describes the changes in the behavior of the clay material used in a red-clay industry due to additions of a granite and marble sludge, produced in an ornamental stone processing industry in Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil. Mixtures of clay and waste material (10–50 wt.%) were uniaxially pressed and sintered at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1150 °C. Results from chemical and mineralogical analysis (XRD and XRF), thermal analysis (DTA, TG and dilatometry), apparent density, water absorption and flexural strength, show that the granite and marble sludge can be added to the clay material with no detrimental effect on the properties of the sintered red-clay products. The reject acts as a flux agent, reducing the sintering temperature of the clay material.
TL;DR: The present findings highlight that cannabinoid agonists effects are selective for the hippocampus-dependent aversive memories in rats and confirms that cannabinoids might provide a novel approach for the treatment of unpleasant memories.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the potential for potable water savings estimated for the residential sector of 62 cities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. But they did not consider the potential of using rainwater for saving water.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemistry of quercetin hydro-alcoholic solutions of pH 2.2 to 9.2 was studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential electrolysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Abstract: The electrochemistry of quercetin hydro-alcoholic solutions of pH 2.2 to 9.2 was studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential electrolysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammograms for quercetin showed three oxidation peaks and one reduction peak depending on the experimental conditions. The two-electron two-proton oxidation process at the first peak led to the formation of the corresponding ortho-quinone, which is an electrochemically active and unstable species, as evidenced by the dependence of the cyclic voltammogram profile on the applied scan rate, in agreement with the EC mechanism. Controlled-potential electrolysis yielded three products as characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. A reaction scheme comprising electrochemical and chemical steps was proposed for the electro-oxidation of the quercetin in hydro-alcoholic solutions on basis of experimental evidences obtained in this work and elsewhere.
TL;DR: An epidemiologic investigation and the antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolated during outbreaks of the bat-transmitted disease that occurred in March and May 2004 in remote areas of Portel and Viseu municipalities, respectively, in Para State, Brazilian Amazon region are reported.
Abstract: We describe 2 bat-transmitted outbreaks in remote, rural areas of Portel and Viseu Municipalities, Para State, northern Brazil. Central nervous system specimens were taken after patients' deaths and underwent immunofluorescent assay and histopathologic examination for rabies antigens; also, specimens were injected intracerebrally into suckling mice in an attempt to isolate the virus. Strains obtained were antigenically and genetically characterized. Twenty-one persons died due to paralytic rabies in the 2 municipalities. Ten rabies virus strains were isolated from human specimens; 2 other cases were diagnosed by histopathologic examination. Isolates were antigenically characterized as Desmodus rotundus variant 3 (AgV3). DNA sequencing of 6 strains showed that they were genetically close to D. rotundus-related strains isolated in Brazil. The genetic results were similar to those obtained by using monoclonal antibodies and support the conclusion that the isolates studied belong to the same rabies cycle, the virus variants found in the vampire bat D. rotundus.
TL;DR: It was observed that embryonic cells of A. angustifolia accumulated more NO than the suspensor cells, suggesting that NO biosynthesis might be related to the maintenance of the polarity (embryonic–suspensor cells) present at the PEM II stage.