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Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Viçosa published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported that editing of six loci that are important for yield and productivity in present-day tomato crop lines enabled de novo domestication of wild Solanum pimpinellifolium, paving the way for molecular breeding programs to exploit the genetic diversity present in wild plants.
Abstract: Breeding of crops over millennia for yield and productivity has led to reduced genetic diversity. As a result, beneficial traits of wild species, such as disease resistance and stress tolerance, have been lost. We devised a CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering strategy to combine agronomically desirable traits with useful traits present in wild lines. We report that editing of six loci that are important for yield and productivity in present-day tomato crop lines enabled de novo domestication of wild Solanum pimpinellifolium. Engineered S. pimpinellifolium morphology was altered, together with the size, number and nutritional value of the fruits. Compared with the wild parent, our engineered lines have a threefold increase in fruit size and a tenfold increase in fruit number. Notably, fruit lycopene accumulation is improved by 500% compared with the widely cultivated S. lycopersicum. Our results pave the way for molecular breeding programs to exploit the genetic diversity present in wild plants.

478 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is native to the western Neotropics and has become a major threat to world tomato production.
Abstract: The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is native to the western Neotropics. After invading Spain in 2006, it spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to world tomato production. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have been developed, but widespread insecticide use has caused selection for insecticide resistance as well as undesirable effects on key beneficial arthropods. Augmentation and conservation biological control relying on omnivorous mirid predators has proved successful for management of T. absoluta, where implementation is dependent on abiotic, biotic (e.g., alternative prey), and anthropogenic factors (e.g., pesticides). Research has been carried out on larval parasitoids, showing potential for further development of sustainable control. The development of resistant tomato varieties is ongoing, but they are not commercially available yet. Knowledge gaps remain to be filled to optimize IPM packages on tomato crops and to help prevent furth...

357 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current knowledge on the epidemiology of FW of banana is summarized, highlighting knowledge gaps in pathogen survival and dispersal, factors driving disease intensity, soil and plant microbiome and the dynamics of the disease.
Abstract: Banana production is seriously threatened by Fusarium wilt (FW), a disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). In the mid-twentieth century FW, also known as "Panama disease", wiped out the Gros Michel banana industry in Central America. The devastation caused by Foc race 1 was mitigated by a shift to resistant Cavendish cultivars, which are currently the source of 99% of banana exports. However, a new strain of Foc, the tropical race 4 (TR4), attacks Cavendish clones and a diverse range of other banana varieties. Foc TR4 has been restricted to East and parts of Southeast Asia for more than 20 years, but since 2010 the disease has spread westward into five additional countries in Southeast and South Asia (Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, and Pakistan) and at the transcontinental level into the Middle East (Oman, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel) and Africa (Mozambique). The spread of Foc TR4 is of great concern due to the limited knowledge about key aspects of disease epidemiology and the lack of effective management models, including resistant varieties and soil management approaches. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of FW of banana, highlighting knowledge gaps in pathogen survival and dispersal, factors driving disease intensity, soil and plant microbiome and the dynamics of the disease. Comparisons with FW in other crops were also made to indicate possible differences and commonalities. Our current understanding of the role of main biotic and abiotic factors on disease intensity is reviewed, highlighting research needs and futures directions. Finally, a set of practices and their impact on disease intensity are discussed and proposed as an integrative management approach that could eventually be used by a range of users, including plant protection organizations, researchers, extension workers and growers.

254 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Advances in computational tools, high-throughput sequencing technologies and cultivation-independent “omics” approaches continue to revolutionize the understanding of the rumen microbiome, which will ultimately provide the knowledge framework needed to solve current and future ruminant livestock challenges.
Abstract: The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea and phages These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material that cannot be digested by humans, whilst providing metabolic energy to the host and, in the case of archaea, producing methane Consequently, ruminants produce meat and milk, which are rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and therefore contribute to food security As the world population is predicted to reach approximately 97 billion by 2050, an increase in ruminant production to satisfy global protein demand is necessary, despite limited land availability, and whilst ensuring environmental impact is minimized Although challenging, these goals can be met, but depend on our understanding of the rumen microbiome Attempts to manipulate the rumen microbiome to benefit global agricultural challenges have been ongoing for decades with limited success, mostly due to the lack of a detailed understanding of this microbiome and our limited ability to culture most of these microbes outside the rumen The potential to manipulate the rumen microbiome and meet global livestock challenges through animal breeding and introduction of dietary interventions during early life have recently emerged as promising new technologies Our inability to phenotype ruminants in a high-throughput manner has also hampered progress, although the recent increase in "omic" data may allow further development of mathematical models and rumen microbial gene biomarkers as proxies Advances in computational tools, high-throughput sequencing technologies and cultivation-independent "omics" approaches continue to revolutionize our understanding of the rumen microbiome This will ultimately provide the knowledge framework needed to solve current and future ruminant livestock challenges

210 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Given the great diversity of the viruses, their insect vectors, and the crops affected, IPM approaches need to be based on the biology and ecology of the virus and vector and the crop production system.
Abstract: Management of geminiviruses is a worldwide challenge because of the widespread distribution of economically important diseases caused by these viruses. Regardless of the type of agriculture, management is most effective with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that involves measures before, during, and after the growing season. This includes starting with resistant cultivars and virus- and vector-free transplants and propagative plants. For high value vegetables, protected culture (e.g., greenhouses and screenhouses) allows for effective management but is limited owing to high cost. Protection of young plants in open fields is provided by row covers, but other measures are typically required. Measures that are used for crops in open fields include roguing infected plants and insect vector management. Application of insecticide to manage vectors (whiteflies and leafhoppers) is the most widely used measure but can cause undesirable environmental and human health issues. For annual crops, these measures can be more effective when combined with host-free periods of two to three months. Finally, given the great diversity of the viruses, their insect vectors, and the crops affected, IPM approaches need to be based on the biology and ecology of the virus and vector and the crop production system. Here, we present the general measures that can be used in an IPM program for geminivirus diseases, specific case studies, and future challenges.

181 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is believed that high-fat diets and SFA consumption should be avoided, and MUFA and omega-3 PUFA intake should be encouraged in order to regulate gut microbiota and inflammation, promoting body weight/fat control.
Abstract: Dietary fat strongly affects human health by modulating gut microbiota composition and low-grade systemic inflammation. High-fat diets have been implicated in reduced gut microbiota richness, increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, and several changes at family, genus and species levels. Saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and conjugated linolenic fatty acids share important pathways of immune system activation/inhibition with gut microbes, modulating obesogenic and proinflammatory profiles. Mechanisms that link dietary fat, gut microbiota and obesity are mediated by increased intestinal permeability, systemic endotoxemia, and the activity of the endocannabinoid system. Although the probiotic therapy could be a complementary strategy to improve gut microbiota composition, it did not show permanent effects to treat fat-induced dysbiosis. Based upon evidence to date, we believe that high-fat diets and SFA consumption should be avoided, and MUFA and omega-3 PUFA intake should be encouraged in order to regulate gut microbiota and inflammation, promoting body weight/fat control.

162 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of Web of Science, Pubmed and SPORTDiscus databases was performed, providing valuable information on the complex relationship between technical, tactical and physiological interactions in SSGs and how the manipulation of these types of variables can improve the soccer training process.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to systematically review and organise the literature on soccer SSGs, in order to ascertain the most frequently researched topics, characterise the methodologies employ...

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that engineering organic acid metabolism could improve both qualitative and quantitative traits of crop fruits, as they accumulate on a broad range of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits.
Abstract: The pivotal role of phytohormones during fruit development and ripening is considered established knowledge in plant biology. Perhaps less well-known is the growing body of evidence suggesting that organic acids play a key function in plant development and, in particular, in fruit development, maturation and ripening. Here, we critically review the connection between organic acids and the development of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. By analyzing the metabolic content of different fruits during their ontogenetic trajectory, we noticed that the content of organic acids in the early stages of fruit development is directly related to the supply of substrates for respiratory processes. Although different organic acid species can be found during fruit development in general, it appears that citrate and malate play major roles in this process, as they accumulate on a broad range of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. We further highlight the functional significance of changes in organic acid profile in fruits due to either the manipulation of fruit-specific genes or the use of fruit-specific promoters. Despite the complexity behind the fluctuation in organic acid content during fruit development and ripening, we extend our understanding on the importance of organic acids on fruit metabolism and the need to further boost future research. We suggest that engineering organic acid metabolism could improve both qualitative and quantitative traits of crop fruits.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of antimicrobial peptides, from synthesis procedures to mechanisms of action, with an emphasis on nisin is presented, and a historical outlook and the current perspectives of their potential applications in food packaging systems are addressed.
Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides are protein fragments present in the innate immune systems of invertebrates and vertebrates as host defense molecules. Due to their unique properties, these compounds have several useful appliances in human health by potentially playing antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antitumor roles. The incorporation of antimicrobial peptides into polymer matrices as delivery systems has been studied recently with further interest towards the fields of medicine, pharmacy, personal care, and food packaging. The consumers' tendency to demand more natural products has paved the route for food industries to explore novel mechanisms as food preservation techniques. Antimicrobial peptide-containing active packaging materials emerge as a promising approach to retard food spoilage and increase food safety and shelf life. This text presents a comprehensive review of antimicrobial peptides, from synthesis procedures to mechanisms of action, with an emphasis on nisin. A historical outlook and the current perspectives of their potential applications in food packaging systems are also addressed.

138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Pedro W. Crous1, J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard2, Michael J. Wingfield1, Angus J. Carnegie, Margarita Hernández-Restrepo, Lorenzo Lombard, Jolanda Roux1, Robert W. Barreto3, Iuri Goulart Baseia4, J. F. Cano-Lira5, María P. Martín6, O.V. Morozova7, Alberto M. Stchigel5, Brett A. Summerell8, Tor Erik Brandrud, Bálint Dima9, Dania García5, Alejandra Giraldo10, Josep Guarro5, Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão11, P. Khamsuntorn2, Machiel E. Noordeloos12, S. Nuankaew2, U. Pinruan2, E. Rodríguez-Andrade5, Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta13, R. Thangavel14, A. van Iperen, V.P. Abreu3, Thiago Accioly4, Janaina L. Alves3, J.P. Andrade11, Mohammad Bahram15, Mohammad Bahram16, Hans-Otto Baral, Eder Barbier13, C. W. Barnes, Egil Bendiksen, Enrico Bernard13, Jadson D. P. Bezerra13, José Jailson Lima Bezerra13, Enrico Bizio16, Jaime E. Blair17, T. M. Bulyonkova7, T.S. Cabral4, M.V. Caiafa18, T. Cantillo11, A.A. Colmán3, L.B. Conceição11, S. Cruz18, A.O.B. Cunha13, Blaise A. Darveaux, A.L. da Silva3, G. A. da Silva13, G.M. da Silva4, R. M. da Silva13, R.J.V. de Oliveira13, R.L. Oliveira4, J. T. De Souza, Margarita Dueñas6, Harry C. Evans19, Filomena Epifani, M.T.C. Felipe13, Javier Fernández-López6, B.W. Ferreira3, C.N. Figueiredo, Nina V. Filippova, J.A. Flores20, Josepa Gené5, G. Ghorbani21, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni13, A. M. Glushakova22, Rosanne A. Healy18, Sabine M. Huhndorf, I. Iturrieta-González5, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah21, R.F. Juciano13, Željko Jurjević, Aleksey V. Kachalkin22, K. Keochanpheng, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber23, Y.-C. Li24, AA Lima4, A. R. Machado13, Hugo Madrid25, Oliane Maria Correia Magalhães13, P.A.S. Marbach, Gislaine Cristina de Souza Melanda13, Andrew N. Miller26, Suchada Mongkolsamrit2, R.P. Nascimento, Thays Gabrielle Lins de Oliveira13, M.E. Ordoñez20, R. Orzes, M.A. Palma27, Cedric J. Pearce, Olinto Liparini Pereira3, Giancarlo Perrone, Stephen W. Peterson28, T.H.G. Pham, E. Piontelli27, Adel Pordel21, Luis Quijada29, Huzefa A. Raja30, E. Rosas de Paz5, Leif Ryvarden31, Alessandro Saitta32, S. S. Salcedo3, Marcelo Sandoval-Denis10, Tiago Santos11, Keith A. Seifert33, Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva34, Matthew E. Smith18, Adriene Mayra Soares13, S. Sommai2, Julieth O. Sousa4, Satinee Suetrong2, Antonia Susca, Leho Tedersoo15, M.T. Telleria6, D. Thanakitpipattana2, N. Valenzuela-Lopez35, N. Valenzuela-Lopez5, Cobus M. Visagie, M. Zapata, Johannes Z. Groenewald 
TL;DR: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola, Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces anglensis on unknown host plants.
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola, Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia, Dothiora corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptus sp., Fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. Fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus socialis, Harknessia corymbiicola on Corymbia maculata, Neocelosporium eucalypti (incl. Neocelosporium gen. nov., Neocelosporiaceae fam. nov. and Neocelosporiales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus cyanophylla, Neophaeomoniella corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neophaeomoniella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus pilularis, Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiicola on Corymbia citriodora, Teratosphaeria gracilis on Eucalyptus gracilis, Zasmidium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Brazil, Calonectria hemileiae on pustules of Hemileia vastatrix formed on leaves of Coffea arabica, Calvatia caatinguensis on soil, Cercospora solani-betacei on Solanum betaceum, Clathrus natalensis on soil, Diaporthe poincianellae on Poincianella pyramidalis, Geastrum piquiriunense on soil, Geosmithia carolliae on wing of Carollia perspicillata, Henningsia resupinata on wood, Penicillium guaibinense from soil, Periconia caespitosa from leaf litter, Pseudocercospora styracina on Styrax sp., Simplicillium filiforme as endophyte from Citrullus lanatus, Thozetella pindobacuensis on leaf litter, Xenosonderhenia coussapoae on Coussapoa floccosa. Canary Islands (Spain), Orbilia amarilla on Euphorbia canariensis. Cape Verde Islands, Xylodon jacobaeus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Chile, Colletotrichum arboricola on Fuchsia magellanica. Costa Rica, Lasiosphaeria miniovina on tree branch. Ecuador, Ganoderma chocoense on tree trunk. France, Neofitzroyomyces nerii (incl. Neofitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Nerium oleander. Ghana, Castanediella tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Falcocladium africanum on Eucalyptus brassiana, Rachicladosporium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Hungary, Entoloma silvae-frondosae in Carpinus betulus-Pinus sylvestris mixed forest. Iran, Pseudopyricularia persiana on Cyperus sp. Italy, Inocybe roseascens on soil in mixed forest. Laos, Ophiocordyceps houaynhangensis on Coleoptera larva. Malaysia, Monilochaetes melastomae on Melastoma sp. Mexico, Absidia terrestris from soil. Netherlands, Acaulium pannemaniae, Conioscypha boutwelliae, Fusicolla septimanifiniscientiae, Gibellulopsis simonii, Lasionectria hilhorstii, Lectera nordwiniana, Leptodiscella rintelii, Parasarocladium debruynii and Sarocladium dejongiae (incl. Sarocladiaceae fam. nov.) from soil. New Zealand, Gnomoniopsis rosae on Rosa sp. and Neodevriesia metrosideri on Metrosideros sp. Puerto Rico, Neodevriesia coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera, Neodevriesia tabebuiae and Alfaria tabebuiae on Tabebuia chrysantha. Russia, Amanita paludosa on bogged soil in mixed deciduous forest, Entoloma tiliae in forest of Tilia × europaea, Kwoniella endophytica on Pyrus communis. South Africa, Coniella diospyri on Diospyros mespiliformis, Neomelanconiella combreti (incl. Neomelanconiellaceae fam. nov. and Neomelanconiella gen. nov.) on Combretum sp., Polyphialoseptoria natalensis on unidentified plant host, Pseudorobillarda bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus, Thelonectria pelargonii on Pelargonium sp. Spain, Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum and Anungitopsis lauri on Laurus novocanariensis, Geosmithia xerotolerans from a darkened wall of a house, Pseudopenidiella gallaica on leaf litter. Thailand, Corynespora thailandica on wood, Lareunionomyces loeiensis on leaf litter, Neocochlearomyces chromolaenae (incl. Neocochlearomyces gen. nov.) on Chromolaena odorata, Neomyrmecridium septatum (incl. Neomyrmecridium gen. nov.), Pararamichloridium caricicola on Carex sp., Xenodactylaria thailandica (incl. Xenodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Xenodactylaria gen. nov.), Neomyrmecridium asiaticum and Cymostachys thailandica from unidentified vine. USA, Carolinigaster bonitoi (incl. Carolinigaster gen. nov.) from soil, Penicillium fortuitum from house dust, Phaeotheca shathenatiana (incl. Phaeothecaceae fam. nov.) from twig and cone litter, Pythium wohlseniorum from stream water, Superstratomyces tardicrescens from human eye, Talaromyces iowaense from office air. Vietnam, Fistulinella olivaceoalba on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.

137 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Pedro W. Crous, Michael J. Wingfield1, Treena I. Burgess2, G.E.St.J. Hardy2, Josepa Gené, Josep Guarro, Iuri Goulart Baseia3, Dania García, Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão4, Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta5, R. Thangavel6, Slavomír Adamčík7, A. Barili8, C. W. Barnes, Jadson D. P. Bezerra5, Juan-Julián Bordallo9, José F. Cano-Lira, R.J.V. de Oliveira5, Enrico Ercole10, Vit Hubka11, I. Iturrieta-González, Alena Kubátová11, María P. Martín12, Pierre-Arthur Moreau13, Asunción Morte9, M.E. Ordoñez8, A. Rodríguez9, Alberto M. Stchigel, Alfredo Vizzini10, Jafar Abdollahzadeh14, V.P. Abreu15, Katarína Adamčíková7, G.M.R. Albuquerque5, A. V. Alexandrova16, E. Alvarez Duarte17, C. Armstrong-Cho18, S. Banniza18, Renan do Nascimento Barbosa5, Jean-Michel Bellanger19, José Jailson Lima Bezerra5, T.S. Cabral3, M. Cabon7, E. Caicedo8, T. Cantillo4, Angus J. Carnegie, L.T. Carmo4, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz, Charles R. Clement20, Adéla Čmoková, L.B. Conceição4, Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira da Cruz3, Ulrike Damm21, B.D.B. da Silva22, G. A. da Silva5, R. M. da Silva5, A. L. C. M. de A. Santiago5, L.F. De Oliveira23, C.A.F. De Souza5, Franck Déniel, Bálint Dima24, G. Dong25, Jacqueline Edwards26, Ciro R. Félix27, Jacques Fournier, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni5, Kentaro Hosaka, Teresa Iturriaga28, M. Jadan, Jean-Luc Jany, Z. Jurjevic, Miroslav Kolarik11, I. Kusan, Melissa Fontes Landell27, T.R. Leite Cordeiro5, Diogo Xavier Lima5, Michael Loizides, S. Luo25, A. R. Machado5, Hugo Madrid29, Oliane Maria Correia Magalhães5, Paulo Marinho3, Neven Matočec, Armin Mešić, Andrew N. Miller30, O.V. Morozova31, R.P. Neves5, K. Nonaka32, Alena Nováková, Nicholas H. Oberlies33, José Ribamar C. Oliveira-Filho5, Thays Gabrielle Lins de Oliveira5, Viktor Papp34, Olinto Liparini Pereira15, Giancarlo Perrone, Stephen W. Peterson35, T.H.G. Pham, Huzefa A. Raja33, Daniel B. Raudabaugh28, J. Rehulka36, E. Rodríguez-Andrade, M. Saba37, A. Schauflerova, Roger G. Shivas38, G. Simonini, João Paulo Zen Siqueira, Julieth O. Sousa3, V. Stajsic39, T. Svetasheva40, T. Svetasheva31, Yu Pei Tan, Zdenko Tkalčec, S. Ullah41, Patricia Valente42, Nicomedes Valenzuela-Lopez43, Masoud Abrinbana44, D.A. Viana Marques23, P. T. W. Wong25, V. Xavier de Lima5, Johannes Z. Groenewald 
TL;DR: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalyPTi on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid.
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoe banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoe elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoe leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand, Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A framework for machine learning and data mining is outlined and a glimpse into how they can be applied to solve pressing problems in animal sciences is offered.
Abstract: Precision animal agriculture is poised to rise to prominence in the livestock enterprise in the domains of management, production, welfare, sustainability, health surveillance, and environmental footprint. Considerable progress has been made in the use of tools to routinely monitor and collect information from animals and farms in a less laborious manner than before. These efforts have enabled the animal sciences to embark on information technology-driven discoveries to improve animal agriculture. However, the growing amount and complexity of data generated by fully automated, high-throughput data recording or phenotyping platforms, including digital images, sensor and sound data, unmanned systems, and information obtained from real-time noninvasive computer vision, pose challenges to the successful implementation of precision animal agriculture. The emerging fields of machine learning and data mining are expected to be instrumental in helping meet the daunting challenges facing global agriculture. Yet, their impact and potential in "big data" analysis have not been adequately appreciated in the animal science community, where this recognition has remained only fragmentary. To address such knowledge gaps, this article outlines a framework for machine learning and data mining and offers a glimpse into how they can be applied to solve pressing problems in animal sciences.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, sustainable waste management solutions for the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, based on a life cycle approach, were investigated, including mixed waste collection and source separated collection as well as materials recovery and energy from waste.
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate sustainable waste management solutions for the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, based on a life cycle approach. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed by using the LCA-IWM methodology. The model was adapted to the Brazilian solid waste context and to the local characteristics, including waste composition, electricity mix and regulations. The annual amount of waste generated was the functional unit adopted. Eight municipal solid waste management strategies were evaluated. Scenarios including mixed waste collection and source separated collection as well as materials recovery and energy from waste were investigated. Scenarios were ranked based on the LCA results. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying the electricity mix. The results indicate that the current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Rio de Janeiro presents the worst performance in terms of aggregated environmental burdens, indicating the urgency for implement new strategies toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable MSW management system. It is noted that the better LCA performances were obtained in scenarios with high separately collection rates. Among them, the scenario based on recyclables recovery and anaerobic digestion shows to be a promising strategy to improve environmental sustainability. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the ranking of scenarios was not affected by changes in the electricity mix. From the results, the investment in source separated waste collection and materials recovery is the most environmentally friendly MSW strategy for Rio de Janeiro. In addition, scenarios with an emphasis in materials recovery presented higher environmental benefits than the alternatives focused on energy generation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is shown suggesting that warming may be less harmful to coffee suitability than previously estimated, at least under the conditions of an adequate water supply, and several mitigation strategies to improve crop performance in a changing world are discussed.
Abstract: Coffee is one of the most important global crops and provides a livelihood to millions of people living in developing countries. Coffee species have been described as being highly sensitive to climate change, as largely deduced from modeling studies based on predictions of rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. Here, we discuss the physiological responses of the coffee tree in the context of present and ongoing climate changes, including drought, heat, and light stresses, and interactions between these factors. We also summarize recent insights on the physiological and agronomic performance of coffee at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and highlight the key role of CO2 in mitigating the harmful effects of heat stress. Evidence is shown suggesting that warming, per se, may be less harmful to coffee suitability than previously estimated, at least under the conditions of an adequate water supply. Finally, we discuss several mitigation strategies to improve crop performance in a changing w...

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate spatially explicit economic values for a range of ecosystem services provided by the Brazilian Amazon forest, including food production (Brazil nut), raw material provision (rubber and timber), greenhouse gas mitigation (CO2 emissions) and climate regulation (rent losses to soybean, beef and hydroelectricity production due to reduced rainfall).
Abstract: The Brazilian Amazon forest is tremendously important for its ecosystem services but attribution of economically measurable values remains scarce. Mapping these values is essential for designing conservation strategies that suitably combine regional forest protection with sustainable forest use. We estimate spatially explicit economic values for a range of ecosystem services provided by the Brazilian Amazon forest, including food production (Brazil nut), raw material provision (rubber and timber), greenhouse gas mitigation (CO2 emissions) and climate regulation (rent losses to soybean, beef and hydroelectricity production due to reduced rainfall). Our work also includes the mapping of biodiversity resources and of rent losses to timber production by fire-induced degradation. Highest values range from US$56.72 ± 10 ha−1 yr−1 to US$737 ± 134 ha−1 yr−1 but are restricted to only 12% of the remaining forest. Our results, presented on a web platform, identify regions where high ecosystem services values cluster together as potential information to support decision-making. This study spatially maps the economic value of some major ecosystem services provided by the Brazilian Amazon. It also estimates changes in these values under scenarios of degradation and low-impact logging.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A divergent alphas satellite associated with coconut foliar decay disease is assigned to a species but not a subfamily as it likely represents a new alphasatellite subfamily that could be established once other closely related molecules are discovered.
Abstract: Nanoviruses and geminiviruses are circular, single stranded DNA viruses that infect many plant species around the world. Nanoviruses and certain geminiviruses that belong to the Begomovirus and Mastrevirus genera are associated with additional circular, single stranded DNA molecules (~ 1-1.4 kb) that encode a replication-associated protein (Rep). These Rep-encoding satellite molecules are commonly referred to as alphasatellites and here we communicate the establishment of the family Alphasatellitidae to which these have been assigned. Within the Alphasatellitidae family two subfamilies, Geminialphasatellitinae and Nanoalphasatellitinae, have been established to respectively accommodate the geminivirus- and nanovirus-associated alphasatellites. Whereas the pairwise nucleotide sequence identity distribution of all the known geminialphasatellites (n = 628) displayed a troughs at ~ 70% and 88% pairwise identity, that of the known nanoalphasatellites (n = 54) had a troughs at ~ 67% and ~ 80% pairwise identity. We use these pairwise identity values as thresholds together with phylogenetic analyses to establish four genera and 43 species of geminialphasatellites and seven genera and 19 species of nanoalphasatellites. Furthermore, a divergent alphasatellite associated with coconut foliar decay disease is assigned to a species but not a subfamily as it likely represents a new alphasatellite subfamily that could be established once other closely related molecules are discovered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study showed how avoidable waste can be reduced simply by making students aware of the topic of food waste, by raising awareness of the daily food waste problem at the institution's canteen and by suggesting "how-to" actions for reducing such waste.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that chitosan effectively prolongs the quality attributes in guava fruits after harvesting due to increases in the antioxidant processes, delaying the ripening during room temperature of storage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review presents relevant topics on the influence of light in various plant tissue culture-based techniques, as directed by the light used in the culture shelves.
Abstract: The primary issues regarding the lack of protocol reproducibility among laboratories are environmental factors. Light (quantity and particularly quality), is one of those main factors, and studies seldom present the spectral quality of the light sources used. With the advent of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, impressive progress has been made in environmental controls and morphogenetic responses, as directed by the light used in the culture shelves. A wide array of LED lights with different spectra are currently available and light is important in large-scale propagation, especially liquid bioreactor systems. LED technology continues to evolve rapidly and has created additional possibilities. This laboratory has dedicated extensive efforts to implement photoautotrophic propagation, and light is a key component of the system. This review presents relevant topics on the influence of light in various plant tissue culture-based techniques.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the sustainability of incorporating pulp and paper waste sludge into concrete-based mortars was analyzed, and the results showed that for use in wall and ceiling mortar coatings, the level of incorporation should not exceed 10%, because higher levels yield lower values of mechanical strength resistance, incompatible with market requirements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Smart textile shows good performance in the monitoring of thoraco‐abdominal pattern and its variation, as well and good agreement between the 2 systems on both respiratory period and tidal volume values is demonstrated.
Abstract: The use of wearable systems for monitoring vital parameters has gained wide popularity in several medical fields. The focus of the present study is the experimental assessment of a smart textile based on 12 fiber Bragg grating sensors for breathing monitoring and thoraco-abdominal motion pattern analysis. The feasibility of the smart textile for monitoring several temporal respiratory parameters (ie, breath-by-breath respiratory period, breathing frequency, duration of inspiratory and expiratory phases), volume variations of the whole chest wall and of its compartments is performed on 8 healthy male volunteers. Values gathered by the textile are compared to the data obtained by a motion analysis system, used as the reference instrument. Good agreement between the 2 systems on both respiratory period (bias of 0.01 seconds), breathing frequency (bias of -0.02 breaths/min) and tidal volume (bias of 0.09 L) values is demonstrated. Smart textile shows good performance in the monitoring of thoraco-abdominal pattern and its variation, as well.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the underlying environmental drivers of transitions among tropical dry forests, moist forests and savannas, and demonstrate how incorporating tropical dry forest into our understanding of tropical biome transitions is critical to understanding the future of tropical vegetation under global environmental change.
Abstract: Tropical moist forests and savannas are iconic biomes. There is, however, a third principal biome in the lowland tropics that is less well known: tropical dry forest. Discussions on responses of vegetation in the tropics to climate and land-use change often focus on shifts between forests and savannas, but ignore dry forests. Tropical dry forests are distinct from moist forests in their seasonal drought stress and consequent deciduousness and differ from savannas in rarely experiencing fire. These factors lead tropical dry forests to have unique ecosystem function. Here, we discuss the underlying environmental drivers of transitions among tropical dry forests, moist forests and savannas, and demonstrate how incorporating tropical dry forests into our understanding of tropical biome transitions is critical to understanding the future of tropical vegetation under global environmental change.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a dataset of 1,165 tree species inventories spread across the Cerrado Domain, which come from six vegetation types that have a substantial arboreal component: woody savannas, dystrophic cerradão, mesotrophic cerrado, seasonally dry tropical forests, semideciduous forests, and evergreen forests.
Abstract: 3. We used a dataset of 1,165 tree species inventories spread across the Cerrado Domain, which 22 come from six vegetation types that have a substantial arboreal component: woody savannas, 23 dystrophic cerradão, mesotrophic cerradão, seasonally dry tropical forests, semideciduous 24 forests and evergreen forests. We found three extremes in terms of tree species composition, 25 with clear underlying ecological drivers, which leads us to propose a ternary model, the 26 ‘Cerrado Vegetation Triangle’, to characterize woody vegetation in the Cerrado. At one 27 extreme, we found that semideciduous and evergreen forests are indistinguishable floristically 28 and are found in areas with high water availability. At another extreme lie seasonally dry 29 tropical forests which are found on more fertile soils. At the third extreme, we found that all 30 types of savanna, and dystrophic cerradão, are highly similar in tree species composition and 31 are commonly found in areas of poor soils and high flammability. Mesotrophic cerradão is 32 transitional in tree species composition between savannas and seasonally dry tropical forest. 33

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review brings together past and current knowledge about the history, etiology, epidemiology, physiology, and genetics of wheat blast and discusses the future need for integrated management strategies.
Abstract: The devastating wheat blast disease first emerged in Brazil in 1985. The disease was restricted to South America until 2016, when a series of grain imports from Brazil led to a wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh. Wheat blast is caused by Pyricularia graminis-tritici ( Pygt), a species genetically distinct from the Pyricularia oryzae species that causes rice blast. Pygt has high genetic and phenotypic diversity and a broad host range that enables it to move back and forth between wheat and other grass hosts. Recombination is thought to occur mainly on the other grass hosts, giving rise to the highly diverse Pygt population observed in wheat fields. This review brings together past and current knowledge about the history, etiology, epidemiology, physiology, and genetics of wheat blast and discusses the future need for integrated management strategies. The most urgent current need is to strengthen quarantine and biosafety regulations to avoid additional spread of the pathogen to disease-free countries. International breeding efforts will be needed to develop wheat varieties with more durable resistance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cinnamon and clove essential oil, and their terpenoid constituents were toxic and repellent to adult S. granarius and, therefore, have the potential to prevent or retard the development of insecticide resistance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed review on the topics involving the mathematical modeling and design of the main structures and strategies for damping in a grid-connected three-phase PV system based on LCL filter is presented.
Abstract: Distributed generation systems have been expanded considerably in recent years. These systems are generally based on power electronics converters, whose switching harmonics need to be reduced by means of passive filters. LCL filter is a solution that has been strongly employed. However, LCL filter presents a resonant frequency that needs to be damped. This work presents a detailed review on the topics involving the mathematical modeling and design of the main structures and strategies for damping in a grid-connected three-phase PV system based on LCL filter. Four techniques are analyzed: Series passive damping (SPD), capacitor current feedback based strategy (CCF), capacitor voltage feedback based strategy (CVF) and notch filter based method (NF). This study analyzes low frequency models, control design and operation in weak grid conditions. Finally, transfer functions of the harmonic rejection capability of each damping strategy are illustrated. This work finishes with a case study of a 10 kW inverter, which evaluates all issues previously approached.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results replaced that jackfruit starch can be used to develop films, with low opacity, moderate WVP and relatively high mechanical stability, by using glycerol in the gelatinized starch dispersions.
Abstract: Biodegradable films based on starches from different botanical sources exhibited physicochemical and functional properties which were related with the starch characteristics. However, had inadequate mechanical properties and were hard and brittle. In this research, jackfruit seed starch plasticized with glycerol were developed and characterized. The starch and glycerol concentrations ranged from 2 to 6% w/w and 20 to 60 g/100 g starch, respectively. Bioplastics were obtained by the casting method and characterized in terms of color, mechanical properties, solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), morphology and free energy of the hydrophobic interaction. Electronic micrographics showed the presence of some intact starch granules. The bioplastics were hydrophilic and those of 6% starch and 40% glycerol were the most hydrophilic ( $$ \Delta G_{sas}^{tot} $$ = 41.35 mJ m−1). The solubility of the films presented a direct relationship with the starch concentration ranging from 16.42 to 23.26%. Increased opacity and color difference were observed with increasing starch concentration. The WVP ranged from 1.374 × 10−3 to 3.07 × 10−4 g m/day m2 which was positively related with the concentration of starch and glycerol. Tensile strength, percent elongation and Young’s Modulus indicated that the jackfruit starch and glycerol provided a film with good mechanical properties. The results replaced that jackfruit starch can be used to develop films, with low opacity, moderate WVP and relatively high mechanical stability, by using glycerol in the gelatinized starch dispersions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, insights into the relevant features about service placement in F2C scenarios are provided, highlighting main challenges in current systems towards the deployment of the next-generation IoT services.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The monocomponent adsorption of Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ onto STA adsorbent in a fixed-bed column was investigated and optimized using a 22 central composite design, showing that STA is a promising candidate for real applications on a large scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Trimellitated-sugarcane bagasse (STA) was used as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for removal of the basic dyes auramine-O (AO) and safranin-T (ST) from aqueous solutions at pH 4.5 and 7.0, indicating that both dyes interacted with STA by physisorption.
Abstract: Trimellitated-sugarcane bagasse (STA) was used as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for removal of the basic dyes auramine-O (AO) and safranin-T (ST) from aqueous solutions at pH 4.5 and 7.0. Dye adsorption was evaluated as a function of STA dosage, agitation speed, solution pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration. Pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd models were used to model adsorption kinetics. Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Hill-de Boer, and Fowler-Guggenheim models were used to model adsorption isotherms, while a Scatchard plot was used to evaluate the existence of different adsorption sites. Maximum adsorption capacities for removal of AO and ST were 1.005 and 0.638 mmol g−1 at pH 4.5, and 1.734 and 1.230 mmol g−1 at pH 7.0, respectively. Adsorption enthalpy changes obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) ranged from −21.07 ± 0.25 to −7.19 ± 0.05 kJ mol−1, indicating that both dyes interacted with STA by physisorption. Dye desorption efficiencies ranged from 41 to 51%, and re-adsorption efficiencies ranged from 66 to 87%, showing that STA can be reused in new adsorption cycles. ITC data combined with isotherm studies allowed clarification of adsorption interactions.