Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Viçosa published in 2019"
Wageningen University and Research Centre1, University of Puerto Rico2, National Autonomous University of Mexico3, Colby College4, National Institute of Amazonian Research5, University of São Paulo6, Federal University of Pernambuco7, University of Alberta8, Paul Sabatier University9, University of Connecticut10, University of Colorado Boulder11, International Institute of Minnesota12, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute13, Tulane University14, University of Stirling15, Clemson University16, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad17, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais18, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza19, Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute20, The Catholic University of America21, Colorado Mesa University22, State University of New York at Purchase23, University of Haifa24, University of Wisconsin-Madison25, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul26, Universidade Federal de Viçosa27, Costa Rica Institute of Technology28, University of Minnesota29, University of California, Santa Barbara30, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia31, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi32, University of California, Berkeley33, Columbia University34, New York Botanical Garden35, National University of Singapore36, Yale-NUS College37, Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture38, University of Amsterdam39, Louisiana State University40, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras41
TL;DR: This work assesses how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics.
Abstract: Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
273 citations
Washington University in St. Louis1, Technical University of Madrid2, Beijing Institute of Genomics3, Georgia State University4, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases5, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation6, Columbia University7, University of Texas Medical Branch8, Friedrich Loeffler Institute9, National Institutes of Health10, Instituto Biológico11, Albert Einstein College of Medicine12, Erasmus University Rotterdam13, University of Queensland14, University of Marburg15, Humboldt University of Berlin16, Robert Koch Institute17, International Atomic Energy Agency18, University of Pittsburgh19, University of Warwick20, World Health Organization21, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária22, Boston University23, Public Health England24, Kyoto University25, Murdoch University26, Huazhong Agricultural University27, University of São Paulo28, Laval University29, Okayama University30, United States Geological Survey31, United States Department of Agriculture32, Northwestern University33, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai34, Institut de recherche pour le développement35, Ohio State University36, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven37, South Dakota State University38, Novosibirsk State University39, University of Medicine and Health Sciences40, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna41, University of Bergen42, Texas A&M University43, Queen's University Belfast44, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention45, University of Sydney46, University of Oxford47, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory48, Queensland University of Technology49, Colorado State University50, Hokkaido University51, Pasteur Institute52, National University of Singapore53, North Carolina State University54, Universidade Federal de Viçosa55, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention56, Fudan University57
TL;DR: The updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales is presented as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Abstract: In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
238 citations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1, United States Department of Agriculture2, University of Naples Federico II3, University of Ljubljana4, Mississippi State University5, University of Texas Medical Branch6, Friedrich Loeffler Institute7, Colorado State University8, Columbia University9, University of California, Irvine10, University of the Free State11, Xinjiang University12, Aix-Marseille University13, International Rice Research Institute14, Scripps Research Institute15, Public Health Agency of Canada16, Mayo Clinic17, Hacettepe University18, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases19, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention20, Kansas State University21, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine22, Paris Diderot University23, University of Queensland24, University of Helsinki25, University of Zurich26, Public Health England27, Seoul National University28, Charité29, Slovak Academy of Sciences30, Karolinska Institutet31, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven32, University of Washington33, Wuhan University of Science and Technology34, University of Louisville35, University of São Paulo36, University of Bari37, Hokkaido University38, University of Hamburg39, Public Health Agency of Sweden40, Washington State University41, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki42, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation43, University of Brasília44, National University of La Plata45, Pasteur Institute46, University of Maryland, Baltimore47, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization48, University of Glasgow49, University of Tokyo50, University of Oxford51, Korea University52, National Research Council53, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University54, North Carolina State University55, Universidade Federal de Viçosa56, Fudan University57, National Institutes of Health58
TL;DR: The updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is presented.
Abstract: In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
237 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that rapid detoxification of potentially detrimental amino acids such as Lys is a priority during the initial stress recovery period and support a tight relationship between amino acid metabolism and stress responses.
Abstract: Plant responses to abiotic stress include various modifications in amino acid metabolism. By using a hydroponic culture system, we systematically investigate modification in amino acid profiles and the proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves during initial recovery from low water potential or high salinity. Both treatments elicited oxidative stress leading to a biphasic stress response during recovery. Degradation of highly abundant proteins such as subunits of photosystems and ribosomes contributed to an accumulation of free amino acids. Catabolic pathways for several low abundant amino acids were induced indicating their usage as an alternative respiratory substrate to compensate for the decreased photosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that rapid detoxification of potentially detrimental amino acids such as Lys is a priority during the initial stress recovery period. The content of Pro, which acts as a compatible osmolyte during stress, was adjusted by balancing its synthesis and catabolism both of which were induced both during and after stress treatments. The production of amino acid derived secondary metabolites was up-regulated specifically during the recovery period, and our dataset also indicates increased synthesis rates of the precursor amino acids. Overall, our results support a tight relationship between amino acid metabolism and stress responses.
215 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied a methodological framework to optimize the prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for the entire Brazilian territory and determine how the environmental heterogeneity of Brazil influences the SOC stocks distribution.
195 citations
University of Sydney1, University of Giessen2, University of Guelph3, University of Copenhagen4, University of Pretoria5, University of Calgary6, University of Thessaly7, Universidade Federal de Viçosa8, Friedrich Loeffler Institute9, GLA University10, Seoul National University11, National Autonomous University of Mexico12, University of Ljubljana13, University of Wisconsin-Madison14, Bangladesh Agricultural University15, Université de Montréal16, Atlantic Veterinary College17, Austral University of Chile18, University of Antioquia19, Central University of Ecuador20, ANSES21, University of Iceland22, Shiraz University23, Ministero della Salute24, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization25, Massey University26, University of Ibadan27, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn28, National Veterinary Institute29, Scotland's Rural College30, United States Department of Agriculture31, University of Minnesota32, University of Zambia33, Institut national de la recherche agronomique34, Central University of Venezuela35
TL;DR: An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
Abstract: Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models for the estimation of daily ETo across the entirety of Brazil using measured data on temperature and relative humidity or only temperature.
171 citations
University of Mauritius1, Chiang Mai University2, King Saud University3, Sultan Qaboos University4, Botanic Garden Meise5, World Agroforestry Centre6, Kunming Institute of Botany7, Shenzhen University8, Mae Fah Luang University9, Federal University of Pernambuco10, Federal University of Uberlandia11, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University12, University of Calcutta13, Pondicherry University14, University of Cape Coast15, Kunming University of Science and Technology16, Universidad Mayor17, Chonnam National University18, Botanical Survey of India19, University of Calicut20, Chinese Academy of Sciences21, Spanish National Research Council22, Seoul National University23, Universidade Federal de Viçosa24, Agharkar Research Institute25, Guizhou University26, Dali University27, University of Kelaniya28, Thammasat University29
TL;DR: The present study describes 12 new genera, 74 new species, three new combinations, two reference specimens, a re-circumscription of the epitype, and 15 records of sexual-asexual morph connections, new hosts and new geographical distributions.
Abstract: This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes, where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla, nine classes, 31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera, 74 new species, three new combinations, two reference specimens, a re-circumscription of the epitype, and 15 records of sexual-asexual morph connections, new hosts and new geographical distributions. Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora, Brunneomurispora, Liua, Lonicericola, Neoeutypella, Paratrimmatostroma, Parazalerion, Proliferophorum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis, Septomelanconiella, Velebitea and Vicosamyces. Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius, A. langensis, Aleurodiscus patagonicus, Amanita flavoalba, A. subtropicana, Amphisphaeria mangrovei, Baorangia major, Bartalinia kunmingensis, Brunneofusispora sinensis, Brunneomurispora lonicerae, Capronia camelliae-yunnanensis, Clavulina thindii, Coniochaeta simbalensis, Conlarium thailandense, Coprinus trigonosporus, Liua muriformis, Cyphellophora filicis, Cytospora ulmicola, Dacrymyces invisibilis, Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis, Distoseptispora thysanolaenae, Emericellopsis koreana, Galiicola baoshanensis, Hygrocybe lucida, Hypoxylon teeravasati, Hyweljonesia indica, Keissleriella caraganae, Lactarius olivaceopallidus, Lactifluus midnapurensis, Lembosia brigadeirensis, Leptosphaeria urticae, Lonicericola hyaloseptispora, Lophiotrema mucilaginosis, Marasmiellus bicoloripes, Marasmius indojasminodorus, Micropeltis phetchaburiensis, Mucor orantomantidis, Murilentithecium lonicerae, Neobambusicola brunnea, Neoeutypella baoshanensis, Neoroussoella heveae, Neosetophoma lonicerae, Ophiobolus malleolus, Parabambusicola thysanolaenae, Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis, Parazalerion indica, Penicillium dokdoense, Peroneutypa mangrovei, Phaeosphaeria cycadis, Phanerochaete australosanguinea, Plectosphaerella kunmingensis, Plenodomus artemisiae, P. lijiangensis, Proliferophorum thailandicum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana, Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus, Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae, Robillarda mangiferae, Roussoella elaeicola, Russula choptae, R. uttarakhandia, Septomelanconiella thailandica, Spencermartinsia acericola, Sphaerellopsis isthmospora, Thozetella lithocarpi, Trechispora echinospora, Tremellochaete atlantica, Trichoderma koreanum, T. pinicola, T. rugulosum, Velebitea chrysotexta, Vicosamyces venturisporus, Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica. Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata, Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola. The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated. The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto- and histochemical analyses. The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time. In addition, the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes, A. melleialba, Amarenomyces dactylidis, Chaetosphaeria panamensis, Coniella vitis, Coprinopsis kubickae, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum var. calidus, Muyocopron lithocarpi, Neoroussoella solani, Periconia cortaderiae, Phragmocamarosporium hederae, Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.
171 citations
TL;DR: The implementation of integrated control programmes and appropriate resistance management strategies as part of such programs is of utmost importance to keep tomato pinworm infestations under economic damage thresholds, thus guaranteeing sustainable yields.
Abstract: The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an invasive pest difficult to control. Insecticide application is quite common and remains the prevalent control method particularly in open-field cultivation systems. As a result, insecticide resistance to many chemical classes of insecticides has been described both in South America and in Europe. The development of insecticide resistance is relatively fast in this species, and the main mechanisms involved are altered target-site sensitivity and/or enhanced detoxification, depending on the chemical class. However, insecticide resistance mechanisms do not differ between South America and Europe and are mainly due to simple genotype variations leading to high levels of resistance. The presence of resistance alleles at low frequency, especially against newer chemistry, is of major concern, as they tend to spread with the invasions making tomato pinworm particularly difficult to control. The monitoring methods and management programmes developed for the species benefited from the pro-activity of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee and its country groups, particularly in Brazil and Spain. Bioassay methods were developed, resistance monitoring activities initiated and resistance management guidance was provided. The implementation of integrated control programmes and appropriate resistance management strategies as part of such programs is of utmost importance to keep tomato pinworm infestations under economic damage thresholds, thus guaranteeing sustainable yields.
138 citations
University of Mauritius1, Goa University2, Sultan Qaboos University3, University of L'Aquila4, Chonnam National University5, Utrecht University6, Technical University of Denmark7, Free University of Berlin8, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul9, Universidade Federal de Sergipe10, Shenzhen University11, Mae Fah Luang University12, Chiang Mai University13, Kunming Institute of Botany14, Thammasat University15, Dali University16, Universidade Federal de Viçosa17, University of Paris18, Federal University of Pernambuco19, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi20, Royal Botanic Gardens21, Beijing Forestry University22, Qingdao Agricultural University23, Agharkar Research Institute24, World Agroforestry Centre25, Guizhou University26, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic27, Chinese Academy of Sciences28, Botanic Garden Meise29, University of Lisbon30, National Chiayi University31, King Saud University32, Arizona State University33, Charles Darwin Foundation34, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad35, Flinders University36, Hebei University37, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan38, University of Kassel39, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China40
TL;DR: The present study describes one new family (Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, Paramassaria and Trochilispora), 71 new species and twelve new combinations.
Abstract: This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes, where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla, ten classes, 30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include one new family (viz. Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, Paramassaria and Trochilispora) and 71 new species, (viz. Acrogenospora thailandica, Amniculicola aquatica, A. guttulata, Angustimassarina sylvatica, Blackwellomyces lateris, Boubovia gelatinosa, Buellia viridula, Caatingomyces brasiliensis, Calophoma humuli, Camarosporidiella mori, Canalisporium dehongense, Cantharellus brunneopallidus, C. griseotinctus, Castanediella meliponae, Coprinopsis psammophila, Cordyceps succavus, Cortinarius minusculus, C. subscotoides, Diaporthe italiana, D. rumicicola, Diatrypella delonicis, Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis, D. taiwanense, Digitodesmium chiangmaiense, Distoseptispora dehongensis, D. palmarum, Dothiorella styphnolobii, Ellisembia aurea, Falciformispora aquatic, Fomitiporia carpinea, F. lagerstroemiae, Grammothele aurantiaca, G. micropora, Hermatomyces bauhiniae, Jahnula queenslandica, Kamalomyces mangrovei, Lecidella yunnanensis, Micarea squamulosa, Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae, Neoacladium indicum, Neodidymelliopsis sambuci, Neosetophoma miscanthi, N. salicis, Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae, N. thalictri, Paramassaria samaneae, Penicillium circulare, P. geumsanense, P. mali-pumilae, P. psychrotrophicum, P. wandoense, Phaeoisaria siamensis, Phaeopoacea asparagicola, Phaeosphaeria penniseti, Plectocarpon galapagoense, Porina sorediata, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis, Rhizophydium koreanum, Russula prasina, Sporoschisma chiangraiense, Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae, S. cocksii, S. papei, S. tschirnhausii, S. vikhrevii, Thysanorea uniseptata, Torula breviconidiophora, T. polyseptata, Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae). Further, twelve new combinations (viz. Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema, Prolixandromyces australi, P. elongatus, P. falcatus, P. longispinae, P. microveliae, P. neoalardi, P. polhemorum, P. protuberans, P. pseudoveliae, P. tenuistipitis and P. umbonatus), an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae, a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated. Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported (i.e. Acrostalagmus annulatus, Cantharellus goossensiae, Coprinopsis villosa, Dothiorella plurivora, Dothiorella rhamni, Dothiorella symphoricarposicola, Dictyocheirospora rotunda, Fasciatispora arengae, Grammothele brasiliensis, Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, Lembosia xyliae, Morenoina palmicola, Murispora cicognanii, Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii, Neolinocarpon rachidis, Nothophoma quercina, Peroneutypa scoparia, Pestalotiopsis aggestorum, Pilidium concavum, Plagiostoma salicellum, Protofenestella ulmi, Sarocladium kiliense, Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).
131 citations
Pedro W. Crous1, Angus J. Carnegie, Michael J. Wingfield1, Rohit Sharma2 +169 more•Institutions (55)
TL;DR: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalyPTi, TeratosphaeriaDunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on EUCalypti leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca e
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl. Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. bark canker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Wageningen University and Research Centre1, Federal University of Pernambuco2, University of Florida3, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza4, National Autonomous University of Mexico5, Colby College6, National Institute of Amazonian Research7, Thomas Jefferson University8, University of São Paulo9, Paul Sabatier University10, University of Connecticut11, University of the Sunshine Coast12, State University of Campinas13, University of Göttingen14, Tulane University15, University of Stirling16, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute17, Clemson University18, University of Arizona19, University of Alberta20, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais21, Colorado Mesa University22, University of Haifa23, College of the Atlantic24, University of Wisconsin-Madison25, Universidade Federal de Viçosa26, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul27, Aarhus University28, Uppsala University29, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia30, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología31, University of British Columbia32, University of Maryland, College Park33, New York Botanical Garden34, Columbia University35, National University of Singapore36, Yale-NUS College37, Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture38, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi39, Louisiana State University40, University of Puerto Rico41, Macquarie University42
TL;DR: Forest recovery is analyzed using 1,403 plots that differ in age since agricultural abandonment from 50 sites across the Neotropics to analyse changes in community composition using species-specific stem wood density (WD), which is a key trait for plant growth, survival and forest carbon storage.
Abstract: Tropical forests are converted at an alarming rate for agricultural use and pastureland, but also regrow naturally through secondary succession. For successful forest restoration, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of secondary succession. These mechanisms may vary across forest types, but analyses across broad spatial scales are lacking. Here, we analyse forest recovery using 1,403 plots that differ in age since agricultural abandonment from 50 sites across the Neotropics. We analyse changes in community composition using species-specific stem wood density (WD), which is a key trait for plant growth, survival and forest carbon storage. In wet forest, succession proceeds from low towards high community WD (acquisitive towards conservative trait values), in line with standard successional theory. However, in dry forest, succession proceeds from high towards low community WD (conservative towards acquisitive trait values), probably because high WD reflects drought tolerance in harsh early successional environments. Dry season intensity drives WD recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in convergence of the community WD over time as vegetation cover builds up. These ecological insights can be used to improve species selection for reforestation. Reforestation species selected to establish a first protective canopy layer should, among other criteria, ideally have a similar WD to the early successional communities that dominate under the prevailing macroclimatic conditions.
TL;DR: The TyG index was positively associated with a higher prevalence of symptomatic CAD, with metabolic and behavioral risk factors, and could be used as a marker for atherosclerosis.
Abstract: The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a tool for insulin resistance evaluation, however, little is known about its association with coronary artery disease (CAD), which is the major cardiovascular death cause, and what factors may be associated with TyG index. To evaluate the association between the TyG index and the prevalence of CAD phases, as well as cardiovascular risk factors. The baseline data of patients in secondary care in cardiology from Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial (BALANCE Program Trial) were analyzed. Anthropometric, clinical, socio-demographic and food consumption data were collected by trained professionals. The TyG index was calculated by the formula: Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)/2) and regression models were used to evaluate the associations. We evaluated 2330 patients, which the majority was male (58.1%) and elderly (62.1%). The prevalence of symptomatic CAD was 1.16 times higher in patients classified in the last tertile of the TyG index (9.9 ± 0.5) compared to those in the first tertile (8.3 ± 0.3). Cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with TyG index, with the highlight for higher carbohydrate and lower lipid consumption in relation to recommendations that reduced the chance of being in the last TyG index tertile. The TyG index was positively associated with a higher prevalence of symptomatic CAD, with metabolic and behavioral risk factors, and could be used as a marker for atherosclerosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01620398. Registered 15 June, 2012
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1, United States Department of Agriculture2, University of Ljubljana3, Mississippi State University4, University of Texas Medical Branch5, Friedrich Loeffler Institute6, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention7, Colorado State University8, Columbia University9, University of California, Irvine10, National Health Laboratory Service11, University of the Free State12, Aix-Marseille University13, International Rice Research Institute14, Scripps Research Institute15, University of California, San Francisco16, Public Health Agency of Canada17, Mayo Clinic18, Hacettepe University19, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases20, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention21, Kansas State University22, Fudan University23, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine24, Paris Diderot University25, University of Queensland26, Public Health England27, Indian Agricultural Research Institute28, Seoul National University29, Slovak Academy of Sciences30, Karolinska Institutet31, Wageningen University and Research Centre32, University of Washington33, University of Louisville34, University of Bari35, University of Hamburg36, Washington State University37, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki38, University of Helsinki39, University of Brasília40, National University of La Plata41, Pasteur Institute42, University of Maryland, Baltimore43, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization44, University of Glasgow45, University of Tokyo46, University of Oxford47, Korea University48, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University49, North Carolina State University50, National Chung Hsing University51, Universidade Federal de Viçosa52, National Institutes of Health53
TL;DR: The updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales is presented as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Abstract: In October 2018, the order Bunyavirales was amended by inclusion of the family Arenaviridae, abolishment of three families, creation of three new families, 19 new genera, and 14 new species, and renaming of three genera and 22 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
University of Bristol1, University of Queensland2, University of Alabama at Birmingham3, National Science Foundation4, Radboud University Nijmegen5, Utrecht University6, Moscow State University7, Leiden University Medical Center8, Hungarian Academy of Sciences9, Agricultural Research Service10, Humboldt University of Berlin11, Institute for Animal Health12, University of Guelph13, Pasteur Institute14, National Institutes of Health15, Harvard University16, Mississippi State University17, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada18, University of Oxford19, Arizona State University20, Universidade Federal de Viçosa21, University of Glasgow22
TL;DR: The ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of additional taxonomical ranks above those recognized previously, to encompass the entire spectrum of virus diversity.
Abstract: This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in October 2018. Of note, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of additional taxonomical ranks above those recognized previously. A total of 15 ranks (realm, subrealm, kingdom, subkingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, and species) are now available to encompass the entire spectrum of virus diversity. Classification at ranks above genus is not obligatory but can be used by the authors of new taxonomic proposals when scientific justification is provided.
Rodolpho Credo Rodrigues1, Érica Hasui2, Julia Camara Assis3, João Carlos Pena3 +177 more•Institutions (37)
TL;DR: The ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives.
Abstract: Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820-2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities.
TL;DR: Mining 12 million Twitter messages, this paper reconstructs a network in which users interchange opinions related to the impeachment of the former Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and defines a continuous political leaning parameter, independent of the network’s structure, that allows to quantify the presence of echo chambers in the strongly connected component of thenetwork.
Abstract: Echo chambers in online social networks, in which users prefer to interact only with ideologically-aligned peers, are believed to facilitate misinformation spreading and contribute to radicalize political discourse. In this paper, we gauge the effects of echo chambers in information spreading phenomena over political communication networks. Mining 12 million Twitter messages, we reconstruct a network in which users interchange opinions related to the impeachment of the former Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. We define a continuous political leaning parameter, independent of the network’s structure, that allows to quantify the presence of echo chambers in the strongly connected component of the network. These are reflected in two well-separated communities of similar sizes with opposite views of the impeachment process. By means of simple spreading models, we show that the capability of users in propagating the content they produce, measured by the associated spreading capacity, strongly depends on their attitude. Users expressing pro-impeachment leanings are capable to transmit information, on average, to a larger audience than users expressing anti-impeachment leanings. Furthermore, the users’ spreading capacity is correlated to the diversity, in terms of political position, of the audience reached. Our method can be exploited to identify the presence of echo chambers and their effects across different contexts and shed light upon the mechanisms allowing to break echo chambers.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide new data of crop yields obtained under free-air CO2 enrichment conditions, and discuss predictions on the future of the coffee crop as based on rising temperature and emphasize the role of CO2 as a key player for mitigating harmful effects of supra-optimal temperatures on coffee physiology and bean quality.
Abstract: Coffee, one of the most heavily globally traded agricultural commodities, has been categorized as a highly sensitive plant species to progressive climatic change. Here, we summarize recent insights on the coffee plant’s physiological performance at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2]. We specifically (i) provide new data of crop yields obtained under free-air CO2 enrichment conditions, (ii) discuss predictions on the future of the coffee crop as based on rising temperature and (iii) emphasize the role of [CO2] as a key player for mitigating harmful effects of supra-optimal temperatures on coffee physiology and bean quality. We conclude that the effects of global warming on the climatic suitability of coffee may be lower than previously assumed. We highlight perspectives and priorities for further research to improve our understanding on how the coffee plant will respond to present and progressive climate change.
TL;DR: It is proposed that activating the capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway in a more amenable species such as tomato could be the next step in the fascinating story of pungent crops.
University of Pretoria1, Stellenbosch University2, University of the Free State3, University of Alcalá4, Biotec5, Ministry for Primary Industries6, Moscow State University7, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte8, University of Montpellier9, University of Santiago de Compostela10, Russian Academy of Sciences11, Spanish National Research Council12, Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania13, Temple University14, Florida Museum of Natural History15, Slovak Academy of Sciences16, University of Aveiro17, State University of Feira de Santana18, Valparaiso University19, Federal University of Bahia20, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz21, University of Salamanca22, Universidade Federal de Viçosa23, CABI24, National University of Jujuy25, Chinese Academy of Sciences26, University of Santiago, Chile27, Ghent University28, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales29, National University of Cordoba30, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia31, Federal University of Paraná32, Paul Sabatier University33, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation34, Life Sciences Institute35, University of the Punjab36, University of Swat37, University of Southern Queensland38, Charles University in Prague39, University of Georgia40, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign41, Lille University of Science and Technology42, University of Murcia43, California State University, Fresno44, Hungarian Academy of Sciences45, King Juan Carlos University46, Federal University of Pernambuco47, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada48, University of Florida49, Natural Resources Canada50, University of Chile51, Uppsala University52
TL;DR: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge.
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense fromanunidentifiedmarinesponge. Argentina , Geastrum wrightii onhumusinmixedforest. Australia , Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.)on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles , Lactifluus guanensis onsoil. Canada , Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna fromcarbonatiteinKarstcave. Colombia , Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa Rica, Psathyrella pivae onwood. Cyprus , Clavulina iris oncalcareoussubstrate. France , Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis onsoil. French West Indies , Helminthosphaeria hispidissima ondeadwood. Guatemala , Talaromyces guatemalensis insoil. Malaysia , Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotra- cylla gen. nov.)and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan , Russula quercus-floribundae onforestfloor. Portugal , Trichoderma aestuarinum from salinewater. Russia , Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduouswoodorsoil. South Africa , Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.)onleavesof Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme , Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.)onleaflitterof Eugenia capensis , Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi , Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.)onleavesof Nephrolepis exaltata , Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa , Harzia metro sideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopota- myces gen. nov.)onleavesof Phragmites australis , Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea , Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla , Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata , Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai , Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.)onleafspots of
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences1, Manchester Metropolitan University2, Universidade de Passo Fundo3, Allegheny College4, University of Latvia5, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar6, University of Verona7, University of Belgrade8, University of Bologna9, University of Health and Allied Sciences10, Telecom Business School11, University of Beira Interior12, University of Bristol13, Universiti Malaysia Sabah14, Sunway University15, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná16, Thaksin University17, Universidade Federal de Viçosa18, Universiti Sains Malaysia19, University of Waterloo20, University of Chester21, University of Brescia22
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on a qualitative study deploying a Matrix, which allows an analysis and reporting of regional sustainable development initiatives of a set of 22 universities in industrialised and developing countries.
TL;DR: Several aspects of sheltering natural enemies are reviewed, including the ecological mechanisms that promote conservation biological control, potential negative interactions, and directions for creating shelters, in addition to indicating challenges and recommendations for future work.
TL;DR: The authors combine functional genomics, phylogenetics, and metabolic modeling to describe how diatoms might have functionally integrated nitrogen metabolism during evolution and how metabolic flux is regulated across cellular compartments.
Abstract: Diatoms outcompete other phytoplankton for nitrate, yet little is known about the mechanisms underpinning this ability. Genomes and genome-enabled studies have shown that diatoms possess unique features of nitrogen metabolism however, the implications for nutrient utilization and growth are poorly understood. Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, fluxomics, and flux balance analysis to examine short-term shifts in nitrogen utilization in the model pennate diatom in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we obtained a systems-level understanding of assimilation and intracellular distribution of nitrogen. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are energetically integrated at the critical intersection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in diatoms. Pathways involved in this integration are organelle-localized GS-GOGAT cycles, aspartate and alanine systems for amino moiety exchange, and a split-organelle arginine biosynthesis pathway that clarifies the role of the diatom urea cycle. This unique configuration allows diatoms to efficiently adjust to changing nitrogen status, conferring an ecological advantage over other phytoplankton taxa.
University of São Paulo1, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria2, Federal University of Pernambuco3, Universidade Estadual de Maringá4, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina5, Amazon.com6, University of Brasília7, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária8, Universidade Federal de Viçosa9, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte10, IAC11, Federal Rural University of Amazonia12, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso13, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro14, University of Florida15, Sao Paulo State University16, Universidade Federal de Sergipe17, Federal Fluminense University18, Federal University of Piauí19, Federal University of Amazonas20, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco21, Universidade Federal de Rondônia22
TL;DR: The Brazilian Soil Spectral Library (BSSL) as mentioned in this paper was developed in a joint partnership with the Brazilian pedometrics community to standardize and evaluate spectra within the 350-2500nm range of Brazilian soils.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that continuous ingestion of dsRNA with EDTA or liposome-encapsulated-dsRNA can prevent ds RNA from being degraded enzymatically and suggest great potential for using these formulations in dsRNAs delivery to use RNAi as a functional genomics tool or for pest management of stink bugs.
Abstract: Background The Neotropical stink bug Euschistus heros is a major pest in soybean fields. Development of highly species-specific pesticides based on RNA interference (RNAi) could provide a new sustainable and environmentally friendly control strategy. Results Here, the potential of RNAi as a pest control tool against E. heros was assessed. First, target gene selection using a microinjection approach was performed. Seven of the 15 candidate genes tested exhibited > 95% mortality after hemolymph injection of 27.5 ng dsRNA. Subsequently, dsRNA was administered orally using different formulations: naked dsRNA, liposome-encapsulated-dsRNA and dsRNA formulated with EDTA. Liposome-encapsulated dsRNA targeting vATPase A and muscle actin led to significant mortality after 14 days (45% and 42%, respectively), whereas EDTA-formulated dsRNA did so for only one of the target genes. Ex vivo analysis of the dsRNA stability in collected saliva indicated a strong dsRNA-degrading capacity by E. heros saliva, which could explain the need for dsRNA formulations. Conclusion The results demonstrate that continuous ingestion of dsRNA with EDTA or liposome-encapsulated dsRNA can prevent dsRNA from being degraded enzymatically and suggest great potential for using these formulations in dsRNA delivery to use RNAi as a functional genomics tool or for pest management of stink bugs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to microencapsulate probiotic cells of Lactobacillus plantarum through a dual process consisting of emulsification followed by complex coacervation using gelatin and gum arabic to characterize the lyophilized microcapsules and evaluate their behavior in simulated in vitro gastrointestinal conditions.
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a control plan for monitoring the microbial quality and safety of milk since production to processing, with a wide range of impacts for its quality, safety, and even beneficial features.
Abstract: Milk and dairy products are consumed worldwide and considered as relevant sources of nutrition in humans and animals, not only the newborns. Due to the complexity of the dairy chain, microbial contamination can occur in different steps of production, leading to the development of adequate control plans for monitoring the microbial quality and safety of milk since production to processing. Different microbial groups can contaminate milk, with a wide range of impacts for its quality, safety, and even beneficial features. Important microbial groups are researched in milk to assess the hygienic procedures and conditions during production, such as mesophilic aerobes and coliforms; some groups are considered as relevant spoilage agents, such as psychrotrophics; many bacteria are researched due to their pathogenic potential, such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.; and other bacteria can possess beneficial features, like some lactic acid bacteria strains. This huge diversity is a challenge in the dairy industry, once their monitoring and control became mandatory to testify and guide the raw milk utilization by consumers and dairy industry.
TL;DR: This paper used daily rainfall time series data from 112 rain gauges and a recent yearly 1-km land use data set covering the period from 1974 to 2012 to evaluate the effects of the extent of deforestation at different spatial scales on the onset of the rainy season and on the duration of dry spells in southern Amazonia.
Abstract: Amazonian deforestation is causing notable changes in the hydrological cycle by altering important precipitation characteristics. This study uses daily rainfall time series data from 112 rain gauges and a recent yearly 1‐km land use data set covering the period from 1974 to 2012 to evaluate the effects of the extent of deforestation at different spatial scales on the onset of the rainy season and on the duration of dry spells in southern Amazonia. Correlation analyses indicate a delay in the onset of 0.12–0.17 days per percent increase in deforestation. Analysis of cumulative probability density functions emphasizes that the likelihood of rainy season onset occurring earlier than normal decreases as the local deforestation fraction increases. In addition, the probability of occurrence of dry spells in the early and late rainy season is higher in areas with greater deforestation. The delayed onset and longer dry spell events in highly deforested areas increase the climate risk to agriculture in the region.
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of wheat blast is summarized and the most important gaps in understanding of the disease are identified and a research agenda is proposed that aims to improve the management of Wheat blast and limit its threat to global wheat production.
Abstract: Wheat blast was first reported in Brazil in 1985 It spread rapidly across the wheat cropping areas of Brazil to become the most important biotic constraint on wheat production in the region The alarming appearance of wheat blast in Bangladesh in 2016 greatly increased the urgency to understand this disease, including its causes and consequences Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of wheat blast and aim to identify the most important gaps in our understanding of the disease We also propose a research agenda that aims to improve the management of wheat blast and limit its threat to global wheat production
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the structure of lignin and its characteristics for each specific use is presented, with a focus on the characteristics that must have for a specific use.
Abstract: This review details the structure of lignin and curates information on the characteristics that this polymer must have for each specific use. Lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Approximately 50 million tons of lignin are produced worldwide annually, of which 98% to 99% is incinerated to produce steam, process energy. Just 1% to 2% of the lignin, derived from the sulfite pulp industry, is used in chemical conversion to produce lignosulfonates. Biorefining is a promising approach to promote the wider use of kraft lignin. However, using kraft lignin to produce high value-added products is a great challenge, due to its complex structure, low reactivity, and low solubility, which are factors that limit the lignin’s large-scale use in biorefineries. Recent studies show that kraft lignin can be used as lignosulfonates and dispersants, technical carbons, transportation fuels, bioplastics, and adhesives, but some technological hurdles must be overcome and several industrial tests must be developed to make these uses viable.