Universidade Federal de Viçosa

About: Universidade Federal de Viçosa is a education organization based out in Viçosa, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Biology. The organization has 16012 authors who have published 26711 publications receiving 353416 citations.

Action of two herbicides on the microbial activity of soil cultivated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in conventional-till and no-till systems

Abstract: Summary The effects of application of the herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl and fomesafen and the commercial mixture of these herbicides on the microbial activity of a soil, cultivated with common bean under no-till (NTS) and conventional-till (CTS) systems, were evaluated. Microbial respiration was monitored for 63 days after application (DAA) of the herbicides, and the following evaluated at 12 and 51 DAA: microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), percentage of bean root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi and grain yield at the end of the cycle. A greater microbial respiratory rate was observed under NTS, with fluazifop-p-butyl providing the lowest respiration. At 12 DAA, MBC and qMIC were most affected negatively by fomesafen and by the commercial mixture of the two herbicides. Mycorrhizal colonisation was affected by the herbicides only at 12 DAA under CTS; however, in both periods, the highest value was found under NTS. All the herbicides caused a decrease in the MBC and qMIC values at 51 DAA; the qCO2, which is related to the soil system stability, indicated a greater NTS balance over CTS. The herbicide fomesafen induced lower stability in the system. Lower grain yield was obtained without weed control (no herbicides) and with fomesafen-only treatments, which may be attributed to the high weed infestation in the experimental area.

Associação entre estado nutricional e atividade física em escolares da Rede Municipal de Ensino em Corumbá - MS

Abstract: O sedentarismo e fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil, condicoes que se associam a dislipidemia, hipertensao arterial e resistencia insulinica, entre outras alteracoes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e a associacao com o padrao de atividade fisica em escolares da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Corumba (MS). Foi realizado estudo analitico transversal em uma amostra de 403 escolares, com idade entre sete e 10 anos, no qual se consideraram com risco de sobrepeso e sobrepeso as criancas com percentis de IMC 6 METs) foi registrada. Quanto maior a idade, menor o tempo despendido nas atividades fisicas ativas. Constatou-se que criancas eutroficas sao mais ativas, praticam atividades fisicas mais intensas e gastam menos tempo assistindo a televisao e jogando videogames do que as criancas com sobrepeso. Os dados evidenciam a importância em promover mudancas no estilo de vida com a adocao de habitos saudaveis, desde a infância, e a sua manutencao por toda a vida. Criancas ativas favorecem uma populacao adulta tambem ativa e saudavel contribuindo, consequentemente, para a reducao da incidencia de morbidade e mortalidade na idade adulta.

Spider mite web mediates anti-predator behaviour

Abstract: Herbivores suffer significant mortality from predation and are therefore subject to natural selection on traits promoting predator avoidance and resistance. They can employ an array of strategies to reduce predation, for example through changes in behaviour, morphology and life history. So far, the anti-predator response studied most intensively in spider mites has been the avoidance of patches with high predation risk. Less attention has been given to the dense web produced by spider mites, which is a complex structure of silken threads that is thought to hinder predators. Here, we investigate the effects of the web produced by the red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, on its interactions with the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus longipes Evans. We tested whether female spider mites recognize predator cues and whether these can induce the spider mites to produce denser web. We found that the prey did not produce denser web in response to such cues, but laid more eggs suspended in the web, away from the leaf surface. These suspended eggs suffered less from predation by P. longipes than eggs that were laid on the leaf surface under the web. Thus, by altering their oviposition behaviour in response to predator cues, females of T. evansi protect their offspring.

Food consumption by degree of processing and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review.

Abstract: Processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has been associated with development of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD). This systematic review aims to summarise and discuss evidence of the relationship between food consumption according to degree of food processing and cardiometabolic risk. Data search was conducted in databases as PubMed, Bireme and Science Direct until July 2018. Studies have shown a positive association of UPF consumption with excess body weight, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome features. However, disparities found in the studies analysed regarding dietary assessment, confounding factors and differences in food classifications makes comparisons between studies difficult. In conclusion, current evidences indicate the need to monitor UPF intake in global population. However, more studies are necessary to interpret better these associations with similar methodologies used in the studies. As well as longitudinal analyses can help to improve comparisons between outcomes and establish cause-effect relationship between UPF intake and cardiometabolic risk.

Effect of dietary chitin on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in rats.

Abstract: The effect of chitin at the level of 5% in the diet on cholesterol absorption and metabolism was studied in Wistar rats fed on diet containing beef tallow (7%) and cholesterol (1%). When compared with pair-fed controls, rats fed on diet containing chitin had: (1) similar weight gain and feed efficiency, (2) lower apparent protein digestibility, (3) equivalent liver steatosis, (4) reduced levels of liver triglycerides and cholesterol, (5) similar levels of serum and fecal cholesterol, (6) higher excretion of triglycerides in feces.